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    Ronald EpsteinBank of America

    Ronald Epstein's questions to TransDigm Group Inc (TDG) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to TransDigm Group Inc (TDG) leadership • Q3 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America asked about the health of TransDigm's own supply chain and any remaining bottlenecks. He also inquired about the company's exposure and the potential impact of the Boeing St. Louis strike.

    Answer

    Co-COO Mike Lisman responded that the supply chain continues to improve but is not yet at pre-pandemic efficiency, with castings and certain electronics remaining as pain points. Regarding the St. Louis strike, he noted it is a headwind but a much smaller one than a commercial strike would be, given TransDigm's relative defense exposure.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to TransDigm Group Inc (TDG) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked for an update on the freight and cargo aftermarket and inquired about the company's interest in the software-enabled hardware market.

    Answer

    Co-COO Mike Lisman reported that the freight business performed well in Q2, with growth exceeding the 13% overall for the commercial aftermarket. Regarding software-enabled hardware, Lisman reiterated that all M&A opportunities are evaluated against their disciplined financial model targeting a 20% IRR, and this approach will not change.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to TransDigm Group Inc (TDG) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein inquired about the M&A environment, asking if political changes could create new opportunities and whether any potential assets being sold by Boeing are of interest to TransDigm.

    Answer

    CEO Kevin Stein stated he does not speculate on political impacts but noted that fiscal 2024 was a record year for the number of transactions and he doesn't see the environment slowing. Regarding specific assets, he declined to comment on public company M&A but acknowledged some larger assets look 'possibly attractive'.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Embraer SA (ERJ) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Embraer SA (ERJ) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked a series of questions, including whether Embraer would consider spinning off Eve to unlock value, the status of new aircraft development, the rationale for not moving more executive jet production to the U.S., and the progress of E-Jet sales campaigns outside the U.S.

    Answer

    CEO Francisco Neto and CFO Antonio Garcia addressed the points, stating there are no plans to spin off Eve due to strong synergies. They confirmed ongoing R&D but no new aircraft programs to announce. They believe the current U.S. executive jet footprint is well-balanced and competitive. Finally, they highlighted strong E2 sales momentum globally following recent orders from ANA and SAS.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Embraer SA (ERJ) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America asked about the timeline for investing in a new aircraft platform, the level of conservatism in the 2025 guidance, and demand for the KC-390 from NATO.

    Answer

    CEO Francisco Neto stated the focus is on execution through 2030 to fund any future program, calling the current guidance 'realistic' rather than conservative. He also noted strong global interest in the KC-390, with active campaigns in Europe and Asia, and highlighted the potential for a major U.S. order, which would lead to the aircraft being produced in the U.S.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Embraer SA (ERJ) leadership • Q2 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked for a broader characterization of customer interest and sales campaigns for commercial aircraft following the Farnborough Airshow, noting he had expected more order announcements.

    Answer

    President and CEO Francisco Gomes Neto highlighted a strong start to the year with orders from American Airlines and Mexicana. He assured that Embraer is actively engaged in numerous sales campaigns across all global regions and expressed confidence in announcing new orders in Q3 and the remainder of the year.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Air Lease Corp (AL) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Air Lease Corp (AL) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America inquired about the current stability of aircraft production from OEMs like Boeing and Airbus. He followed up by questioning an apparent backtrack in portfolio yield during the quarter, despite previous guidance that yields would trend higher.

    Answer

    CEO John Plueger stated that Boeing's production has been stable relative to its November 2024 outlook, while Airbus has also been stable since its last update, though he noted potential risk due to its higher production rate. EVP & CFO Gregory Willis corrected the premise of the follow-up question, clarifying that portfolio yields on an average asset basis did, in fact, increase during the quarter and are expected to continue tracking upward.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Air Lease Corp (AL) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked when the aircraft supply/demand imbalance might reach equilibrium, if airlines are adapting to older fleets, and if the industry needs a third major OEM.

    Answer

    Executive Chairman Steven Udvar-Hazy stated that the timeframe for market equilibrium is stretching out, not shortening, due to persistent engine and supply chain shortages. He confirmed airlines are flying older aircraft longer, which increases demand for lessors. He also noted that while there is room for a third OEM, a major challenge would be securing a next-generation propulsion system that offers a step-change in reliability.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Air Lease Corp (AL) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America inquired when the net interest margin might begin to rise and asked for management's thoughts on the possibility of a third major OEM entering the market.

