Adams Resources & Energy - Q4 2023

Executive Summary

• Mixed quarter: revenue declined 5% year over year to $709.8M, but losses narrowed materially; Q4 diluted EPS was ($0.34) vs ($2.34) in Q4’22, and adjusted net earnings were ~$0.03 per share as cost controls and non-GAAP adjustments offset volume/macro headwinds.
• Cash/liquidity strengthened: operating cash flow rose to $22.4M in Q4 (vs. $(2.1)M in Q4’22), cash ended at $33.3M and total liquidity at $80.3M; sequential gains aided by inventory and working capital movements and disciplined capital spending.
• Segment dynamics: crude marketing margins improved sequentially despite lower volumes; Red River exit added ~$2.6M gains and incurred nearly $1M one-time costs; logistics/repurposing posted a Q4 loss; pipeline volumes improved sequentially but remain below plan pending third‑party shipper repairs.
• Outlook/tone: management expects macro headwinds to persist into 1H24 with gradual recovery later; 2024 capex expected lower given asset redeployment; dividend maintained at $0.24/share, continuing a 25+ year record.
• Estimates context: S&P Global consensus for AE’s Q4’23 EPS/revenue was not available via our feed; therefore beat/miss vs. estimates cannot be determined at this time (S&P Global consensus unavailable).

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

• What Went Well

  • Crude marketing margin resilience with sequential operating income improvement; CEO: “Adjusted cash flow…improved 44% over the third quarter…not included were nearly $1 million of one-time expenses and $2.6 million in gains…associated with the closure of our Red River operations”.
  • Strengthened balance sheet and liquidity: cash to $33.3M (+62% YoY; +104% QoQ) and liquidity to $80.3M (+44% QoQ) by year-end.
  • Safety/operations: Service Transport earned National Tank Truck Association safety recognition; favorable insurance premium adjustments lifted Q4 Transportation results.

• What Went Wrong

  • Volumes under pressure: GulfMark marketed 73,381 bpd in Q4 (vs. 92,556 bpd in Q3 and 99,441 bpd in Q4’22) following Red River exit, though margins improved to partially offset.
  • VEX pipeline below expectations: throughput rose to 9,377 bpd (+10% QoQ) but remains below internal targets pending repairs by third‑party shipper; no start-up timeline given.
  • Logistics & Repurposing reported a $1.1M loss in Q4; Phoenix remains largely spot market dependent until term contracts/Dayton project support more consistent profitability.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good morning and welcome to the Adams Resources & Energy fourth quarter 2023 earnings conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please contact conference specialists by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to John Beisler, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

John Beisler (Head of Investor Relations)

Thank you and good morning, everyone. Welcome to the Adams Resources & Energy fourth quarter and full year 2023 conference call. Joining me on the call this morning are Adams Resources & Energy President and CEO Kevin Roycraft and the company's EVP and CFO, Tracy Ohmart. This call is also being webcast and can be accessed through the audio link on the Investor Relations page at adamsresources.com. Today's call, including the Q&A session, will be recorded. Please be advised that any time-sensitive information may no longer be accurate as of the date of any replay or transcript reading. I would also like to remind you that statements made in today's discussion that are not historical facts, including statements or expectations or future events or future financial performance, are forward-looking statements and are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are uncertain and outside of the company's control. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied. Please refer to the earnings press release that was issued yesterday for our disclosures on forward-looking statements. These factors and other risks and uncertainties are described in detail in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Adams Resources & Energy assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. Management will refer to non-GAAP measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow, return on, and adjusted net income and earnings per share. Reconciliations to the nearest GAAP measures can be found at the end of our earnings release. Finally, the earnings press release we issued yesterday is posted on the Investor Relations section of our website. Copy of the release has also been included in an 8-K submitted to the SEC.

Now I'd like to turn the call over to the company's President and CEO, Kevin Roycraft. Kevin?

