Airbnb - Earnings Call - Q1 2025

Executive Summary

• Q1 2025 revenue was $2.27B (+6% y/y; +11% ex-FX/calendar), modestly above S&P consensus; diluted EPS $0.24 beat by ~$0.005. Adjusted EBITDA was $417M (18% margin); net income $154M (7% margin), pressured by higher SBC, investment write-downs, and lower interest income.
• Guidance: Q2 2025 revenue $2.99–$3.05B (+9–11% y/y) with ~2ppt Easter benefit; ADR ~flat y/y; Adjusted EBITDA up y/y but margin flat-to-slightly down. FY 2025 Adjusted EBITDA margin reiterated “at least 34.5%” with $200–$250M investments to launch new businesses (Summer Release May 13).
• Mix and geography: Nights grew 8% to 143.1M despite tough comps; strength in Latin America (low-20s growth), APAC (mid-teens), EMEA (mid-single digits), and softer U.S., with shorter lead-time bookings and macro caution noted on the call.
• Strategic catalysts: App rebuild and AI customer service rollout (50% of U.S. users; 15% fewer escalations) underpin conversion and reliability; Summer Release to expand beyond stays; hotel distribution to fill network gaps—key medium-term narrative drivers.
• Capital return: $807M repurchases in Q1; TTM FCF $4.36B (39% margin). Cash and equivalents plus short-term investments $11.5B; funds held on behalf of guests $9.2B.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• Nights & Experiences Booked rose 8% to 143.1M; GBV grew 7% to $24.5B (9% ex-FX) despite Leap Day/Easter timing headwinds. App bookings increased 17% y/y to 58% of nights, aiding conversion.
• Latin America and APAC outperformed; Brazil origin nights +27% y/y; first-time bookers >30%. Japan domestic nights +20%+ post brand campaign, highlighting success of localized product/marketing.
• Management reaffirmed FY 2025 Adjusted EBITDA margin ≥34.5% while investing in new offerings; Q2 revenue guide calls for 9–11% growth and higher implied take rate due to calendar effects.
• Quote: “We rebuilt the app from the ground up… now we can innovate faster and offer much more than homes… On May 13, Airbnb will go beyond places to stay.” — Brian Chesky.

What Went Wrong

• Net income fell to $154M (7% margin) from $264M amid higher SBC, investment write-downs, and lower interest income; Adjusted EBITDA down slightly to $417M vs. $424M prior year.
• ADR declined 1% reported (up 1% ex-FX); U.S. trends relatively softer with longer-lead bookings weaker—consumers waiting to book summer travel; no broad “trading down” observed.
• Management flagged marketing expense to grow faster than revenue in Q2 due to Summer Release and growth initiatives, implying near-term margin pressure; full-year margin tailwind from FX is partially hedged and offset by Latin America headwinds.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining Airbnb's Earnings Conference Call for the Q1 of 2025. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded and will be available for replay from the Investor Relations section of Airbnb's website following this call. I will now hand the call over to Angela Yang, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Angela Yang (Director of Investor Relations)

Good afternoon and welcome to Airbnb's Q1 of 2025 Earnings Call. Thank you for joining us today. On the call today, we have Airbnb's Co-founder and CEO, Brian Chesky, and our Chief Financial Officer, Ellie Mertz. Earlier today, we issued a shareholder letter with our financial results and commentary for our Q1 of 2025. These items were also posted on the Investor Relations section of Airbnb's website. During the call, we'll make brief opening remarks and then spend the remainder of time on Q&A. Before I turn it over to Brian, I would like to remind everyone that we will be making forward-looking statements on this call that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors.

These factors are described under forward-looking statements in our shareholder letter and in our most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We urge you to consider these factors and remind you that we undertake no obligation to update the information contained on this call to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. You should be aware that these statements should be considered estimates only and are not a guarantee of future performance. Also, during this call, we will discuss some non-GAAP financial measures. We've provided reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in the shareholder letter posted to the Investor Relations website. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be a substitute for our GAAP results. With that, I'll pass the call to Brian.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for joining. We had a strong start to 2025. In Q1, guests on Airbnb spent nearly $25 billion. These results show that no matter what's happening in the world, people continue to choose Airbnb. That's because our model is inherently adaptable. It's something we've proven time and time again. We started Airbnb during the Great Recession of 2008. People turned to us for a more affordable way to travel, and they started hosting Airbnb to earn extra income. In 2020, when the pandemic hit, we provided a way for people to travel close to home. As a result, our business quickly rebounded. By the end of that year, we went public. Today, things feel uncertain once again. Just as we've shown in the past, as the world changes, Airbnb will continue to adapt.

That is because we have millions of hosts offering nearly every type of home at nearly every price point from budget to luxury in neighborhoods and cities all over the world. For hosts, Airbnb remains a great way to earn meaningful income. Before we get into Q1 results, I want to just talk for a moment about where we are as a company. We have been focused on driving long-term growth as well as preparing for Airbnb's next chapter when we will offer more than a place to stay. We have been laying the groundwork to make this transformation for years. There are two key things we have done to get ready. First, we wanted to make sure that people loved our core service before we launched anything new. We spent the last few years rolling out hundreds of upgrades to make Airbnb better for guests and hosts.