    Answer

    CFO Gregory Willis suggested that as lease yields improve and the Fed eases, the net interest margin should see some expansion in the near term. Executive Chairman Steven Udvar-Hazy commented that while a third OEM would be welcome for competition, the capital, regulatory, and logistical hurdles are immense, making it unlikely in the near future. He noted the current headwinds for a new entrant are greater than the tailwinds.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc (HII) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc (HII) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from BofA Securities inquired about the business impact of the R&D tax code changes and asked for the current size and growth potential of HII's unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) business.

    Answer

    EVP and CFO Thomas Stiehle explained that the R&D tax law change was the primary driver for the $150 million increase in the 2025 free cash flow guidance. President and CEO Christopher Kastner added that while the UUV business size is not disclosed, it is expected to have 'outsized growth' and highlighted significant opportunities like a potential 200-vehicle Navy contract.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc (HII) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked what is required to modernize U.S. military shipyard manufacturing processes, similar to the automation in Korean commercial yards, and inquired about demand trends for HII's unmanned products.

    Answer

    President and CEO Christopher Kastner explained that defense shipbuilding is less suited to heavy automation due to complexity, with improvements focused on process efficiency and streamlining. He reported that demand for unmanned systems is 'really good,' with a significant backlog and ramp-up potential for its uncrewed underwater vehicles both domestically and internationally.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc (HII) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein questioned how management could not have foreseen the current issues at their Investor Day, asked for the 2025 margin outlook, and queried if higher pay could solve the shipbuilder labor shortage.

    Answer

    CEO Christopher Kastner responded that their assumptions for navigating pre-COVID contracts were 'a little bit too optimistic.' He deferred providing 2025 margin guidance until January, pending Q4 execution and clarity on new submarine contracts. He agreed that higher pay is a key lever for improving retention and performance, confirming it is a focus in discussions with the Navy.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Leonardo DRS Inc (DRS) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Leonardo DRS Inc (DRS) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America questioned why the germanium issue seems more pronounced for DRS than for peers and asked about other opportunities in the shipbuilding industrial base. He also asked for an outlook on the fiscal 2027 budget process.

    Answer

    Chairman & CEO William Lynn explained that as a major sensor house, germanium is a critical input for DRS. He identified permanent magnets as another key material. For shipbuilding, he cited future opportunities in electric drive for the DDG(X) and SSN(X) platforms. On the FY27 budget, he suggested the administration's goal will be sustained, predictable growth to counter threats, likely achieved through a combination of budget bills and possibly another reconciliation.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Leonardo DRS Inc (DRS) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from BofA Securities asked for management's perspective on a potential 8% defense budget reallocation, the impact of a continuing resolution for FY25, and how geopolitical tensions might affect foreign military sales.

    Answer

    CEO William Lynn suggested that a budget reallocation could benefit DRS, as funds may shift to missile defense and counter-UAS, which are core areas for the company. He noted a continuing resolution would be more of a 2026 issue, as 75% of 2025 revenue is in backlog. Regarding FMS, he believes European urgency for proven capabilities could drive demand for DRS's systems, offsetting any tapering in Ukraine-related sales.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Leonardo DRS Inc (DRS) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein inquired about the company's M&A sourcing strategy, whether any assets in the Boeing Defense portfolio could be a fit, and the potential market size for counter-UAS and directed energy.

    Answer

    CEO Bill Lynn and CFO Mike Dippold described a multi-pronged M&A strategy involving a dedicated team, proactive outreach, and leveraging partnerships as an 'acquisition incubator'. Lynn noted that while a Boeing deal is always possible, nothing is currently actionable. He characterized the counter-UAS market as being in the early stages, with international sales representing the next major growth opportunity.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Boeing Co (BA) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Boeing Co (BA) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked for a more detailed explanation of the engine anti-ice issue on the 737-7 and -10 variants, specifically what was causing the certification process to take longer than expected.

