Advent Technologies - Q4 2023

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good morning, everyone. I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to Advent Technologies' fourth quarter earnings conference call. After the presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during this time, please press star one on your telephone keypad. On the call today, we are joined by Dr. Vasilis Gregoriou, Advent's Chairman, CEO, and acting CFO. Before we begin the prepared remarks, we would like to remind you that Advent issued a press release announcing its fourth quarter 2023 financial results shortly before the market opened today. You may access the materials on the investor relations section of the company's website at www.advent.energy.

I would also like to remind everyone that during the course of this conference call, Advent's management will discuss forecasts, targets, and other forward-looking statements regarding the company's future, customer orders, and the company's business outlook that are intended to be covered by the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of nineteen ninety-five for forward-looking statements. While these statements represent management's current expectations and projections about future results and performances as of today, Advent's actual results are subject to many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectations. In addition to any risks highlighted during this call, important factors that may affect Advent's future results are described in its reports filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including today's earnings press release.

Except as required by applicable law, the company undertakes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this call. Lastly, information discussed on this call concerning the company's industry competitive position in the market in which it operates, is based on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources, and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and other third-party resources, as well as data from the company's internal research and are based on assumptions made upon reviewing such data and with knowledge of such industry and markets, which it believes to be reasonable. These assumptions are subject to uncertainties and risks, which could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates. Please note that this call is being recorded. Kicking off the call will be Dr. Vasilis Gregoriou.

Dr. Gregoriou, I now turn it over to you.

Vasilis Gregoriou (Chairman and CEO and Acting CFO)

Thank you, operator. Good morning to everyone listening in, and thank you for joining us on Advent's fourth quarter 2023 earnings call. On today's call, I will provide an update on the business, and I will also review our financial performance and outlook. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly reintroduce Advent to you, what we do and what makes our technology different. At Advent, we're developing the high-temperature PEM fuel cell technology. High-temperature PEM, as we call it, has unique competitive advantages. Our fuel cells are optimal for using liquid E-fuels made from hydrogen, like E-methanol, but also biofuels and biogas. If you're following market developments, you have recently heard these words more and more. We expect that E-methanol and biogas will dominate the investment and business plans in the next years, moving to deployment much faster than compressed or liquefied hydrogen applications.

The reason is simple: the cost of infrastructure and the end cost of electrification. Advent's fuel cells are not limited to pure hydrogen, and this makes them ideal for marine and off-grid power, both of which are turning to methanol. Furthermore, due to our high temperature operation, our fuel cells have superior efficiency that can reach 85% when the heat is used and are ideal for aviation and heavy-duty trucks. All these statements have been validated by our strong collaborations with Airbus, U.S. Army, Hyundai and Siemens Energy, among others, during the last year. You and all probably follow in development in the battery market and the hundreds of billions invested there. Let us give you a comparison that showcases the importance of our technology.

Our fuel cell converts approximately four hundred grams of methanol, that carry eighty grams of green hydrogen, to one kilowatt-hour of electrical power, thus, it is equivalent to 2,500 watt-hours per kilogram battery. As a comparison, lithium-ion batteries are at one-tenth of the power density, and even futuristic batteries are at one-fifth. Moreover, unlike a battery or a hydrogen-based system, our fuel cells can be deployed on the existing infrastructure of transported and especially liquid fuels globally, even in the poorest countries. You might wonder why high-temperature PEM has not been more widespread in the past. The issue was the maturity of the technology. Advent using a next-generation membrane and electrode structure, called Ion Pair MEA, has achieved in 2024, 2X the power of previous state-of-the-art fuel cells per square centimeter.

We also have concrete data that we will achieve two X the lifetime of competing high-temperature PEM systems. These accomplishments can lead to massively lower cost of electrification, and we believe that at scale and in cooperation with the OEMs and Tier 1s, we can achieve a levelized cost of electricity, including hardware, fuel, and service, in the range of 20-30 cents per kilowatt hour. This, of course, will not be competitive versus the grid, but it will be highly competitive for all off-grids and backup markets, and also for all heavy-duty mobility markets. In fact, it will be the lowest cost solution when compared to battery-only, compressed hydrogen, or even fossil fuel alternatives. The relentless pursuit of low-cost green energy is what drives us, and it's our mission.

