Bright Horizons Family Solutions - Q4 2023

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Greetings and welcome to the Bright Horizons Family Solutions Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Michael Flanagan, Vice President of Investor Relations. Thank you, Michael. You may begin.

Michael Flanagan (VP of Investor Relations)

Thanks, Paul. Welcome everyone to Bright Horizons' fourth quarter earnings call. Before we begin, please note that today's call is being webcast, and the recording will be available under the Investor Relations section of our website, brighthorizons.com. As a reminder to participants, any forward-looking statements made on this call, including those regarding future business, financial performance, and outlook, are subject to the Safe Harbor Statement included in our earnings release. Forward-looking statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual operating and financial results to differ materially and should be considered in conjunction with the cautionary statements that are described in detail in our earnings release 2022 Form 10-K, and other SEC filings. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date in which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

We may also refer to non-GAAP financial measures, which are detailed and reconciled to their GAAP counterparts in our earnings release, which is available under the Investor Relations section of our website at investors.brighthorizons.com. Joining me on today's call is our Chief Executive Officer, Stephen Kramer, and our Chief Financial Officer, Elizabeth Boland. Stephen will start by reviewing our results and provide an update on the business. Elizabeth will follow with a more detailed review of the numbers before we open it up to your questions. With that, let me turn the call over to Stephen.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thanks, Mike, and welcome to everyone who has joined the call. I am really pleased with how we finished the year, achieving better-than-expected revenue and EPS results in the fourth quarter. Performance for the full year was also strong, with full-service revenue expanding nearly 20% and Back-Up Care revenue surpassing the $500 million mark, up an impressive 26% in 2023. These accomplishments were driven by the focus, dedication, and execution of our talented teams who continue to work tirelessly to deliver our high-quality services. So to get into some of the specifics, in Q4, total revenue increased 16% to $616 million, which yielded adjusted EBITDA of $99 million and adjusted earnings per share of $0.83, an increase of 8% from the prior year. For the full year 2023, revenue of $2.4 billion represented growth of 20% with adjusted earnings per share of $2.84, expanding 9% over 2022.

In our full-service childcare segment, revenue increased 15% in the fourth quarter to $447 million. The drivers of this growth were enrollment and pricing, with centers that have been open for more than one year expanding enrollment at a high single-digit rate in Q4 and averaging 58%-60% occupancy. In the U.S., year-over-year enrollment increased 10% in these like centers, with double-digit growth in our younger age groups and mid- to high-single-digit growth in preschool age groups in Q4. Outside the U.S., enrollment increased at a mid-single-digit rate in the fourth quarter compared to Q4 of 2022. Although the operating environment in the U.K. continues to be challenging and a headwind to the performance of the overall full-service segment, enrollment growth in the U.K. improved modestly in Q4 compared to Q3, and we have seen that progress continue into the early part of 2024.

At the same time, we continue to rationalize our portfolio in the U.K. to ensure focus on centers with the greatest long-term viability and improve momentum in regaining operating profitability over time. In our Dutch and Australian operations, enrollment was in line with our expectations in Q4, and both portfolios continue to operate with occupancy levels averaging above 70%. Let me now turn to Back-Up Care, which delivered an outstanding quarter to finish the year. Revenue increased 24% to $135 million on strong utilization across our more than 1,100 clients. Traditional network use trended higher than our expectations as we ended the year. Use in Bright Horizons centers, network centers, and in-home were all strong, and these use cases continue to be the primary drivers for the backup business. We do continue to see solid growth across all care types.

We're encouraged by the growth opportunity from the newer use cases that we have introduced in the last couple of years as this broader portfolio enables us to serve a wider set of eligible client employees. 2023 was a tremendous year for Back-Up Care. We saw record interest and record use. I'm very encouraged by our ability to capture demand and operationally deliver for families in need of care. As I mentioned earlier, we reached an important milestone in 2023, surpassing $500 million in revenue. For context, Back-Up Care was a $300 million business in 2019, and over the last four years, its contribution to the company's revenue and profitability profile has grown significantly, along with its impact on families, employees, and clients.

Even as full-service continues its enrollment and earnings recovery, Back-Up Care is poised to be a structurally larger contributor to our go-forward earnings profile, and we are very excited about the continued growth opportunity in this segment. Our Education Advisory business delivered revenue of $34 million in the quarter. Notable new client launches in the quarter for EdAssist and College Coach, including Norfolk Southern, Standard Chartered, and VeriSign. The transformation of this segment is underway and focused on meeting the evolving upskilling and reskilling needs of employers and their employees. We continue to believe in and are investing against the large opportunity available in this market. As we turn to 2024, I want to take a moment to thank every member of the Bright Horizons family as well as our client partners who invest in these important services.