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. I will begin today's call with some details on the quarter before turning it over to Tracy for a more in-depth dive into the financials. I will then close the prepared remarks by discussing the outlook for the first quarter and full year 2024. Myself, Tracy, and our division presidents, Greg Mills and Wade Harrison, will be available for your questions at the conclusion of the prepared remarks. I was encouraged in many areas by the company's fourth quarter results. Despite the continuation of the macroeconomic headwinds discussed in our last two quarterly calls, the business produced solid results for the fourth quarter. Adjusted cash flow, available cash, and liquidity all improved sequentially on a year-over-year basis.

For the quarter, we improved our adjusted cash flow 44% over the third quarter of 2023, from $4.8 million to $6.8 million, and 100% over the prior year quarter. Not included in the fourth quarter adjusted cash flow numbers were nearly $1 million of one-time expenses and $2.6 million in gains from sale of assets, both associated with the closure of our Red River operations during the quarter. Factoring in these one-time events into the company's adjusted cash flow numbers, we easily produced the strongest quarter we've had since the third quarter of 2022. For the full year of 2023, we improved net cash flow from operating activities by $16.5 million over 2022, from $13.8 million to $30.3 million.

However, when adjusted for crude oil inventory changes, gain on sale of assets, and taxes, 2023's adjusted cash flow came in at $23.4 million compared to $29 million in the prior year. The largest of these adjustments was the inventory change differentials between 2022 and 2023. As I mentioned previously, we continue to see positive momentum in our cash and liquidity positions. Cash and cash equivalents improved 62% over the prior year quarter and 104% sequentially, finishing the year with $33.3 million in cash. Liquidity followed a similar trajectory, improving 44% over the third quarter from $55.9 million to $80.3 million at year's end. GulfMark Energy's legacy area volumes, which include South Texas, Michigan, North Dakota, and Louisiana, were generally flat in the fourth quarter compared to the third quarter of 2023.

Overall, quarterly volumes decreased, primarily due to the closure of our Red River operations in North Texas and Oklahoma. I was very pleased with our team's execution of this exit. We fully completed our contract commitments while working on a very short timeline to exit the area and move equipment. Of 62 tractors and 88 trailers dedicated to the Red River operation, we sold 38 tractors and 68 trailers in the quarter for a net gain on the sale of $2.6 million. The remaining late model equipment will be moved into the GulfMark or Firebird operations, which is expected to reduce these divisions' needs for growth and maintenance CapEx in 2024. Turning to the VEX Pipeline, GulfMark was able to drive a total of 9,377 barrels per day to the line in the quarter, an increase of 10% over the previous quarter's 8,548 barrels per day.

Although the barrel growth is encouraging, VEX is still behind our volume expectations as our expected third-party shipper on the line continues to find and repair issues on their pipeline system. While VEX is still a critical asset to our company, providing huge cost savings by reducing truck miles, to reach its full potential, it will need third-party barrels to come online. It is a positive sign that our future shipper is still spending time and money to repair their system. However, I am reluctant to put a timeline on startup since we have no control on the scope and timing of their repairs. Our most recent acquisitions of Phoenix Oil and Firebird Bulk Carriers finished their first full year with the company. Even with the continuing challenges in the market, the combined businesses produced more than $4 million in positive cash flow.

I am especially pleased with the progress we are making towards vertical integration and intra-company business. GulfMark has become a top five customer for Firebird. Using Firebird's trucks allows GulfMark to keep the overflow truck barrels in-house, providing cost savings and allowing safety and operational control over those units. Phoenix also continues to produce crossover business opportunities with Service Transport. Our over-the-road chemical hauling division, Service Transport Company, saw improved cash flow and earnings in the fourth quarter when compared to the third quarter of 2023. However, these increases were not due to improving market conditions but were largely driven by favorable insurance premium adjustments related to better-than-expected safety performance in prior year periods. These credits were well-earned and truly spotlight the work Service Transport is doing to run a safe and cost-effective operation.

In fact, the National Tank Truck Carriers has just named Service Transport a Grand Award winner for their 2023 North American Safety Contest and a finalist for the Heil Trophy, awarded to the top bulk carrier for safety nationwide, an award STC won back in 2021. From a market perspective, Service Transport's customers are still battling a sluggish chemical shipping environment that is expected to continue through the second quarter of this year. I will touch base on the outlook for Q1 and 2024 later, but now we'll turn the call over to Tracy for a deeper dive into the financials.