The development of the Ion Pair MEA was and is the core mission of Advent since its public market entry. We're happy to announce that in 2024, we're on pace to meet the demands of the global OEM leaders in the fuel cell industry, companies like Airbus and Hyundai Motors, which have been highly successful in meeting all the milestones we set with our key OEM partners, and I will discuss this in more detail later. A hydrogen high-temperature PEM fuel cell with equivalent to 2,500 watt-hours per kilogram battery performance is ideal for enabling electrification in heavy-duty mobility and also off-grid power, large-scale stationary power, and backup applications like data centers. We see our fuel cells as the key technology for covering the other 50% of the market that will not and cannot be addressed by batteries or direct electrification.

In the marine, off-grid power, but also in the defense markets, we see methanol as a practical solution today. Methanol is the fuel of tomorrow, available today. We already deploy systems using natural gas-based methanol that is a low-cost interim solution, and it drops emissions 40% lower than diesel. Tomorrow, as hydrogen and subsequently E-methanol costs drop, we see our fuel cells being highly competitive in most applications while providing net zero green power without pollutants. Already, there are 130 renewable methanol production projects around the world, 250 marine vessels, and we project that the demand for marine and off-grid markets will further accelerate the trend. The Ion Pair MEA technology is the core differentiator for Advent.

Any OEM or Tier 1 manufacturer that has access to our MEA has the capability of producing state-of-the-art high-temperature PEM fuel cells for completely different applications, from data center backup power to heavy-duty trucks, and from pure electrification to aerospace propulsion. Advent's business model will from now on focus exclusively on the MEA innovation, IP, and MEA manufacturing scale, a business that requires low CapEx, is highly protected by Advent's specific know-how, and can have a healthy margin. Moving to the operational side, over the past year, we have encountered a mix of positive as well as challenging events. On the positive side, the interest for methanol fuel cells and clean power solutions has reached unprecedented levels from a variety of markets. However, the financial markets have not been favorable to clean energy investments lately.

Consequently, infrastructure loans and grants from the EU and the US have become the most viable route for finance support through the entailed lengthy bureaucratic processes. In response to these delays, we have proactively streamlined our operations by reducing operational facility expenses. We've made the difficult decision to close subsidiaries and facilities that were not profitable and negatively impacted the company's future trajectory. Accordingly, in 2024, we eliminated our Boston, Denmark, and Philippines operations. Through the years in post-acquisitions, especially SerEnergy, we have developed hardware technology, and we have successfully managed to sell 1,200 hardware systems, primarily to the telecom industry. This know-how is utilized to accelerate partner OEMs through technology transfer and licensing agreements, but is not our intent to become an end product OEM in multiple markets, a feat that will require hundreds of millions in investment and a long time to market.

This is the reason we have decided to discontinue operations of certain subsidiary facilities that have been focusing on end system production and were demanding more and more costs for low or even negative margin revenues. The Danish subsidiary, especially, which was developing systems based on older high-temperature PEM technology, had a production cost exceeding $2,000 per kilowatt, while we expected that OEMs with the Ion Pair MEA technology can develop systems that with a cost approaching $500 per kilowatt at scale. These are all dollars. This will happen from the product plan that will deliver Ion Pair MEAs with 3X the lifetime and 3X the power per square centimeter. The Ion Pair makes all the difference between mass market scale-up and an unprofitable, low business, low-volume business.

These strategic actions position us for a more sustainable and profitable future, allowing us to focus on our core strengths and continue leading in the clean power solution market. The business model shift is significantly reducing Advent's current OpEx and future CapEx needs, and keep a scalable global, simpler to execute business model. Despite the challenges of last year, Advent has been extremely successful in its MEA development, where we've made very considerable strides. Our high-temperature PEM fuel cell technology is gaining recognition from world-leading companies, demonstrated by our collaborations with Airbus, US Army, Hyundai Motor Company, and other top automotive leaders. We're proud to have delivered on our contractual agreements with all aforementioned partners. These strategic partnerships underscore the industry's confidence in our technology and are the first phase before the commercial scale-up plan for 2026.