    Answer

    President & CEO Kelly Ortberg clarified that the delay stems from engineering design challenges. Recent testing of a potential solution revealed issues with airflow perturbation into the engine inlet, requiring the team to 'back up and make some additional design changes.' This has extended the timeline for finalizing a certifiable solution.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Boeing Co (BA) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked about Boeing's portfolio strategy, inquiring what management considers core versus non-core and seeking comment on media speculation about potential asset sales like Jeppesen.

    Answer

    CEO Kelly Ortberg stated that a detailed portfolio review is complete and the company's approach will be 'more pruning the portfolio, not cutting down the tree.' He emphasized that this will not be a major restructuring but a streamlining of non-core areas to reduce bureaucracy. He declined to comment on specific assets but indicated actions would occur over the coming months and year.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Boeing Co (BA) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked about the five-year vision for the Boeing company and at what point a new airplane development program might fit into that future.

    Answer

    President and CEO Kelly Ortberg outlined his vision for Boeing to regain its leadership position in aerospace and defense through disciplined execution on its existing backlog. He stated that the immediate focus is on executing well, not pursuing new market opportunities, as demand for current products is already strong. He noted that a new airplane is needed in the future, but the company must first stabilize the business and restore the balance sheet.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Textron Inc (TXT) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Textron Inc (TXT) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Samantha Stiroh, on behalf of Ronald Epstein from Bank of America, asked about Textron's capital deployment strategy, specifically regarding the outlook for share repurchases and potential M&A opportunities.

    Answer

    An unnamed executive, likely CEO Scott Donnelly, reiterated that the primary focus for capital deployment is opportunistic share buybacks, which they expect to continue through the second half of the year. He added that while the company has the capacity for acquisitions if a good opportunity arises, share repurchases currently offer the best return for shareholders.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Textron Inc (TXT) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked about the potential to apply eAviation technology to other Textron aircraft like the Caravan and inquired about the company's view on the current M&A environment, especially in defense tech.

    Answer

    Chairman and CEO Scott Donnelly explained that while Textron supports other companies electrifying the Caravan, it is not doing so itself but has arrangements to potentially incorporate a certified electric design into its production line if demand is sufficient. On M&A, he said Textron is always looking but has found deal multiples to be 'a little bit on the nutty side' and will only pursue deals that are accretive to shareholders.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Textron Inc (TXT) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked if the new administration could create a tailwind for private aviation and if there were opportunities for more commercial-style defense contracting, similar to the past Scorpion program.

    Answer

    Scott Donnelly, Chairman and CEO, agreed that a pro-business climate with favorable tax and regulatory policies generally boosts customer confidence for capital expenditures like aircraft. On defense contracting, he noted that previous efforts to accelerate acquisition were beneficial and he is hopeful the new administration will also prioritize speed, which would be a net positive for Textron's programs, though he did not comment on a specific new platform.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Lockheed Martin Corp (LMT) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Lockheed Martin Corp (LMT) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America followed up by asking why it took a billion dollars in charges to prompt a change in the program review process and requested a breakdown of the cash flow impact of the $1.8 billion in charges for 2025 and 2026.

    Answer

    Chairman, President & CEO James Taiclet clarified that the new, more rigorous monitoring system implemented after Q4 revealed new cost risks and development anomalies. When flowed through multi-year fixed-price obligations from 2018, these new discoveries resulted in the large charge. CFO Evan Scott detailed the cash impact, stating a $500 million cash usage from the Aero classified program is baked into 2025 guidance, which will step down to approximately $400 million in 2026.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Lockheed Martin Corp (LMT) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked if the concept of an 'iron dome over the U.S.' is essentially the Next Generation Interceptor (NGI) program and also inquired about the implications of U.S. policy discussions regarding Greenland.

    Answer

    CEO James Taiclet clarified that NGI is an 'integral part' of a much broader, multi-layered homeland defense system that must also counter hypersonic missiles, cruise missiles, and drones. He described it as a comprehensive solution for a multi-domain threat environment. He declined to comment on the Greenland question, stating it was a U.S. government policy matter outside the company's purview.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Lockheed Martin Corp (LMT) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein inquired about Lockheed Martin's strategy for next-generation tactical fighters, specifically regarding the Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) program's Increment 2 and the interplay between manned and unmanned systems.