We made great progress this past year across many dimensions of our business. This could not have been achieved without their dedication and commitment to our core mission in delivering the highest quality education and care to children, families, learners, and our employer partners. A special shout-out to our teachers who cared for the children of the San Francisco 49ers in Las Vegas during the big game this past Sunday. A great example of how we support working families to integrate work and life. I believe we executed well against our near-term goals in 2023 while also making investments to strengthen our foundation to drive our success in the years to come. We made significant progress in rebuilding our staffing levels, increasing enrollment, expanding capacity and capabilities to support backup growth, and in the continued build-out of the infrastructure for our One Bright Horizons vision.

We enter 2024 on a solid footing and with good momentum, and we expect to see revenue growth of approximately 10%, resulting in revenue of $2.6 billion-$2.7 billion. On the earnings side, we are projecting adjusted EPS in the range of $3-$3.20 per share. With that, I'll turn the call over to Elizabeth, who will dive into the quarterly numbers and share more details around our 2024 outlook.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Great. Thank you, Stephen, and hi to everybody who's able to join us tonight. To recap the fourth quarter, overall revenue increased 16% to $616 million. Adjusted operating income of $64 million, or 10.3% of revenue, increased 15% over Q4 of 2022, while adjusted EBITDA of $99 million, or 16% of revenue, increased 10% over the prior year. We end the quarter with 1,049 centers, adding four new centers and closing 18 centers in the fourth quarter. To break this down a bit further, full-service revenue of $447 million was up 15% in Q4, at the high end of our expectations on increased enrollment and pricing. Enrollment in our centers open for more than one year increased in the high single digits across the portfolio.

As Stephen mentioned, occupancy levels averaged in the range of 58%-60% for Q4, as expected and consistent with Q3 levels given typical enrollment seasonality. U.S. enrollment was up 10%, and international enrollment increased in the mid-single digits over the prior year. In the center cohorts that we have discussed previously, we continue to show improvement over the prior year period. In Q4, our top-performing cohort, defined as above 70% occupancy, improved from 25% of our centers in Q4 of 2022 to 36% of our centers in Q4 of 2023. Our bottom cohort of centers, those operating under 40% occupied, represents 18% of centers as compared to 20% in the prior year period. Adjusted operating income of $13 million in the full-service segment increased $1 million over the prior year.

Higher tuition, higher enrollment, tuition increases, and improved operating leverage were largely muted by a $12 million reduction in support received from the ARPA government funding program over the prior year. As Stephen previewed, we are taking steps to rationalize our footprint in the U.K. to better position our portfolio and to improve operating performance over time. Specifically, we've closed 12 centers in the U.K. in 2023, including three locations in Q4, and have currently identified an additional 20-30 centers to close over the next 12-18 months. As we've discussed on prior calls, the U.K. full-service business had operated at margins in the high single digits in the years leading up to the pandemic but has been unprofitable in the last several years, losing approximately $30 million in adjusted operating income in 2023.

We expect the reduced operating costs associated with the footprint rationalization, along with improved staffing and enrollment gains in the remaining portfolio, to drive improved operating performance in the later part of 2024 and then into 2025. We will continue to focus on optimizing the portfolio in this new operating environment with a particular eye on the impact of expanded funding support for younger children, which is focused on defraying some of the cost of care for families. Turning to Back-Up Care, revenue grew 24% in the fourth quarter to $135 million, well ahead of the expectations we had to finish the year, and adjusted operating income was 30% of revenue, or $41 million, growing 25% over the prior year. As Stephen detailed, use volume was higher than we anticipated with strong use across care types, particularly in traditional center and in-home care.

Lastly, Educational Advisory segment reported $34 million of revenue and delivered operating margin of 29%. Our EdAssist and College Coach businesses grew revenue by 6% in the fourth quarter to $32 million, while the Sittercity marketplace business declined, resulting in an overall 2% growth in this segment for the quarter. Interest expense increased $2 million to $13 million in Q4, excluding the $1.5 million per quarter that we have had both in 2023 and in the second half of 2022 related to the deferred purchase price on our acquisition of Only About Children. The structural tax rate on adjusted net income increased to 28.3% in the quarter, an increase of 200 basis points over Q4 of 2022. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow, for the year, we generated $256 million in cash from operations compared to $188 million in 2022.

We invested $130 million in fixed asset investments and acquisitions in 2023. In 2022, we had invested $270 million, including the acquisition of Only About Children. We ended 2023 with $72 million of cash and a leverage ratio of 2.5x net debt-to-EBITDA, down from 3.25x at the end of 2022. Before I move on to guidance, I wanted to touch on a minor change in our segment reporting as the change will impact the growth comparisons in both our Education Advisory and Back-Up segments. Effective for the first quarter of 2024, we have moved the reporting of Sittercity from Education Advisory and other to the Back-Up Care segment to better reflect our operating structure. For clarity, we recast the prior year quarterly segment revenue and associated operating income comparisons in the 8-K filed with our earnings release.