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

Thank you, Kevin, and good morning, everyone. Total revenue for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $709.8 million compared to $747.7 million in the prior year quarter. The decline was primarily driven by a decrease in the market price of crude oil and lower crude oil volumes. The decrease in crude oil price was primarily due to weaknesses in the Chinese economy and continued concerns over economic recession. Now let's look at the quarter by individual segments. Fourth quarter revenues for our marketing segment were $671.7 million compared to $707.7 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in the market price of crude oil over the past year and a result of lower crude oil volumes. Operating income for the quarter for the marketing segment was $4.1 million compared to a loss of $4.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The increase is due to inventory valuation changes, partially offset by a decrease in the average market price of crude oil, lower crude oil volumes, and higher operating expenses in the 2023 period. Our transportation segment reported $23.3 million of revenue in the fourth quarter compared to $26.3 million in the prior year quarter. Operating income was $1.6 million versus $1.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in volumes and transportation rates during 2023 as a result of the softening in the transportation market. Our logistics and repurposing segment, which consists of Firebird and Phoenix that were acquired in August 2022, added $14.8 million in revenue for the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to $13.7 million for the prior year quarter. The segment reported a loss of $1.1 million compared to $148,000 of earnings in the prior year quarter.

General and administrative expenses were $4.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2023 and $14.9 million for the year, which is a decrease of $2.8 million compared to the full year of 2022, primarily due to an adjustment of $2.6 million for the reversal of the contingent consideration accrual related to the Firebird and Phoenix acquisition and lower personnel costs and legal fees. Interest expense decreased to $859,000 for the fourth quarter of 2023 versus $918,000 in last year's fourth quarter. For the total year, interest expense increased by $2.1 million compared to 2022, primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in interest expense as a result of borrowings under the credit agreement which was put in place on October 27, 2022.

Net loss for the quarter was $874,000 or $0.34 per share compared to a net loss of $7.3 million or $2.34 per share in the fourth quarter of 2022. For the quarter, cash provided from operating activities was $22.4 million. For the full year, cash provided from operating activities was $30.3 million compared to $13.8 million in the prior year. The increase was a result of a decrease in the price of our crude oil inventory and an 18.5% decrease in the number of barrels held in inventory. Capital expenditures for the quarter totaled $3 million, primarily from the purchase of 8 tractors, 13 trailers, and other field equipment. Our available cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023, totaled $33.3 million compared to $20.5 million on December 31, 2022. Total liquidity as of December 31 was $80.3 million versus $55.9 million in the prior quarter.

Now I'll turn the call back over to Kevin for some final comments. Kevin?

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thank you, Tracy. I will now touch on the outlook for the first quarter and for full year 2024. All business units will continue to work on cost control and operational efficiencies as we expect the headwinds in the market to continue into the second half of the year. We saw the benefit of these efforts with improved results in the back half of 2023 as our cost reduction initiatives took hold. We will continue to build cash and liquidity positions as well as pay down the debt incurred from the KSA share repurchase conducted in the fourth quarter of 2022. GulfMark Energy will continue to battle heavy competition for available barrels, especially in the Eagle Ford Basin, where the rig count has decreased from 76 to 55, a 28% reduction over the past year.

As we wait for drilling activity to increase in the area, GulfMark can still achieve success by improving margins through more efficient operations, cost reductions, and customer negotiations. For the VEX Pipeline, we will continue to work on finding new barrels to run on this operationally critical line. While third-party barrels from the recent connection with a potential future shipper remain a likely possibility, we are hesitant to put a timeline on the startup due to factors out of our control, as previously mentioned. Because of this, our team will focus on their efforts on the other conversations that are being held with multiple potential shippers on the VEX Pipeline. We will look for growth in 2024 from both the Phoenix and Firebird acquisitions. Driver count has grown at Firebird from 97 drivers at the time of acquisition to 115 drivers today.