    Answer

    CEO James Taiclet explained that Lockheed Martin is preserving optionality by investing in sixth-generation technologies at Skunkworks while also developing systems, like a new pod, to enable the F-35 to control CCAs. He emphasized that Increment 2 is targeted to be a scalable, combat-ready system for which Lockheed Martin will eagerly compete. CFO Jesus Malave added that the company's multiyear financial outlook accounts for significant investments in autonomy and AI.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Northrop Grumman Corp (NOC) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Northrop Grumman Corp (NOC) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America Merrill Lynch inquired about the drivers of the 18% international sales growth and future prospects from NATO spending, and also sought more detail on the surprising positive EAC adjustment for the Sentinel program.

    Answer

    Chair, CEO & President Kathy Warden attributed the strong international growth to a 'generational shift' in European defense spending, with a strong book-to-bill and broad demand across weapons, missile defense, and aircraft. Regarding Sentinel, she explained that substantial progress on the weapon system, a restart of work on the command and launch segment, and a more collaborative approach with the Air Force improved the company's outlook and confidence in meeting program milestones.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Northrop Grumman Corp (NOC) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein pressed for details on what specifically changed with the B-21 program to trigger the recent charge and sought assurance against future charges. He also asked about profitability confidence on the Sentinel program.

    Answer

    CEO Kathy Warden attributed the B-21 charge to a defined process change for higher production rates and an underestimation of material costs, noting these learnings are not expected to repeat. For Sentinel, she highlighted it is a cost-plus contract and the company is working with the Air Force to identify cost efficiencies.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Northrop Grumman Corp (NOC) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America inquired about Northrop Grumman's strategic view on a potential U.S. 'Iron Dome' system and the expected 2025 growth contribution from the B-21 and GBSD (Sentinel) programs.

    Answer

    CEO Kathy Warden affirmed that Northrop Grumman is well-positioned to support a U.S. missile defense architecture, citing the company's end-to-end capabilities in launch disruption, satellite-based tracking, and interceptor development. She also clarified that while B-21 and GBSD will contribute to 2025 growth, their growth rates will be more modest than in the past, with both programs combined remaining under 10% of total company sales.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Northrop Grumman Corp (NOC) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America asked for an assessment of the current supply chain environment, including any specific points of tightness or concern, and questioned whether vertical integration is being considered as a solution.

    Answer

    Chair, CEO and President Kathy Warden responded that supply chain challenges are broad-based and supplier-dependent, spanning from microelectronics to solid rocket motors, rather than being concentrated in one area. She noted that while the situation is improving, risks will likely persist into 2025. Warden clarified that the company's primary strategy is to support suppliers, viewing vertical integration as a last resort.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to RTX Corp (RTX) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to RTX Corp (RTX) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America inquired about the commercial original equipment (OE) production rates RTX is seeing from its customers, specifically regarding stability at Boeing and the ramp-up at Airbus for the A320 and A350.

    Answer

    CEO Christopher Calio confirmed that RTX is seeing increased stability in production rates at Boeing and that RTX has the capacity to support their needs. For Airbus, he noted the A320 continues to ramp, though a recent work stoppage had a minor impact that is expected to be recovered. He emphasized the ongoing focus on balancing material allocation between new engine production and MRO support for the existing fleet.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to RTX Corp (RTX) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked about the recent decision on a next-generation manned aircraft program and for any insight on the potential timing for the associated engine selection, implying a competition between RTX and a competitor.

    Answer

    Executive Chairman and CEO Christopher Calio did not provide a specific timeline but highlighted that Pratt & Whitney received a $550 million award in Q1 to advance its next-generation engine program. He expressed satisfaction with testing progress and customer feedback, reinforcing Pratt's strong track record in providing advanced fighter propulsion technologies.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to RTX Corp (RTX) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America questioned the status of the Next Generation Adaptive Propulsion (NGAP) program following an increased Air Force contract and its expected financial impact on Pratt & Whitney.

    Answer

    Executive Christopher Calio stated that RTX has been pleased with the rigorous testing of its NGAP solution and the new funding will help de-risk the program. CFO Neil Mitchill added that NGAP, along with the F135 Engine Core Upgrade, is a key contributor to the mid-single-digit growth forecast for Pratt's military business and represents a clear tailwind.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to RTX Corp (RTX) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America inquired about RTX's strategy regarding emerging defense tech companies, asking whether they are viewed as competitive threats or potential partners.