Our 2024 Back-Up Care and EdAssist revenue guidance does reflect growth off of these 2023 restated comparisons. So now, moving on to our 2024 outlook. In terms of top line, we currently expect 2024 revenue to be $2.6 billion-$2.7 billion, which translates to growth in the range of 8%-12%. At a segment level, we expect full-service to increase roughly 8%-12% on enrollment gains and tuition increases, Back-Up Care to increase 10%-12% with higher use, and EdAssist to grow in the mid-single digits on expanded participation. In terms of earnings, we expect 2024 adjusted EPS to be in the range of $3-$3.20 per share. Similar to last year, there are some discrete items affecting our reported margins and earnings growth rates in 2024, specifically related to the end of ARPA funding and interest expense.

In the full year 2024, we expect those two items to account for an approximate $0.55 a share headwind to growth for the full year, reflecting the last claims of approximately $34 million of ARPA funding for P&L centers that we received in 2023 and an estimated increase of $10 million in interest expense. As we look specifically to Q1, our outlook is for total top line growth in the range of 10%-12%, again with full-service at that same rate, 10%-12%, backup growth of 10%-15%, and Ed Advisory in the mid-single digits. In terms of earnings, we expect Q1 adjusted EPS to be in the range of $0.42-$0.47 a share.

Regarding the discrete items that I mentioned above, we expect to have $3 million more in interest expense and a $15 million headwind from the ARPA support we had received in Q1 of 2023. We do expect the year-over-year earnings headwind from these two items to ease as we move through the year, with the combined headwind falling from $18 million in Q1 to approximately $12 million headwind in each of Q2 and Q3, and then only $2 million by the time we get to Q4 of 2024. So with that call, we are ready to go to Q&A.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We'll now be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. The confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star key. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Our first question is from Andrew Steinerman with JP Morgan. Please proceed with your question.

Andrew Steinerman (Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, Stephen. You saw it in the United States as ARPA funding faded, that the industry really kind of outside of Bright Horizons might struggle, and there might be an opportunity for increased M&A or just winning new clients. Now that ARPA has faded, what are you seeing in the broader industry in terms of the kind of the aftereffect?

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thanks for the question, Andrew. So as we stated, the ARPA funding ended at the end of September. And so we had always indicated that we felt that the effects of that would transpire over 2024 and into 2025. Competitors, specifically in our industry, tend to be individual owner-operators. They are very vocationally minded, and they ultimately will focus on families. They'll focus on their teachers and may do things that are uneconomic for some period of time. I think at this point, given that the funding isn't available, many of them are making decisions around pricing to try to capture some of the decrement that they're seeing in their economics. Others are looking at reducing their discounting that they were doing through the COVID period. And then others are looking at their wages and trying to figure out what they can do structurally to reduce wages.

So I think we're still in the early innings of the effects that we are possibly going to see from the elimination of the ARPA funding. And so there are isolated examples where owner-operators are turning in the keys or deciding to be acquired. But I think at this point, it's still very early in that process, and we expect the effects to unfold over the next 12-18 months.

Andrew Steinerman (Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Thank you.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thank you.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Our next question is from Stephanie Moore with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.

Stephanie Moore (SVP of Equity Research)

Hi. Good afternoon. Thank you. I was hoping you could touch a bit on your comment about footprint rationalization in 2024. I know on the quarter, you'd called about maybe making some changes and optimizing centers in the U.K. But as you just think of broad footprint rationalization, maybe talk about your expectations in the U.S. and outside the U.S. and what we should be kind of thinking about as a total center count by your end. Thanks.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Sure. So I can start and see if I touch on the question, and Stephen can add color. So 2024, as you say, we've called out a number of centers that we had circled up for closure in the U.K. And again, we're keeping an eye on how the effects of the expanded funding environment in the U.K. may impact demand in certain areas, but that's the main rationalization that we see. Overall, we would expect to close globally a similar number to what we closed this year, so with a total of 49 centers overall this year. And we would expect to see that again in 2024. Openings average around 25, so 20-30 new center adds, so a net reduction in overall center footprint of net 25 down. We ended the year at 1,049, so it'd be just over around 1,025 at the end of the year.