The growth has come from increased hauling from the addition of new customers as well as internal hauling for GulfMark Energy's overflow. Firebird will continue to work on improving rates and returns in 2024. Phoenix Oil should break ground on the new Dayton, Texas, rail transloading and lab facility in the first half of 2024. Completion of this project will improve capacity and efficiency at the company as well as open up the ability to process new products. As I have mentioned in previous calls, our chemical transportation division, Service Transport, is well-positioned for success when market conditions improve. Service Transport has added new customers and streamlined operations in anticipation of a market rebound. Driver turnovers remain low, and they are ready to provide additional capacity to shippers when the time comes.

In closing, we believe the company can see improved results over 2023 even if the current market challenges persist, as we expect them to for the first half of the year. Obviously, if market conditions improve, specifically in the areas of domestic chemical manufacturing, housing starts, automobile production, and rig count increases, we could see significant year-over-year improvement. As the Adams team waits for market improvements, we will not sit idly. Rather, we will continue to take the necessary steps for the company and our shareholders to be successful. With that, I would like to open the line for questions. Operator?

Operator (participant)

We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then 1 on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then 2. Once again, that was star then 1 to ask a question, and at this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Our first question comes from Erik Volfing of Grand Slam. Please go ahead.

Erik Volfing (COO and CFO)

Hey, guys. How are you? Nice quarter.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Good, Erik.

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

Good morning, Erik.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

How are you doing? Thank you.

Erik Volfing (COO and CFO)

I'm doing well. So there's kind of a lot going on with the divestiture of Red River, and I was just trying to figure out where everything flows through. So you said you had an extra $1 million of expenses relating to that, and then on the other side, you had a gain on sale of about $2.6 million from selling the rigs and equipment. Where are those things flowing through on the P&L?

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

In the cost and expense section for the marketing. So in the fourth quarter, there's like $665 million of costs and expenses. The services are in there, and the gain in sale of the assets are also embedded in there.

Erik Volfing (COO and CFO)

Okay. So if I wanted to adjust, I would basically net those and say, "Okay, it's about $1.6 million benefit that's in that line," and that'll give me a more consistent kind of view of where things were kind of if I'm looking going forward?

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Correct.

Erik Volfing (COO and CFO)

Okay. And then even if I adjust for that, it looks like the marketing margin was still very good. I know that margin fluctuates from quarter to quarter. Was some of that simply getting rid of Red River? That was a drag, or how do we think about that going forward?

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Yeah. That marketing margin has continued to be strong. It was not related to the Red River. That was a separate business entity. So when we're talking about the GulfMark legacy crude oil marketing, that's just a lot of hard work by the marketing team combined with focus on cost cutting.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Yeah. This is Kevin. I'll add to what Greg's comment was, though the rig counts are down in our areas, the marketing team's been successful increasing margins to make up for some of the barrel losses we've seen year-over-year. Okay. All right. Great. And then finally, if you can talk a little bit about kind of what's going on with Firebird and Phoenix, they seem to have maybe not been performing quite at the level we were initially hoping for. How do you see that turning around here this year?

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Again, this is Greg. With Firebird, part of the formula was just getting the driver count back up, which we've been successful. I think we're 115, 116 now, combined with not only are they hauling for GulfMark as our overflow carrier, but we're also picking up some new business with some other entities. And we see businesses coming along. I see it's getting busier. I see the volume continuing to grow as we move forward and continue to even hire. We're still hiring drivers beyond that count today. And then with respect to the Phoenix business, we're really focused on looking for repeat business, trying to get some term contracts. By the nature of that business, it's very much a spot business.

As we work towards getting over to Dayton, we see opportunities to make that business more consistent, just having the assets and not in addition to the cost savings that we'll have working out of Dayton with the rail offload directly to our tanks. We see good things coming on the Phoenix side as well.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

And Eric, I'll add too that specifically to Firebird, one of the things Greg's mentioned, obviously, is growing the barrel count, which we've been doing in the driver base. But also when we sort of unwound what expenses were actually associated with Phoenix and Firebird and separated it out and put them into our own P&L system, we found that Firebird's rates could be improved. So we have been successful going back to our customer base. We saw some of it at the end of Q4. We'll see additional rate increases in Q1. And I think as the market conditions improve, we'll need to take more. But we have been successful pushing some rate increases across. I think we'll see a benefit of into this year.

