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Christopher Nixon Cox

Lead Independent Director at Alto Neuroscience
Board

About Christopher Nixon Cox

Christopher Nixon Cox, age 46, is Alto Neuroscience’s Lead Independent Director and has served on the board since April 2022. He holds a J.D. from NYU School of Law, a certificate in Finance from NYU Stern, and a B.A. in Politics from Princeton University. His current term was reclassified to Class III in August 2025 and expires at the 2027 Annual Meeting; he serves as chair of the Compensation and Management Development Committee and sits on the Audit and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committees .

Past Roles

OrganizationRoleTenureCommittees/Impact
Brightsphere, Inc.Vice ChairmanDec 2018 – Mar 2020Public asset manager experience
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLPCorporate Associate2004 – 2006Legal and transactional background
OC Global Partners LLCManaging Partner & Co‑founderOct 2006 – presentFinancial services leadership

External Roles

OrganizationRoleTenureNotes
Lightswitch CapitalChief Executive OfficerDec 2021 – presentAffiliated with 2.73% beneficial ownership via Lightswitch Capital Fund I, L.P.
Argali Carbon CorporationChief Executive OfficerJan 2023 – presentCarbon offset developer
BioSource Feeds CorporationChief Executive OfficerNov 2023 – presentFeed sector
High‑Trend International GroupChairman & DirectorSince Mar 2025Shipping industry
Newsmax Inc.DirectorSince Dec 2020Media

Board Governance

  • Independence: The Board determined Cox is independent under NYSE standards; he is also designated an “audit committee financial expert” alongside Gwill York .
  • Lead Independent Director: Responsibilities include presiding over meetings without the Chair, calling independent director sessions, approving schedules/agendas, and liaising with the CEO/Chair and major stockholders .
  • Attendance: Board met 11 times in FY2024; each director attended ≥75% of Board/committee meetings during their service period. Independent directors held executive sessions; Cox presided .

Committee memberships (current as of Aug 12, 2025):

NameAudit CommitteeCompensation & Mgmt DevelopmentNominating & Corporate Governance
Christopher Nixon CoxMemberChairMember

Committee meetings in FY2024:

CommitteeMeetings
Audit4
Compensation & Mgmt Development7
Nominating & Corporate Governance1

Fixed Compensation

Director compensation structure and 2024 actuals:

ComponentAmount ($)Notes
Annual Board Retainer40,000Policy amount
Lead Independent Director Retainer20,000Policy amount
Compensation Committee Chair Retainer12,000Policy amount
Audit Committee Member Retainer8,000Policy amount
Nominating & Corporate Governance Member Retainer5,000Policy amount
2024 Cash Fees Earned (Cox)18,333Indicates election of options in lieu of cash for most fees

Non‑employee director cash retainers are payable quarterly, pro‑rated for partial service; directors may elect to receive some/all eligible cash compensation in the form of stock options .

Performance Compensation

Equity awards for non‑employee directors are time‑based stock options under the 2024 Plan; directors can also receive “Election Options” instead of cash fees. Key terms:

Award TypeShares / ValueExercise PriceVestingChange-in-Control
Initial Option Grant (IPO policy)30,574 sharesAt grant FMV (e.g., $16.00 at IPO)Monthly over 3 years10-year term; per plan
Annual Option Grant (IPO policy)15,287 sharesFMV at grantVests by earlier of 1 year or next AGM10-year term; per plan
Election Options (in lieu of cash fees)Grant date value equals elected cash; rounded sharesFMV at grantQuarterly pro‑rata over earning periodStandard terms
Amended Initial Grant (Nov 2025 policy)Lesser of 48,200 shares or $400,000 Black‑Scholes valueFMV at grantMonthly over 3 yearsVests in full at change-in-control
Amended Annual Grant (Nov 2025 policy)Lesser of 24,100 shares or $200,000 Black‑Scholes valueFMV at grantEarlier of 1 year or next AGMVests in full at change-in-control

2024 non‑employee director option award value (Cox): $423,655; total 2024 director compensation (Cox): $441,988 . No performance metrics (TSR, revenue, EBITDA) are tied to director compensation—awards are time‑vested; change‑in‑control accelerates vesting per policy .

Other Directorships & Interlocks

External Board/RolePotential Interlock/Conflict Consideration
Lightswitch Capital (CEO)Lightswitch Capital Fund I, L.P. holds 715,653 ANRO shares; Cox, as CEO of the GP, may be deemed to have voting/investment power over these shares (part of his 2.73% beneficial ownership). Related‑party financings: $7.5M Series B (1,250,000 shares) and $6.33M Series C (1,342,778 shares) purchased by Lightswitch‑affiliated entities; registration rights persisted post‑IPO .
High‑Trend International Group (Chair & Director)Industry not overlapping with ANRO’s biotech focus; monitor time commitments
Newsmax Inc. (Director)Media company; no disclosed transactions with ANRO

The company has a formal related‑person transaction policy overseen by the Audit Committee, which considers fairness, independence impacts, and third‑party comparability .

Expertise & Qualifications

  • Designated “audit committee financial expert” by the Board, alongside Ms. York .
  • Extensive financial/investment leadership: Lightswitch Capital (CEO), Brightsphere (former Vice Chairman), OC Global Partners (Managing Partner) .
  • Legal and corporate experience (Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP); advanced finance education .