It's now easier to use, more affordable, and more reliable. Just one example of this is the launch of Guest Favorites, which is a way for people to easily find the best place to stay on Airbnb. Since launch, over 350 million nights have been booked at Guest Favorites listings. We've also worked hard to improve affordability and price transparency, which are especially top of mind for people today. When guests told us prices weren't transparent enough, we introduced a toggle that let them see the total price upfront. Over 17 million guests have used it over the past two years. Last month, we rolled out Total Price Display globally. Now the price you see upfront includes all fees. Perfecting our core service wasn't enough. To expand beyond homes, we needed an app that could support new offerings.

Now, until now, our app has really done one thing, which is it lets you book a home. We rebuilt the app from the ground up on a new technology stack. Now we can innovate faster and offer much more than homes. We are ready for Airbnb's next chapter. On Tuesday, May 13, we will unveil the 2025 Summer Release. You can visit our website that day to watch the announcement and see all the details. With that, I am going to turn the call over to Ellie for a financial update.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Thanks. Thanks, Brian, and good afternoon, everyone. I'll start with a review of our Q1 Financial Results, and then I'll walk through our outlook for Q2. As Brian mentioned, we had a strong Q1. We had 143 million nights and experiences booked, up 8% year over year. Looking at this year-over-year growth by region, Latin America grew in the low 20s, Asia-Pacific grew in the mid-teens, Europe in the mid-single digits, and North America in the low single digits. Revenue for the quarter was $2.3 billion, up 6% year over year. If you exclude the impact of FX and calendar factors, revenue would have grown 11%. As a reminder, those calendar factors include Easter falling in Q1 2024 and the extra day from leap day last year. We generated $417 million of adjusted EBITDA, which represents an 18% margin. Next, I'll turn to our balance sheet and cash flow.

We continue to generate significant cash in Q1, delivering $1.8 billion of free cash flow. Over the past 12 months, we've generated $4.4 billion, representing a free cash flow margin of 39%. At the end of Q1, we had $11.5 billion of corporate cash and investments, as well as $9.2 billion of funds held on behalf of guests. Our strong balance sheet allowed us to repurchase $807 million of our common stock during the quarter. At the end of Q1, we had $2.5 billion remaining on our repurchase authorization. Now, let's shift to our Q2 and full year 2025 outlook. Despite the recent volatility in the global economy, we believe we're positioned to deliver strong results in Q2. We expect to deliver revenue between $2.99 billion-$3.05 billion, representing 9%-11% year-over-year growth.

This includes a benefit of approximately 2 percentage points due to the timing of Easter. For nights and experiences booked, we expect year-over-year growth in Q2 to moderate relative to Q1. So far in Q2, we saw strong guest demand for Easter travel in Europe and continued momentum in Latin America, which remains our fastest-growing region. In the U.S., we've seen relatively softer trends, which we believe is largely driven by broader economic uncertainty. On profitability, we expect adjusted EBITDA to increase year-over-year, with adjusted EBITDA margin expected to be flat to slightly down compared to Q2 2024. Marketing expense will grow faster than revenue in Q2, mostly due to our upcoming Summer Release and investments in growth initiatives. For the full year, we continue to expect an adjusted EBITDA margin of at least 34.5%, in line with what we shared in February.

Now, that includes $200-$250 million of investment to launch and scale new businesses in 2025. These investments will have the biggest impact on our margins in the second half of the year since our new offerings go live on May 13. Now, as these new businesses scale over the coming years, we expect them to be significant drivers of future revenue growth. Now, looking ahead, our priorities remain consistent with last quarter. As a reminder, we're continuing to drive long-term growth and deliver market share gains through three key growth levers. First, we are perfecting our core service. As Brian mentioned, we've made Airbnb significantly better for both guests and hosts. We've been driving growth from product improvements like enhanced search and better merchandising. One example is a newly redesigned Rare Finds feature that better highlights popular high-quality listings.

We also simplified our checkout page to make booking easier. These are just a few examples of the product optimizations that are contributing to our top line. We know there's still more work to do. Second, we are accelerating growth in global markets. We're taking a much more localized approach to product and marketing in under-penetrated markets around the world. This is a multi-year strategy, but we've already seen encouraging results. For the fifth quarter in a row, growth in these expansion markets significantly outperformed our core markets. In fact, the average growth rate in Q1 in expansion markets was more than double that of our core markets. Brazil continues to lead the way. In Q1, origin nights in Brazil grew 27%, and first-time bookers grew over 30%, both accelerating from Q4. Third, we are launching and scaling new offerings. This begins on May 13.

Expect more on that soon. Now, to wrap up before we go to questions, we're staying close to geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty and monitoring any short-term impact they could have. As Brian mentioned in his remarks, we have an adaptable and diversified business that has been resilient during periods of uncertainty, most recently as COVID. Despite signs of near-term volatility, we remain focused on the long-term opportunity to both grow our core business and expand into new ones. We believe that our efficient operating model, financial strength, and significant liquidity give us the ability to pursue these multi-year initiatives in the current environment. With that, I will open it up to Q&A.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We will now begin the Q&A session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. If you'd like to withdraw your question, simply press star one again. We ask that you please limit yourself to one question only. Your first question comes from the line of Justin Post from Bank of America. Your line is open.