Additionally, our defense solution under development, the Honey Badger 50, is anticipated to transition to mass production by 2026. We expect that with the introduction of the Ion Pair technology, OEMs will be able to pack 50 kilowatt to 80 kilowatt of power in a small cabinet and combine multiple cabinets for multi-megawatt solution, aimed at data centers, remote recharge stations, virtual power plants, and microgrid support systems. When it comes to new business development, we are seeking to develop joint ventures or technology transfer and license agreement with large-scale local integrators, Tier 1s and OEMs. Some of the discussions are in the advanced stage, and our technology transfer and license model makes sense to all parties.

Under this model, we intend to continue to manufacture the MEA, and potentially even the fuel cell stack for some markets, but we license out the complete balance of plant and end system product. This can allow a multitude of different Tier 1 manufacturers to scale up different usage-specific product configurations with a core Advent high-temperature PEM MEA in all products. Such a model can be highly scalable, low CapEx, and high gross margin for Advent. In the automotive market, we're already active in the first level of collaboration, the technology assessment phase, with four of the top 10 of the world's leading auto manufacturers in terms of annual vehicle production. This is all we can announce, and not the names at this point, as every world-class partner has its own specific strategy and goals.

We have announced a fifth partner, Hyundai Motor, as they have already moved to the next stage of a joint development agreement. Our goal is to conclude the technology assessment by the end of 2024, and then move with one or more of the other companies into a joint development agreement that can provide a significant budget for scaling up. The high temperature PEM technology shows unique promise, primarily for the truck and heavy-duty vehicle market. The high temperature operation can result in efficient heat rejection, which means that the truck will be able to run optimally in many countries around the world, where it's extreme heat for periods of time. Moreover, they will run more efficiently as the cooling requirements are lower.

The balance of plant is simpler than low temperature PEM, and there is no water management issues that other fuel cells have, and the promise of also using directly a liquid fuel is also a promising feature. Our intent is to enter into strategic agreements in 2024 to 2025, and have one or more automotive partners that can become a strong pillar of support for us. The aerospace market situation is very similar to the automotive one. The one strong difference is that there, we have already forged a $13 million strategic partnership with Airbus to fast-track the development of advanced Ion Pair MEA. The goal is to achieve the performance targets required for aviation standards. Our primary focus is on enabling Airbus in its endeavor to power aircraft solely with fuel cells.

So far, we have managed to achieve the first milestones of the program, and we're very optimistic for the progress towards achieving the performance goals that our Airbus has set. The joint development agreement duration is two year, calendar years 2024 and 2025, and we, as Advent, intend to have a follow-up phase that will bring us closer to a hardware system and eventually test flights in the next few years. Airbus has communicated publicly a lot of information about the progress of this formal project, and you can find a lot of online about their intentions, timeframes, et cetera.

While the aerospace and automotive markets are not primed for mass production in the 2024-2026 time frame, they provide a potential strong R&D support and path to massive scale under the same model of Advent manufacture in the MEA, and potentially license some of its fuel cell stack and system technology. Furthermore, as these markets move to scale up, they bring the market potential to hundreds of megawatts. A pragmatic market estimate and analysis for the high temperature PEM technology is also provided in our recent investor presentation. Let's go to the defense market. Coming to the defense market, we signed back in September and December of 2023, contracts totaling $5 million with the US Department of Defense. These contracts refer to the Honey Badger 50 program.

In essence, Honey Badger 50 stands as an ultra compact fuel cell, delivering quiet, lightweight power for soldiers on the move. With over 70% weight reduction compared to batteries, it operates on a versatile range of fuels, including methanol and even windshield washer fuel. We're currently in the process of integrating the Ion Pair MEA technology into the Honey Badger 50, enhancing specific components and improving manufacturing process. The objective is to facilitate the shift from low volume, low prototype volume to manufacturable scale volume. The program is advancing steadily with daily collaboration with the US Department of Defense. All milestones to date have been successfully achieved. Our dedicated team is now focused on refining the manufacturing process for the enhanced Honey Badger 50 fuel cell system, with the objective of achieving high volume production capacity by 2026. Maritime market.