Equity Ownership

Holder/BreakdownShares% OwnershipNotes
Christopher Nixon Cox total beneficial ownership739,3242.73%As of March 17, 2025 (27,072,129 shares outstanding)
Lightswitch Capital Fund I, L.P.715,653Cox is CEO of Lightswitch GP, the general partner; may be deemed to have voting/investment power over these shares
Options exercisable within 60 days (Cox)23,671Included in beneficial ownership
Outstanding options held (as of 12/31/2024)35,197As disclosed in director holdings table

Policies:

  • Hedging/pledging: Company insider trading policy prohibits hedging, derivative trading, short selling, holding shares in margin accounts, and pledging shares as collateral .
  • Indemnification: Standard indemnification agreements for directors; D&O insurance maintained .
  • Clawback: Dodd‑Frank compliant incentive compensation clawback policy adopted at IPO (primarily executive compensation) .

Governance Assessment

  • Strengths:

    • Independent lead director balancing CEO/Chair dual role; presides over executive sessions and liaises with investors .
    • Audit committee financial expertise and independence; formal related‑party transaction review policy; robust committee activity and attendance .
    • Transparent non‑employee director compensation policy with option elections in lieu of cash; hedging/pledging prohibited .
  • Considerations / RED FLAGS:

    • Affiliation with a significant shareholder: Cox’s leadership of Lightswitch’s GP and Lightswitch’s historic and current ownership (Series B/C financings; 2.73% beneficial stake) presents potential perceived conflicts—heightened scrutiny warranted given his role as Compensation Committee Chair and Lead Independent Director .
    • Equity award acceleration on change‑in‑control for directors reduces at‑risk structure and could be viewed as shareholder‑unfriendly in some governance frameworks; ensure alignment with long‑term performance .
    • Multiple external leadership roles (Lightswitch, Argali Carbon, BioSource Feeds, High‑Trend, Newsmax): monitor for overboarding, though the Board explicitly reviews time commitments and independence .
  • Additional notes:

    • Emerging Growth Company status—ANRO is not required to conduct say‑on‑pay votes yet, limiting direct shareholder feedback on compensation frameworks .
    • Board reclassified classes in Aug 2025; Cox now Class III (term thru 2027), maintaining committee leadership/memberships—signals continuity but should be tracked for sustained independence and effectiveness .

Director Compensation (Cox) – FY2024

MetricAmount ($)
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash18,333
Option Awards (grant-date fair value)423,655
Total441,988
Shares Underlying Outstanding Options (12/31/2024)35,197

Non‑Employee Director Compensation Policy (Key Terms)

ElementDetail
Annual Cash Retainer$40,000
Lead Independent Director+$20,000
Committee Chair RetainersAudit $16,000; Compensation $12,000; NCGC $10,000
Committee Member RetainersAudit $8,000; Compensation $6,000; NCGC $5,000
Initial Option Grant (legacy)30,574 shares; 10‑year term; monthly vesting over 3 years; FMV strike
Annual Option Grant (legacy)15,287 shares; vests by earlier of 1 year or next AGM; FMV strike
Election Options (in lieu of cash)FMV strike; value equals elected cash; quarterly vesting
Amended (Nov 2025) Initial≤48,200 shares or ≤$400,000 Black‑Scholes; vest monthly over 3 years; full vest at change‑in‑control
Amended (Nov 2025) Annual≤24,100 shares or ≤$200,000 Black‑Scholes; 1‑year/next AGM vest; full vest at change‑in‑control

Related‑Party & Financing History (Selected)

TransactionPartyAmount/UnitsDate
Series B Preferred purchaseLightswitch Capital Fund I, L.P.1,250,000 shares; $7,500,000Apr 2022 – Jan 2023
Series C Preferred purchaseLightswitch‑affiliated entities1,342,778 shares; $6,328,714Nov 2023
Registration/Investor RightsLightswitch‑affiliated entities (among others)Registration rights survived IPOPost‑IPO

These transactions were subject to disclosure and the company’s related‑party policy (post‑IPO) with Audit Committee oversight .

Equity Ownership & Policy Protections

  • Beneficial ownership (Cox): 739,324 shares; 2.73% (includes options exercisable within 60 days) .
  • Insider trading policy prohibits hedging/derivative trading/shorting/margin and pledging of shares—mitigates misalignment risks .
  • Indemnification agreements with directors; D&O insurance maintained .

Governance Signals for Investors

  • Positive: Independent leadership, committee expertise, clear compensation policy, robust attendance, prohibition on hedging/pledging, and formal related‑party review processes support board effectiveness .
  • Watchlist: Lightswitch affiliation and significant stake while Cox chairs the Compensation Committee and serves as Lead Independent Director; monitor decisions on executive pay, equity grants, and related‑party engagements for strict adherence to independence and shareholder alignment. Change‑in‑control acceleration for director options is a potential misalignment signal in governance‑sensitive frameworks .
  • Capacity: Multiple external roles warrant ongoing monitoring for time commitment sufficiency; Board states it assesses “overboarding” risk and director commitments .