Justin Post (Merrill Lynch Internet Analyst)

Great. Thank you. I wonder if you could expand a little bit on the letter on travel corridor changes. Are you seeing any differences in total volumes of bookings from quarter changes like in Europe? I know you already mentioned Canada. Is that driving any change for you? Do you think there's any market share impact in the U.S., or do you think you're holding in your share? It's just the whole kind of country is a little depressed. Thank you.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Great. Brian, why don't I take this? Let me first talk a little bit about travel corridors. In particular, you mentioned Canada. We called it out in the letter. Let me tell you a little bit about what we are seeing in particular with regard to the inbound corridor to the U.S. We absolutely have seen a decline in popularity of foreign travelers coming to the U.S. What we have seen is that, number one, it's less popular to come to the U.S. from a year ago, also relative to the beginning of the year. What we're seeing in that segment is two things. One is that that segment is a very small portion of our overall business. As a reminder, U.S. travel is predominantly domestic. As a result, that corridor of foreign travelers coming to the U.S. is approximately 2%-3% of our overall business.

It is frankly not quite material. At the same time, what we are seeing is within that corridor, guests who would have in a prior year come to the U.S. are simply choosing a different location. Canada is the most obvious example where we see Canadians are traveling at a much lower rate to the U.S., but they are traveling more domestically. They are traveling to Mexico. They are going to Brazil. They are going to France. They are going to Japan. What that tells you about the distribution is that in this moment, it is not necessarily that people do not want to travel. They are just choosing different destinations. Airbnb, as a platform, given our distributed supply, provides an adaptable way for them to find a new location. That is the comment I would say on the corridors.

In terms of market share in the U.S., I would say that we continue to have very strong market share in the U.S. We are not seeing any losses in market share. Much to the contrary, we continue to gain market share in the U.S. We do see generally that as a market, North America for the last several quarters has been the slowest grower across the industry.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Richard Clarke from Bernstein. Your line is open.

Richard Clarke (Managing Director and Senior Analyst)

Hi, there. Thanks for taking my question. Just want to delve a little bit into what is the behavior you're actually seeing from the U.S. guests' slowdown? Is it delayed booking windows? Is it higher cancellation rates, shorter trips, trading down, some nature of what you're actually seeing? I guess we've heard from maybe a few travel companies that things got a little bit better towards the end of April. Are you seeing that? Is there any sort of light at the end of the tunnel there with regard to bookings picking up in the last few days or weeks?

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Thanks for the question, Richard. Let me double-click. I just talked about the corridor that is inbound to the U.S. Let me talk now about what we're seeing with regard to U.S. domestic travel, which, again, is the lion's share of overall U.S. destinations. A couple of things to comment on. One is we are seeing the higher-income traveler somewhat unimpacted by the current macro conditions. We see, in particular, at the higher ADRs of our bookings, the growth is very stable and very healthy for the U.S. traveler. In terms of lead times, we're seeing something else. We're seeing that the short lead times, so that would be bookings that are just around the quarter. They could be in two days or a week or two weeks.

We're seeing relatively strong growth there, whereas in the longer lead times, and in particular, those bookings that are for more than, say, a month out, that is where we're seeing the relative softness. What you take from that double-click in terms of the lead times is that we do have some U.S. consumers that are waiting and seeing before they book their summer travel. The one thing that gives us some amount of comfort in terms of seeing the weakness at those longer lead times is that we have seen movements in terms of lead time shifts many times in the past. The most recent to call out was last summer, where we saw in June and July a truncation of lead times, somewhat similar to what we're seeing today.

What we saw then is that people waited for a while, but they did end up booking that trip. It was just closer to the check-in day. That is something that we're obviously monitoring quite closely, both globally, but also in particular to the U.S., as we believe the U.S. is obviously the most impacted by a lot of the headline noise currently. The one thing I would also add is we haven't particularly seen consumers trade down in terms of choose a lower ADR booking or a shorter trip. That has not been any of the behavior that we've seen.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Mark Mahaney from Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Mark Mahaney (Senior Managing Director and Head of Internet Research)

I wanted to ask about what you think are the best chances for re-accelerating your units, your nights, and experiences. If we just leave aside experiences for now, what in terms of the core accommodations unit growth? You're investing to get back to double-digit unit growth. Of the different things you're rolling out, co-hosting, is it really leading into the expansion markets? Is there something else, maybe marketing? What are those? Are you counting on to be most impactful in order to get that recovery back to double-digit nights growth? Thank you very much.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Yeah. Hey, Mark. I don't know if you can take this. I guess I would just say we think we're just scratching the surface of how much bigger our core business could be. There's no reason to think it could not be double the size that it is today. The question is, what would you have to believe? The first thing we want to do is to continue to perfect the core service. To do that, we really have to do three things. We got to make Airbnb easier to use. We got to make it more affordable, and we got to make it more reliable. Just, for example, starting with reliability, for every person who books an Airbnb, we estimate about nine people are booking hotels.