    Answer

    Executive Christopher Calio described the situation as both a threat and an opportunity. He stated that while RTX remains vigilant about competition, its key advantage is the ability to scale sophisticated production. He also acknowledged learning from the agility of newer players. Calio confirmed RTX is actively seeking partnership opportunities, particularly in software, and is using its RTX Ventures arm to invest in early-stage companies to integrate new technologies into its product portfolio.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Howmet Aerospace Inc (HWM) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Howmet Aerospace Inc (HWM) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked for details on the impact of tariffs, the company's ability to pass them through to customers, and its exposure to rare earth minerals.

    Answer

    Executive Chairman and CEO John Plant detailed a comprehensive mitigation strategy, estimating a gross tariff impact of ~$80 million but a net impact of less than $15 million in 2025, mostly due to timing lags. Regarding rare earths, he noted long-term supply for key materials like yttrium, stating the company is in 'good shape'.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Howmet Aerospace Inc (HWM) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein requested more color on the opportunity in the Industrial Gas Turbine (IGT) market, noting management's increasing bullishness and asking about its potential scale for Howmet.

    Answer

    Executive Chairman and CEO John Plant described the IGT outlook as 'exceptional,' driven by massive electricity demand from data centers for processing and cooling. He noted that Howmet is expanding capacity at two sites to meet this demand, which will initially manifest as higher spares sales from increased utilization of the existing turbine fleet. Plant reiterated that Howmet holds over 50% market share in IGT turbine blades and that IGT margins are similar to those in aerospace.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Howmet Aerospace Inc (HWM) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked about the company's capital deployment strategy, specifically weighing the potential for M&A against continued share repurchases.

    Answer

    Executive Chairman and CEO John Plant described Howmet as being in a 'position of choice.' While the company actively evaluates M&A opportunities, from small tech tuck-ins to larger deals, it remains highly disciplined. Any potential acquisition is rigorously compared against the risk-adjusted, cash-on-cash returns of buying back its own stock, which management still views as a healthy and positive use of capital.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Garmin Ltd (GRMN) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Garmin Ltd (GRMN) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked about potential logistical challenges with product shipments and port congestion. He also requested more detail on tariff mitigation tools and the specific impact of tariffs on the Aviation segment.

    Answer

    CEO Cliff Pemble reported that shipping and manufacturing have been following a normal cadence with a mix of air and sea freight, describing it as "business as usual." On mitigation, he reiterated that all options are being considered but declined to provide specifics due to competitive sensitivity. For Aviation, Pemble acknowledged some impact from tariffs on materials sourced from outside the U.S. but noted it is more limited since most manufacturing for that segment occurs in the U.S.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to AerCap Holdings NV (AER) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to AerCap Holdings NV (AER) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein inquired about the current state of wide-body aircraft demand and the outlook for the 777X. He also asked if the aerospace industry is actively lobbying against tariffs and, separately, whether he believes the 737 aircraft family needs to be replaced.

    Answer

    CEO Aengus Kelly confirmed that wide-body demand remains 'very strong' and 'unabated,' with high demand for 787s and A350s. He expects the 777X to be a highly capable aircraft that will dominate its market segment. He affirmed his belief that the industry is lobbying against tariffs. On the 737, he stated emphatically 'No,' it does not need a replacement. Instead, he argued the industry's focus should be on improving the reliability and durability of existing aircraft programs, not launching new ones.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to AerCap Holdings NV (AER) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked for an updated forecast on when the narrow-body aircraft market might reach supply-demand equilibrium, given ongoing production issues at both Boeing and Airbus. He also asked if this signals a permanent shift to older fleets.

    Answer

    CEO Aengus Kelly revised his forecast, pushing the expected equilibrium to the end of the decade, around 2029-2030. He cited high lease extension rates and airlines buying older assets as evidence. He clarified that airlines are keeping planes longer out of necessity, not desire, as they prefer the operational simplicity of new, standardized fleets.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to HEICO Corp (HEI) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to HEICO Corp (HEI) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked for HEICO's view on when the average age of the commercial fleet might decline, the potential industry disruption from the SPS fire, and how the company thinks about the risk of tariffs.