Erik Volfing (COO and CFO)

Great. And if I can just do one more, just on the pipeline, I heard you saying you're looking for new customers. Do you need to do any more CapEx to, again, expand the pipeline's interconnection to other pipelines?

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

We have, as you know, an existing connection. We've already sunk capital on that. Our partner pipeline, I don't know if we named them or not, but they're getting closer. They're continuing to work through getting their pipeline system ready. They are focused on connecting to another third-party pipeline, and then we'll get to ours after that. So still optimistic that we'll see it this year. With respect to additional capital, there is another opportunity out there where we can make a connection to a third party. At this point, I don't know that we would be burdened with all of the capital on that. There might be other parties help sponsor that. So I wouldn't expect that we have another large capital pipeline connect this year, but we're working toward that.

Erik Volfing (COO and CFO)

All right. Great. Thank you very much, guys.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thank you, Eric.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

The next question comes from Liam Burke of B. Riley. Please go ahead.

Liam Burke (Managing Director)

Thank you. Good morning, Kevin. Good morning, Tracy.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Morning, Liam.

Liam Burke (Managing Director)

Kevin, on the closing of the Red River operations, is the new barrel count volume, daily volume, reset at that 73,000 level?

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Yes. That sounds right. I don't have the number in front of me, but that does sound like we're resetting that number back to that number.

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

Correct. That does not include the marketed barrels that are done out through the Rockies area. That's our kind of wellhead volume, core volume, yes.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Yeah. I would say that 73,000 would be the trucked barrels, right? And we have additional barrels that aren't reported from the same group.

Liam Burke (Managing Director)

Okay. No, no. That's perfect. And in terms of the expense at GulfMark, you've really pushed back on it's a tight margin. You've pushed back. How much more can you do to move those margins?

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Yeah. We will continue to work on that. We actually have been successful. We renegotiated some labor rates already for this year going forward. And again, we've dashboarded our business now, so we're looking at every down to every district level, and we're managing costs. I feel very confident that we can manage our costs and give our marketers the best opportunity to continue to push the margins.

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

I would say one of the key things as well, it's within our control, but sometimes it gets difficult to manage, is the safety and the insurance aspect that that can have. And so I know Greg can talk about the new cameras and other equipment we're doing and enhancements we're trying to make from a safety standpoint to continue to drive down or try to keep insurance rates as low as possible.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Yeah. What Tracy's referring to is we're rolling out a new, more elaborate camera system that effectively monitors behavior of the drivers to ensure that they're maintaining the utmost safety. We also have additional views that we haven't had in the past exterior to the truck, and so we'll know everything that's going on around us, which we find is going to be very helpful with our insurance risk.

Liam Burke (Managing Director)

Great. Thank you very much.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Thank you, Liam.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thank you, Liam.

Operator (participant)

The next question comes from Chris Sakai of Singular Research. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning.

Greg Mills (President of GulfMark Energy)

Morning, everyone, Chris.

Chris Sakai (Director of Research)

Just a question, I guess, now for GulfMark. Should we be looking at barrels per day for Q1 in 2024? I mean, should that be how should we be thinking about that?

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

I'd say relatively flat to Q4, Q1. We have had some uptick as we get into this month, March. We did have an uptick in some barrels, which also complemented the VEX Pipeline. Supply has been up a little bit. But overall, I'd say it's relatively consistent, and we're continuing to, in a high market share or high competitive market, hold our own. We have consistent business and continuing to maintain strong margins.

Chris Sakai (Director of Research)

Would that be the same thinking for service transport for the number of miles for Q1 and 2024?

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Wade, do you want to take that?