If we could just get one of those nine people to book an Airbnb, that essentially would double the size of our business. The number one reason people say they do not use an Airbnb is they do not find it historically as reliable as a hotel. That is why we are really trying to elevate the best homes in Airbnb and remove the worst. Now Guest Favorites, 350 million nights have been booked in Guest Favorites. we have also removed 450,000 listings. This has created a lot higher customer satisfaction, reduced customer service tickets. We think over time, more and more people are going to come to Airbnb. We are going to do a lot more, Mark, on making Airbnb more reliable. On affordability, we know that is a big driver of growth. Airbnb started as an affordable alternative to hotels.

We lost, I think, a little ground versus hotels during the pandemic. In the last couple of years, hotel prices have gone up more than Airbnb. I want to call out that as of last month, we have rolled out Total Price Display globally. Now the price you see before taxes in the United States and really inclusive taxes, say, in Europe, include all fees. This is really important because it drives customers to the best value Airbnbs, which we rank higher, and incentivize the best behavior for hosts. On the usability standpoint, the vast majority of our people come to Airbnb don't find a booking. Airbnb last year was accessed by over 1.5 billion devices. Think about how many people come to Airbnb that don't find a place to stay.

Part of this is having the right homes for them, but also having the right tools. We think perfecting the core is a huge driver to grow. That is really going to be a big driver in our core markets. Our core markets are U.S., Australia, Canada, U.K., and France, the four English-speaking countries plus France, which make up about 70% of our growth or our business. The more growth markets, emerging markets would be Spain, Italy, Germany, Mexico, Brazil, and then the big four countries in Asia are China, India, Korea, and Japan. These markets are actually growing twice as fast as the aforementioned five core markets. We're going to step on the gas. That international will be one of the biggest growth drivers that will get us back to double-digit growth on Airbnb. That's just a little bit.

It's really three horizons. Horizon one, the biggest near-term opportunity is continue to increase conversion rate by making Airbnb easier to use, more affordable, more reliable. Horizon two really is international growth. Of course, the longest horizon will be expanding our core business to offerings beyond a place to stay.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Jed Kelly from Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Jed Kelly (Equity Research Analyst)

Hey, great. Thanks for taking my question. Just circling back on the U.S., and I've asked this before, but just in some of these urban markets, do you think about leaning more into hotels? Then just on the full-year guidance, you reiterated your margin guidance. Any reason, given the macro uncertainty, for not widening the margin range? Thanks.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Yeah. I can take hotels, and I'll let you take the second part, Jed. Yeah, we think hotels is a massive opportunity for Airbnb. In 2019, we acquired HotelTonight. That was basically under the philosophy that while people came to Airbnb looking for a unique place to stay, typically a home, the vast majority of people come to Airbnb, don't end up booking. One of the reasons is they're window shopping, and they're not ready to book. Sometimes, especially in popular markets, urban areas, when a lot of people are traveling, Airbnb homes are booked. We have a fairly high occupancy, and we need other places to stay. Hotels are a great way to fill in network gaps.

During the pandemic, we had to pause some of our efforts and some of our progress because we really wanted to focus on getting back to the basics. Now that we've made a huge amount of progress on our core business, making over 500 improvements and upgrades over the last three years, we are prepared to expand beyond our core. Actually, one of those expansions is hotels. One of the things you saw was we just did a promotional HotelTonight. Now if you book a hotel on HotelTonight, we're offering 10% credit towards an Airbnb booking. This, of course, increases conversion rate on HotelTonight, but also introduces a number of hotel travelers to Airbnb. Over the coming years, we're going to be doing a lot more on Airbnb's application to bring more great hotels onto Airbnb.

We think almost all the hoteliers in the world would love to have Airbnb as a distribution channel. We think there's a lot of opportunity over the coming years. Absolutely going to be part of our strategy.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Jed, on the second question with regard to the margin guidance, we reiterated the plan that we had shared in February. We believe it gives us considerable room to continue to focus on strengthening the core business while investing in growth initiatives and no material change in terms of that investment profile for the year.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of John Colantuoni from Jefferies. Your line is open.

John Colantuoni (Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thanks for the question. I wanted to start with sort of momentum in the business, with growth in 2024 peaking in December and strength continuing in early 2025. I'm curious how growth has trended throughout the quarter and into April. Is growth sort of at a low point right now for the year, or did it sort of dip a little bit earlier in the quarter, and it's since improved from there? Second question, just sort of looking specifically at the expansion markets, curious if you could just sort of characterize how growth has progressed there specifically this quarter compared to last quarter when you called it out as a key contributor to the strength that you saw. Thanks.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Thanks, John. Let me start with the first question in terms of how growth has trended effectively year to date. It's actually interesting to understand the path that both we and the industry went through in Q1. If you recall, January was a very strong month followed by softness in February. You'll recall there was a bunch of revisions to guidance in terms of the airlines. What they saw, but we saw a slightly less degree of it, was there was a step down from January to February that coincided with a pretty meaningful decline in consumer sentiment over that sequential month-to-month period. Yet, when we look at our full quarter results for Q1, that softness that we saw in February effectively rebounded and recovered in March such that the full quarter was generally in line with our expectations.