    Answer

    Eric Mendelson, Co-President, noted that HEICO focuses on the number of aircraft in age cohorts rather than the average age and isn't concerned, as older aircraft continue to fly and newer ones are very expensive to maintain. He expects the SPS fire to be "quite disruptive" but has confidence in PCC's ability to recover quickly. Carlos Macau, EVP and CFO, stated that tariff risk is diffused due to a localized supply chain and that any potential 3-5% cost increase could be passed on to customers.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to HEICO Corp (HEI) leadership • Q4 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein from Bank of America asked about expectations for the M&A environment under the new administration and HEICO's appetite for another large acquisition.

    Answer

    Co-President Eric Mendelson anticipates a more pro-business regulatory environment but noted HEICO is already a preferred buyer with a busy pipeline. Co-President Victor Mendelson added that HEICO's appetite for acquisitions of all sizes, including large ones, remains unchanged and is driven by bottom-line returns. Eric Mendelson highlighted the success of the Wencor deal as proof of their ability to execute large transactions.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to StandardAero, Inc. (SARO) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to StandardAero, Inc. (SARO) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein requested more detail on the trend in shop visit mix, particularly the share of heavy visits, and asked for a breakdown of this mix across the company's major engine platforms.

    Answer

    CFO Dan Satterfield explained that the strong earnings profile in Q3 reflected a lighter work scope mix with lower material content, which typically carries higher margins. He stated that the company does not provide platform-specific details on the call but could potentially follow up.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Mercury Systems Inc (MRCY) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Mercury Systems Inc (MRCY) leadership • Q1 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked for an update on the supply chain and workforce environment. He also inquired about the long-term outlook for free cash flow generation and its potential alignment with earnings.

    Answer

    CEO William Ballhaus stated that he does not currently see significant performance constraints from either the workforce or supply chain. Executive David Farnsworth added that supply chain lead times have not systemically elongated. Regarding cash flow, Farnsworth reiterated expectations for positive free cash flow for the full year, with a stronger second half, and affirmed the long-term goal for the business to be a consistent cash generator.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to BWX Technologies Inc (BWXT) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to BWX Technologies Inc (BWXT) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein posed a big-picture question on whether shipyard production challenges will eventually catch up to BWXT and asked about the company's potential market capture in the SMR space, which was previously estimated at $300 billion by 2040.

    Answer

    CEO Rex Geveden explained that stopping the supply chain to let shipyards catch up is not feasible, as it would risk losing capabilities, so BWXT will continue producing at required levels. For SMRs, Geveden estimated potential content at around $100 million per GE BWRX-300 unit and tens of millions for TerraPower's Natrium, which can be used to scale the opportunity. CFO Robb LeMasters added that BWXT also has call options to provide fuel solutions and leverage its U.S. manufacturing sites for domestic SMR demand.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to RBC Bearings Inc (RBC) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to RBC Bearings Inc (RBC) leadership • Q2 2025

    Question

    Ronald Epstein of Bank of America asked about the current M&A environment, including property pricing and opportunities arising from supplier stress. He also questioned if there were opportunities for RBC in the naval supply chain, given execution challenges at prime contractors.

    Answer

    CEO Mike Hartnett described the M&A market as active, particularly in A&D, but noted intense competition from private equity and that many attractive assets come with significant problems to solve. Regarding the naval supply chain, Hartnett said the company's current focus is on executing its existing large order book and that a previous offer to build a new plant to help was met with little interest.

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    Ronald Epstein's questions to Crane Co (CR) leadership

    Ronald Epstein's questions to Crane Co (CR) leadership • Q3 2024

    Question

    Ronald Epstein asked how long the Boeing strike would need to last before it becomes truly problematic for Crane and its supply chain, seeking to understand if there is a specific 'line in the sand' for the company.

    Answer

    CEO Max Mitchell responded that he does not see a 'red line' for Crane regarding the strike's duration. He explained that the company's strong aftermarket business provides a natural hedge against OE production delays. He also noted that Crane is proactively managing inventory and its supply chain to support Boeing's eventual recovery without disruption, expressing confidence in their ability to manage the situation.

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