One great example of the above strategies is our entry into the maritime market. Our technologies are already installed in Sanlorenzo's 50Steel methanol fuel cell superyacht, the Almax, which was officially launched in May 2024. We're confident that methanol, especially its greener variants, biomethanol and e-methanol, are the keys to decarbonizing the marine industry. Serving as liquid green fuels and efficient carriers of green hydrogen, they hold immense potential. This certainly is widely shared, as evidenced by the approximately 100 methanol projects currently underway, with the majority, 60%, dedicated to e-methanol and the remaining 40% to biomethanol. Projections indicate that methanol production capacity will reach 20 million tons by 2028. Advent expects a significant number of yachts to benefit from its high-temperature PEM fuel cell technology in the near future.

This includes both existing yachts looking to retrofit, approximately 10,800 currently afloat, and newly built ones, around 275 were built last year. Data centers. When it comes to new markets, we're targeting collaborations with OEMs for the data center off-grid power market, as we see a unique advantage for our fuel cell technology in this sector. Currently, data centers worldwide consume 1%-2% of overall power, but this percentage is expected to rise to 3%-4% by the end of the decade, reaching 1,000 terawatt hours per year. Even at trial levels, the demand for fuel cell is going to be significant. In the U.S. and Europe, this increased demand will drive substantial electricity growth and trend not seen in a generation.

As a result, the carbon dioxide emissions of data centers may more than double between 2022 and 2030. To reduce latency, data centers need to be located closer to fiber optic trunk lines and have dual independent feeds from the power grid. These requirements often place data centers within corporate hubs, where land prices are at a premium. Implementing our fuel cell technology can significantly reduce CapEx investments and accelerate time to market, as it eliminates the need for grid updates, solar farm permits, and build-outs. Our fuel cell can play a primary role at the beginning of a data center project, transitioning to a backup or secondary backup role as demand increases. This flexibility allows data centers to maintain independence, enhance resilience, and negotiate better terms with all parties involved.

Additionally, our fuel cells can optimize seasonality by operating primarily during peak electricity demand periods and shutting down when demand is low. A high temperature PEM fuel cell technology is ideal for data centers for several reasons. Multi-fuel capability allows immediate deployment with methanol fuel tanks and fuel cells installation, and the systems can switch to hydrogen, natural gas, and other fuels without redesign. It can adapt to different levels of methanol fuel with hydrogen, optimizing cost and environmental impact without infrastructure changes. It achieves up to 45% thermal efficiency in a heat pump solution, providing AC and cooling, and bringing overall efficiency to above 80%. With its minimal footprint, especially when considering e-fuel or methanol, our technology offers green, quiet power that perfectly fits the evolving needs of data centers. By leveraging our technology, data centers can achieve faster deployment, greater efficiency, and improve environmental performance.

We're currently in discussions with multiple companies looking to benefit from a high-temperature PEM technology in large-scale scenarios. Despite the vast differences in all these markets, the Advent business challenge and plan is singular and highly focused. All our product efforts are on a common underlying fuel cell technology, an MEA, that targets heavy-duty automotive and large-scale stationary. MEA success leads to unlocking all of these markets from a technology point of view. The right partnerships will also unlock them from a commercial point of view. Our recent restructuring efforts have been crucial in massively reducing costs, and we're targeting a total cost below $20 million in 2024, versus $50 million in 2023, a 70% reduction.

As a consequence of the change in strategy and the reduction of direct sales effort, especially in more countries, we've seen a reduction in revenue in 2023, and we refrain from issuing revenue guidance. Turn now to our financial results. We delivered revenue of $1.5 million in the fourth quarter, compared to $2 million in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year results are due to the decline in orders for the company's stationary fuel cell systems. R&D expenses were $4 million in the fourth quarter, primarily related to internal R&D costs and current needs of our businesses, as well as our cooperative research and development agreement with the Department of Energy. Administrative and selling expenses were $6.7 million in the fourth quarter. Combined with R&D expenses, total operating expenses were $10.7 million, a year-over-year decrease of $1 million.