When we fast forward today and the headlines are quite volatile, We do have to recall that since the beginning of the year, there has been some temporal shift in terms of when people are booking. From that Q1 period, what you gauge is that people may pause on the booking, but what we've seen to date is that they come back into it. I wouldn't say that April is necessarily the low. There has been some week-to-week and month-to-month volatility since the beginning of the year. On the expansion markets, what would I say? I would say, generally speaking, we see nice momentum in those markets. In particular, what I would say is that Latin America accelerated over the course of full year 2024.

If you look at Latin America's growth in Q1, it is actually above where we were in Q1 of last year, which gives you a sense of if we're able to achieve momentum in a particular market based on our product and marketing localization, we can maintain it and accelerate it over time. Obviously, the nuance of every country is slightly different. Anchoring on the performance that we've had across Latin America, but in Brazil in particular, gives you a sense of the ability to build momentum in these relatively under-penetrated markets.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Lee Horowitz from Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.

Lee Horowitz (Equity Research Analyst)

Thanks for taking the question. Two if I could. Last quarter, you guys talked about the ability to leverage marketing expense in some of your core markets, which gives you the ability to invest in the growth markets. I guess as things perhaps slow a little bit, how do you think about perhaps leaning into that slowness to take some more share, to take advantage of a weaker market to pick up share, particularly relative to, say, some of your competitors that have talked to trying to be more aggressive as things slow? Do you still think you can leverage marketing in your core markets under those assumptions?

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Lee, I would say absolutely. Obviously, we start the year with a full-year marketing plan. Yet, every month, we're looking at the relative efficiencies by channel, by market, and adjusting accordingly. I would say, broadly speaking, for the year, we retain quite a bit of flexibility to put more money into channels that are working and markets that are working and to cut where we see less desirable results. So far this year, we've been doing that on a regular basis as we would in prior years.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Ron Josey from Citi. Your line is open.

Ron Josey (Equity Research Analyst)

Hi. Thanks for taking the question. Two please. I want to ask just on the new product launch on May 13 and experiences or something else. Talk to us a little bit more about the plans, integration plans across the site, and how you think or whether any contribution from these new products are included in guidance. On the affordability or just the volatile headlines that we've been talking about, I'd love your thoughts on just how Airbnb's affordability initiatives could drive greater bookings. We saw the summer travel data where U.S. guests are prioritizing staycations and more plan to drive. Maybe that's an opportunity for the team. Talk to us about that, please. Thank you.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Okay. On the first question, I believe it was, what's the impact of the new business launches with regard to our guidance? I would say the launch date is May 13. We are extremely excited in terms of what is to come and what is to start on that day. It is just the beginning. The impact from a top line in the current quarter will be relatively modest. As we scale those offerings, they will obviously increasingly contribute to the top line. In terms of the expense and the investments associated with that launch, they are building over the course of the beginning of the year. As we said in the guidance language, you will see them more meaningfully hit EBITDA in terms of compression in the back half of the year as we scale the investments behind the launch.

In terms of affordability, Your thesis here is exactly right. What we saw, and it's not a perfect comp, but I do think it is instructive here. What we saw five years ago in terms of the pandemic was when certain portions of travel were inaccessible, people found other things to do on our platform. As Brian and I shared in terms of the opening, just to remind everyone, this business model has a huge amount of diversity in its offering, which allows us to be extremely resilient and adaptable as consumer behavior changes. As about the current environment that we are in, you can think about, for example, the U.S. guest.

There's an opportunity for us to merchandise the lower-cost listing or the more proximate listing where the guest doesn't need to travel for it, doesn't need to take a flight for the summer, but they can drive. There's a huge amount of optionality with regard to the diversity of our offering that can allow us to better merchandise what is applicable to the guest in the current moment.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Justin Patterson from KeyBanc. Your line is open.

Justin Patterson (Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thank you. Could you talk more about the behavior of the guests who are booking primarily in-app versus those who are arriving through the web? Are you just saying greater frequency rates, repeat rates, so on and so forth? Thank you.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Broadly, I would say the demo is slightly different in terms of the app relative to the web. I would say the broader thing to take away in terms of the movements we've made in terms of booking share moving to the app is that we know the app is a much better experience for the consumer. We see this most notably just in terms of conversion rates, getting people to use our apps as compared to, in particular, web. It's a much better experience that we have designed. We want to migrate people to that experience. You can see that the booking share has gone up quite dramatically over the last couple of years as we've encouraged people to use our app. As a result, it's additive in terms of the consolidated conversion levels.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Douglas Anmuth from JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for taking my question. This is Dale for Doug. First of all, Brian, you've been pretty vocal about user experience and travel. Curious to hear how you experience on Airbnb to change as you move beyond places to stay and new choices introduce new frictions. Secondly, how do you guys think about the long-term sustainability of your margins as your efforts to move beyond the core scales over time? Thank you.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Hey, Dale. Let me just start by saying one of the superpowers of Airbnb is our design team and our ability to make something incredibly easy to use. When we started Airbnb, we didn't really invent the idea of vacation rentals. They existed before us. What was true is that they were very hard to book. Before Airbnb, you couldn't actually book a vacation rental online. The messaging platforms really were nonexistent or very rudimentary. Very few people actually left reviews. People didn't really have an account. One of the things we really tried to do when we created Airbnb was design the system of trust. As something is easier, more people do it.