Wade Harrison (President of Service Transport)

Yeah. I think one thing that we've seen through, I guess, kind of "our bid season" is kind of a gravitation towards more shorter haul business. So we've noticed an increase in our load count and a decrease in our kind of mileage per load. So that's not necessarily a terrible thing because we can typically hire more drivers for localized business. So through this bid cycle, we have seen kind of a shift in what we've been awarded. So we might see a decrease in our overall mileage just from that result. We're still dealing with some of the kind of downturn in volume from heritage customers, but the business that we have been awarded seems to have been more on a local regional type basis rather than the 500+- mile load.

While I do anticipate a downturn in overall mileage, I don't think that will be totally reflective in the results of the company.

Chris Sakai (Director of Research)

Okay. Thanks. That's helpful. And can you talk about capital expenditures for Q1 and 2024?

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

Yeah. I can take that. I mean, I think we have set out to really replace about 20% of our fleet every year. We've extended that out a little bit. Now that we've seen better performance out of the tractors, but generally, that's what we're trying to do. We received the benefit of closing down the Red River operation. One of the benefits was we were able to take about 25 tractors of the late model tractors because we had refreshed that fleet. We're going to move that into the GulfMark and Firebird operations, which will really decrease their need for 2024 CapEx. Then Service Transport, they use a different type of truck, so they're using the over-the-road sleeper trucks. They'll stay on a pretty similar trajectory that we've seen over the last few years.

So I do expect CapEx for 2024 to be lower because of those reasons. The Red River closures, Service Transport will remain the same. And then 2025, we'll get back on a more normalized CapEx.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

The early part of 2024, we're still seeing some carryover from orders that were placed years ago. So the first quarter, we're still seeing a little bit of it. It's been nothing significant, but there's still a little bit of activity that's being brought forward from orders that manufacturers hadn't yet delivered.

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

Yeah. We are still seeing delays. Not like we had before, but we are still seeing delays from the manufacturers producing equipment that were ordered in previous years.

Chris Sakai (Director of Research)

Okay. Great. Thanks for the answers.

Tracy Ohmart (EVP and CFO)

Thank you, Chris.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thanks, Chris.

Operator (participant)

The next question comes from Jason Ursaner of Bumbershoot Holdings. Please go ahead.

Jason Ursaner (General Partner)

Good morning. Congrats on the very strong cash flow in the quarter. Kevin, I apologize if you already said it, but the gradual recovery you're kind of expecting to start to see later in the first half, are there any signs you're looking for, or how are you going to kind of know that that's progressing? What are you sort of looking to see there to kind of see that that's on track?

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Yeah. A few things. Obviously, we're monitoring internally what our volumes are, both on the barrels per day count and then on service transport, the load counts we're seeing. But outside of what we look at internally, we're also monitoring what our major shippers are saying. And so they have been saying over the last couple of quarters I haven't heard what they said for their fourth quarter results yet, but that they expected to bounce along the bottom until about mid-2024. Admittedly, I don't know what their optimism is towards a turnaround, what causes their feelings that way. We have seen a bit of a spike in Q1. We're not 100% sure, at least on the chemical side, if that's from customers refilling inventories. So we don't want to get out too far ahead and say that's a recovery at this point.

Another thing we monitor, especially on the service transport side, is sort of the overflow loads that our major shippers have. So that means that capacity is getting tight and that shippers or the carriers are turning down lanes. It means they don't have enough drivers to cover the loads that are out there. Throughout the course of 2023, there were virtually zero overflow lanes available. We have seen some overflow tick up early in this year, not to a huge extent, but that list is getting populated, which is an encouraging sign too. So while I don't think the turnaround is here, I think we'll have some signs of when it's happening. Again, we're seeing some early signs of that, but I'm not quite ready to say the turnaround's begun. I need to see some consistency.

Jason Ursaner (General Partner)

Understood then. Appreciate all those details, though. Thanks.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thank you, Jason.

Operator (participant)

This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Kevin Roycraft for any closing remarks.

Kevin Roycraft (President and CEO)

Thank you for your continued interest in the company, and we look forward to updating you on our progress when we report the first quarter earnings in May. Thank you for joining us.

Operator (participant)

The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation, and you may now disconnect.