Net loss in Q4 was $25.7 million, or $12.04 per share. Adjusted net loss was $22.1 million, or $10.32 per share. The adjusted net loss excludes a $0.03 million gain from the change in fair value of outstanding warrants, a $3.71 million goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge. Unrestricted cash reserves were $3.6 million as of December 31, 2023, which is a decrease of $0.1 million from September 30. Our existing cash balances and projected cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to support planned operation for the next twelve months. We're exploring opportunities to raise additional capital and expect to provide an update on this very soon.

In the meantime, we will continue to manage our costs closely and capitalize on opportunities to reduce costs where possible. I will now turn to our outlook. Advent entered 2024 with a strong pipeline of opportunities. As we all know, however, not every opportunity in the pipeline will transpire due to factors that are beyond Advent's control. Opportunities may not materialize or could be delayed. Due to the long-term contract nature of our business model, the timing of revenue can also be difficult to predict. Due to the level of uncertainty caused by these factors, we're not providing a revenue outlook for 2024 at this time. With that, I will now make some closing remarks. The second half of 2023 and the first half of 2024 are a restructuring year for Advent.

We have focused our business model on strategic partnerships and believe we are on the right track. Airbus and Aerospace, five top automakers, and the U.S. Department of Defense have done extensive due diligence and have thoroughly scanned the market and competitors. They have all concluded that the Advent high-temperature PEM technology has significant advantages, and we believe they will bring products to the market soon, some faster than others. Moreover, we have managed to do all this by significantly cutting any fat and not sacrificing our core capabilities, creating a very lean, highly technical team that's focused on product development, strategic technology transfer, and joint development relationships with world-leading firms.

Our lean structure is essential to have the greatest runway possible until the market scales up, and to ensure that we can get to EBITDA positive operation by 2025, while having the IP and the leading position in one of the most promising clean energy technologies. I will summarize now what you should expect from Advent during the next eighteen months. Advent has recently announced that it has raised funds, and furthermore, we have massively cut costs. We're in the process of hiring a new CFO and appointing a new board. These developments have been delayed and have caused a delay in results announcement. Through the next eighteen months, we'll focus solely on our partnership relationship with Airbus, US Army, automotive partners, and potentially data center partners, and primarily on developing our MEA further and licensing out our hardware technology.

We're not going to focus on achieving revenue targets at any cost or going after negative margin activities. We want to maintain a minimal to zero cash burn and hopefully see some progress on receiving the anticipated R&D funds from Europe and further apply for funds in the US. We could have been a lot more aggressive if our strategy if the Greek government had approved the awarded IPCEI funds, but despite this unexpected delay, we're doing our best to maximize shareholder value in an unfair competition environment, where all the other major European hydrogen companies have received the fund from their local governments already. Previous revenue targets are not valid anymore, and we have shut down the end product Denmark factory. The inflection points for massive adoption of the high temperature PEM and MEA technology are set to 2026 and beyond now.

We believe that the demand for methanol-based fuel cells will be, and already is, beyond anyone's expectations. But what we have learned is that unless our Ion Pair MEA technology, coupled with the power of a global OEM, brings the cost below $1,000 per kilowatt for fuel cells, venturing into massive sales and manufacturing and cash burn... Venturing into massive sales and manufacturing is a cash burn exercise. We intend to secure the maximum runway for the company, and we'll be providers of a leading world technology in 2026, when the massive scale-up will come. Finally, I would like to say that Advent's management has recently restructured its compensation to significantly lower levels and has never sold any stock or profited from the stock price of Advent, other than for tax-related purposes that has to do with stock grant and stock options.

Management remains fully committed to running and developing this technology that's crucial for world decarbonization, operate as close as possible to breakeven, innovate beyond expectations of our most demanding OEM partners, and anticipate growth inflection post-2026. I would like to thank you all for joining us today. We're now ready to answer questions. Thank you very much.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Please ensure that your phone is not on mute when called upon. Thank you. One moment, please. As there are no questions at this time, this will conclude today's conference call. We thank you for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.