What we're noticing, for example, is many of the new businesses we're going into also have similar frictions as our core business did or vacation rentals did before we basically created a category, which is what we now call Airbnb. That's one of the things—we're going to try to, the things we're going to offer, want to be instant book. We want to be really easy. We want to have that great Airbnb design. The other thing is a couple of other things with user experience. A lot of companies have tried to design an end-to-end travel. Designing end-to-end travel is very, very hard. It's funny. There's this funny thing. One of the most common startup ideas for entrepreneurs is to do a travel planning app. Yet, travel planning apps almost always fail.

It's almost like a riddle. Why do travel planning apps fail? Everyone really tries to do it. The reason why is because to plan travel is very complicated. In fact, it's so complicated, many people have assistance, and a big part of the job is to plan travel for them. Yet, you use it infrequently. It's a very difficult thing to do, and you do it infrequently. Therefore, a lot of companies have failed to design a so-called connected trip. To do this, a lot of it is to design a really good user experience. That's one of the things that we're going to try to do, to really design a great end-to-end experience, be able to book your entire trip and much more. The user interface will be important.

AI will be an important way to do this as well. AI is, I think, as I said before, we're really focused on customer service and solving the most difficult problems for customers and working backwards towards travel inspiration. Just one thing I'll say about AI, which is definitely making the customer experience easier, is we just rolled out our AI customer service agent this past month. 50% of US users are now using the agent, and we'll roll it out to 100% of US users this month. We believe this is the best AI-supported customer travel agent in travel. It's already led to a 15% reduction in people needing to contact live human agents. It is going to get significantly more personalized and agentic over the years to come. Essentially, that's what we're focused on. We're focused on making everything instant book and easy to use.

We're trying to make sure that the end-to-end travel experience is really, really wonderful with great Airbnb design. We're going to bring more AI into the application so that Airbnb, you can really solve your own problems with great self-solve through AI customer service agents.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Great. Let me talk a little bit about long-term margins. Just starting with our core business, obviously, our core business has extremely strong EBITDA margins and cash flow generation abilities. You've seen us bring that up over time, in particular, subsequent to the pandemic. Where we sit today, we see incremental efficiencies that we can continue to drive across that core business. Every year, what we're seeking to do is strengthen and make more efficient that core business so that we have incremental room to invest in growth. From year to year, we may choose to invest more in growth relative to the efficiencies that we generate. You're seeing that in the current year.

The intent, both with the core and the new businesses, is to invest in growth upfront and to optimize the margins over time. That the portfolio over time, we expect to have quite compelling margins.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Nicholas Jones from Citizens. Your line is open. Your next question comes from a line of Ken Gawrelski from Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Ken Gawrelski (Equity Research Analyst)

Thank you very much. Appreciate the question. Brian, a question for you on how you think about the ADRs and the opportunity, the balance. If you go back over the last couple of years, you've talked about making Airbnbs more affordable. And there's been various initiatives, including the Rooms initiative, to make Airbnbs more affordable. Do you expect maybe more flexibility in ADRs and room night prices on Airbnbs relative to hotels in a period of weaker consumer spending, especially in the U.S., maybe in urban areas? I'm just curious as to how you think about the balance between potential ADRs versus room nights in North America. Thank you.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Sorry. I'm not clear what the question is.

Ken Gawrelski (Equity Research Analyst)

I'm sorry. Let me rephrase. As you think about the opportunity, if you think about the balance between pricing ADRs, average daily room nights relative to total room nights volume, do you think that there's an opportunity to have more for your hosts to have more flexibility on ADRs and to see more affordability drive better room nights and ultimately greater share over the long term in a period where there's maybe more consumer weakness or some pressure on the consumer wallet?

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Yeah. Okay. Yeah, absolutely. The answer is yes. I'll try to explain why this is the case. Hotels, let's just contrast two hotels. Assume you're referring to Airbnbs versus hotels. Hotels have, most hotels, hotel rooms, all hotel rooms have a cost base, right? They need to build in a profit margin on their room. They call this RevPAR, Revenue Per Available Room. It's really important for them that they stay within some margin. The vast majority of people on Airbnb list their home only on Airbnb. We believe most listings are exclusive to Airbnb. Most of these homes are either primary homes or they're second homes. The homes don't exist to list on Airbnb. They exist for somebody to live in somewhere all the time.

Most of the income that people make on Airbnb, the average host on Airbnb in the United States, for example, makes about $50,000 a year. This is supplemental income. It is typically all upside for them. What this means is there is typically a little bit more flexibility on an Airbnb host than to a hotel to be able to move their prices up or down because if they did not rent on Airbnb before Airbnb, they did not rent. That night was completely lost. Really, any price is upside for them as compared to a hotel. One of the things we do is we try to build really great host tools for them. Four out of five hosts on Airbnb are now using our host tools. Give you a couple of examples. Compare listings.

More than 2 million listings on Airbnb have used the Compare Listings tool. What the Compare Listings tool does is shows you how your price compares to prices of similar Airbnbs in your area. We found that when hosts have more visibility, they tend to provide more competitive prices. Another is weekly and monthly discounts. Now, the vast majority of hosts on Airbnb offer a discount if you rent by the week or if you rent by the month. These are just some of the tools that we offer. We're going to continue to offer more and more tools so our hosts are increasingly responsive. Yes, to answer your question, we do believe that there's more flexibility.

Ultimately, while a higher ADR can benefit Airbnb's financial outlook in the short term, in the long run, affordability aligns our interests with customers, which is the best long-term incentive to align with shareholders. We always want to drive as much value as possible to our guests.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Can I just also add that when we test elasticity, we often see that driving down prices is more than compensated by increased volume. That is why when we think about our pricing tools, we are not trying to necessarily drive hosts to offer higher prices. We are trying to get them to the best price for their listing that will drive more bookings. In many cases, that will be to reduce your price.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Kevin Kopelman from TD Cowen. Your line is open.

Kevin Kopelman (Equity Research Analyst)

Thanks. Another one on ADRs. Given FX, the guide seems to point to the softer ADRs for Q2. How much of that is geo mix versus softening within the key regions or other factors? What are you assuming for FX benefit in Q2? Thanks.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Yeah. If we look at the guide for Q2, what is happening, we're seeing a couple of different factors. One is there is underlying real price appreciation, which is a tailwind in terms of bringing prices up. There is a movement in terms of the FX headwind. The FX headwind relative to Q1 is dissipating in Q2. The third component is, as our business mix shifts away from North America in particular, that is a headwind, right? It moderates prices because the U.S. prices are significantly above, frankly, ADRs around the world. I would note we do not get the same FX benefit as maybe other platforms in that our exposure to, for example, the euro is much more limited than some other platforms.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Tom White from D.A. Davidson. Your line is open.

Tom White (Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thanks for taking my question. Just one on the international expansion markets. I was hoping you guys could just update us on kind of how those markets are tracking in terms of profitability relative to your kind of core markets, both in terms of absolute level and also just curious about the kind of the pace at which they're tracking that way. If you could just share a little color on exactly what kind of investments you guys are finding or helping in those markets or helping drive the acceleration and growth you talked about. Thanks.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Sure. When we think about our expansion markets, what I would say generally about this business is we're able to generate very attractive contribution profit at a variety of ADRs. That typically is the biggest determinant on the overall level of profitability at a market level, like the relative ADR. I would say, broadly speaking, when we think about investing in a new market, there is some fixed cost upfront in terms of, say, launching brand campaigns. That does drag margins down. Over time, we are able to scale into the marketing load as well as make some efficiencies in terms of the underlying variable costs if they have not already been localized. I'll go back to my first comment that independent of a pretty wide range of ADRs, we're able to deliver very attractive unit economics across the globe.

In terms of what the types of investments we're making in those markets are, it really falls into two very simple buckets. One is product, and the other is marketing. On the product side, we have been taking a localized approach to look at specific markets to say, what do we need to do to either the global product or, for example, the payment stack to enable more local customers to use Airbnb? We've been very choiceful with those localizations to make sure that they're worth the effort and they aren't too localized. When they're important, they can be quite meaningful in terms of driving growth in a particular market. Some of the obvious cases are around adjusting the booking flow to be locally nuanced and, in particular, to offer the right payment methods for a specific type of customer.

That's one area of investment on product. The next is obviously marketing. When we talk about going into a particular expansion market, what that means is that we are applying effectively the full funnel of our marketing approach to that market. It is inclusive of some amount of brand marketing, performance marketing, comms, policy, etc., such that we are hands-on to deliver a differential outcome for that market versus the light touch approach of some of our long-tail markets.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Stephen Ju from UBS. Your line is open.

Steven Ju (Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thank you. Brian and Ellie, we in the analyst community sort of outside looking in are always probably overly focused on the advertising and the monetization angle of product development. Can we talk about in recenter where your priorities are? Because based on everything that you're talking about, whether it's experiences or the international expansion, the co-hosting, and Brian, your prior analogy with lateral things to sell like Amazon, it does sound like we should be thinking more about transaction growth versus things that you are doing to capture a greater portion of the unit economics. Can you kind of recenter us in terms of what do you think the primary drivers of gross bookings will be and revenue will be? Thanks.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Maybe I can talk at a high level. Ellie, feel free to elaborate. Yeah, you have the right mental model. I've always believed that what we should do is focus on the things that are either most perishable opportunities or things that our guests and hosts are asking for. Most of what we've done is to try to do one of those two things. Whether we're increasing reliability, affordability, making it be more easier to use, those are really in response to what our guests and hosts are telling us. That's, I'd say, the first priority is being responsive to their feedback and listening to them. The vast majority of the 500 improvements we made over the last three years was based on feedback from our guests and hosts. Everything else is really a matter of just sequencing.

The sequencing that we've chosen is just based on some of the opportunities that are most perishable. Frankly, number one would actually be beyond improving our core business. It would be international expansion. The international markets are critical. We think what Latin America and what Asia have in common, for example, is that the average population is younger in these markets. They're more likely to be on social media and therefore also less predisposed to staying in hotels. There are huge populations, huge economies growing very, very quickly. We think these are huge opportunities for investment. One of the most important things that we can do at Airbnb is to continue to grow our network effect. This network effect is really a global network. We really want it to match the travel corridors.

Obviously, expanding beyond a place to stay, we are prioritizing things that increase, yeah, volume growth versus unit economics. That being said, there are a number of things that we are looking at that would increase monetization of Airbnb, especially on the host side. The reason why is because almost everything we've done for hosts, we've given away without charging anything incremental from a take rate standpoint in the last five years. We've increased AirCover coverage to $3 million. We do not charge more. We can go down the list of other things that we offer. We do not take any additional take rate on co-host listings. They just host on Airbnb. We want to grow unit volume. We think that growing network effect, increasing market share is the most important priority for us in the near term.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Deepak Mathivanan from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is open.

Thanks, guys. This is Jack on for Deepak. Just one for you real quick. Are you guys seeing hosts adjust pricing for some of the early demand softness in the U.S.? And kind of moreover, do you expect the marketplace to be relatively price sticky, or is it going to be more dynamic should the macro get any worse from here? Thank you.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

I would say we haven't seen any meaningful shift to the downside in terms of hosts resetting their pricing. To parts of the call earlier, I do think there's considerable opportunity for us to encourage hosts to bring down their prices generally, but certainly in this macro to capture more demand. I would call it an opportunity as opposed to something that we're seeing hosts actively do today.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Conor Cunningham from Melius Research. Your line is open.

Connor Cunningham (Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, everyone. Thank you. Airlines and hotels spend a ton of time talking about the resiliency of loyalty programs during downturns. I know you guys don't want to copy them, but can you just give us some updated thoughts on a subscription model or a loyalty program? It just seems much more likely that that type of opportunity is on the table after you move into experiences or something else along that line. If you could just talk about that, that would be helpful. Thank you.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

Yeah. Totally agree with you. It is absolutely something that we're looking at. I've been actively thinking about this as well. What I've always was very intentional about was that we never wanted to necessarily have essentially a point subsidy program, which to me is, in a way, the price for not having a lot of loyalty on your platform. And we have a lot of loyalty. A lot of these other programs, they try to get people to join loyalty programs that even have an account information. They even have a relationship with the guest. Everyone at Airbnb, we verify their identity. The vast majority of people have profiles. We have 200 million verified identities on the platform on Airbnb today. That's more than any or almost any other platform in the United States for any, not just travel, but beyond travel.

Around two out of three people who book an Airbnb leave a review. We have really good retention. We have really good participation. I have always thought that there could be a membership program, potentially even a paid subscription or membership program at Airbnb where you pay more to get differentiated offerings and better service. We are looking at a variety of models there where it is not necessarily subsidizing the business we already have, but really increasing usage and increasing share of wallet. That Amazon Prime, one of the things that is compelling about it is they actually were able to get people not just to come back to Amazon, but to use it more frequently.

Any program that increases share of wallet or gets people not necessarily to come back to Airbnb, but to use it more frequently for a greater part of their lives, not necessarily just every year, but imagine every month or every week, including in your own city, would be really, really compelling to us.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from a line of Alex Brignall from Redburn Atlantic. Your line is open.

Alex Brignall (Equity Research Analyst)

Good evening. Thank you very much for taking the question. Out of Q4 results, when you talked about the margin target, you said that FX was a headwind because of the transactional exposure that you have and more of your costs are in dollars. I'm not 100% sure. You said that margin certainly wouldn't have gone down as much, maybe not even down, if FX wasn't going against your piece. Tell me if I'm wrong if I am on that. Obviously, FX has gone entirely the other way now, and it would be a tailwind to your numbers. I would have imagined that all else equal, which of course is not, that the margin target for the full year would have seen a tailwind from the fact that FX will benefit your US dollar cost base relative to your revenues.

Could you just talk about why that's not happening? Thank you.

Ellie Mertz (CFO)

Yeah. Thanks for the question, Alex. Certainly, yes, between now and February, sorry, since February, we have seen a change in the FX rates. As of February, we were assuming that FX would be a pretty meaningful headwind for the remainder of the year. Fast forward to where we are today, it's obviously less of a headwind. A couple of things that I would note. One is that the positivity we've seen out of Europe in terms of the weakening of the dollar is not necessarily relevant for our entire portfolio. We do continue to have some FX headwinds out of Latin America that do impact a certain portion of our business. Second is we do do some revenue hedging such that the tailwind that some are seeing does not entirely materialize in terms of our hedge portfolio for revenue.

I would say third, in terms of managing to the guidance that we provided you, there are some puts and takes with regard to overall volume, underlying ADR, as well as FX-adjusted ADR.

Operator (participant)

That concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the call back over to Brian for closing remarks.

Brian Chesky (Co-Founder and CEO)

All right, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. We're incredibly proud of our results. I'm really excited to share what we've been working on at Airbnb. Make sure to watch our 2025 Summer Release to see what's next. Until then, thank you.

Operator (participant)

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.