Stephanie Moore (SVP of Equity Research)

Okay. And just as a follow-up on that, as you think about the cohort of your business and the centers that are kind of at that lowest utilization level and certainly have made pretty meaningful progress year-over-year, but is there a potential to see maybe a more aggressive stance on some center rationalization just as you look at that lowest cohort? Or is that one lever you could pull to drive an improvement at that level? And if not, what are the opportunities to drive enrollment improvement at that lowest cohort? Thanks.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Yeah. Again, I'll start, and Stephen can add color. But the lowest cohort, as mentioned, is about 18% of the footprint on centers that have been open more than the group that we've been talking about. And so with regard to, there's closures, there's improving enrollment, and there's really having an eye on some of the opportunities that we see as demand continues to right-size. And as we are mindful of the impacts of what Stephen was just talking about on the overall marketplace on centers that may close and our ability to take on enrollment from those centers that are contracting the supply.

And also, as we continue to staff our centers and are able to take enrollment where demand has been persistently high, and we've been gated in taking all the enrollment demand that there is, that along with the realization that we look at where we see the best intersection of supply of centers, the demand for both our services, the client relationships that we have, and the affordability of care and the density of children under the age of five, and know that it takes a long time to site a new center and to open a new center. So we want to be careful about the rationalization timing and not get too far ahead of closing centers that just actually need more time.

Given the long lease life on so many of these centers, it's actually quite costly to close them when you can be waiting through this more challenging time in the interval, so.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Yeah. And I think the only thing I would add is, going back to Andrew's question, I think there is still a bit to play out here in the United States as it relates to the competitive environment. And so we're watching that really closely on a micro-market-by-micro-market basis. And then, as Elizabeth alluded to, in the U.K., the core challenge really stems from staffing. And so to the extent that we are able to make some progress as it relates to staffing and the cost associated with that staffing, I think we'll be able to potentially continue to see some progress of centers in the U.K. So I would just observe that some of it is about the macro environment as well as some of the competitive pressures that may ease over the next 12-18 months in both geographies.

Stephanie Moore (SVP of Equity Research)

Great. Thank you.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thank you.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Our next question is from George Tong with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.

George Tong (Senior Research Analyst)

Hi. Thanks. Good afternoon. You talked about occupancy rates averaging 58%-60% in the quarter. What occupancy rates are you assuming in your guidance for 2024? And if you could provide some perspectives by quarter, that'd be helpful too. Thanks.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

So sure, George. I'll start off again. Overall, the enrollment, as we look ahead to the full-service growth for next year, it's mainly a price and enrollment expansion story. And so with price increases in the mid-single digits, so around that 5% range on average, and enrollment also in the mid-single digits contributing to that top line growth rate offset by a bit of the headwind that would come from the closures we were just talking about, it's overall in that mid-single digits range. Of course, our highest-performing centers, that top cohort, is already quite fully occupied, so there's not a lot more enrollment gain to be had there. It would be coming more generally from that middle cohort of 40%-70% occupied or the real improver opportunity in the under 40% occupied group. So overall, that is what we are seeing from an enrollment growth standpoint.

It would be 60%-65% occupancy for the year, similar cadence to improving from Q1 is a growing quarter. Q2 is the top quarter. Q3 is sort of the retrenchment of enrollment over the summer, and then it would be pretty stable from Q3 to Q4. But that's the cadence of the cyclicality. But the 60%-65% is what we would guide to.

George Tong (Senior Research Analyst)

Got it. That's helpful. And just as a follow-up, given the latest operating costs that you've been seeing with respect to labor and facility costs, what do you expect incremental margins to be for full-service centers as enrollment continues to recover?

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

So we have a couple of factors, of course, coming into play with full-service. I mentioned in the prepared remarks the cessation, if you will, of the ARPA funding. So that's a $34 million or so headwind, and all in the full-service segment. We would be looking at operating margins to be in the low to mid-single digits overall for the year, taking into account that ARPA, sort of ex-ARPA results that we will have in 2024. And that's representative of the mix of centers that we have in the performance. That top-performing cohort is back to our pre-COVID operating margin levels in that high single digits, 8%-10%. They are certainly performing there as we had expected.

The group that's in the middle, that 40%-70% cohort, has a bit more room to go both with enrollment and because of the headwind that we see in the U.K. in particular. That's where a lot of the U.K. centers exist. They have a group that is in the bottom cohort, but a number of their centers are in that middle group as well. And so with the underperformance and the cost structure in the U.K., we would see more like a mid-single digits plus in that group. And then, of course, the bottom cohort is not positive yet. At the under 40% occupied, they need to be certainly over 40% and closer to 50% to be more in the profitable range. So overall, we would see that blending out.

It would pencil out to the low to mid-single digits for the year, but with some good green shoots from both the top cohorts and just looking at the portfolio without the headwind that we see in the UK.

George Tong (Senior Research Analyst)

Got it. Very helpful. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Our next question is from Manav Patnaik with Barclays. Please proceed with your question.

Manav Patnaik (Managing Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Thank you. I just wanted to focus on Back-Up. So the 26% growth that you had this year, I was just hoping you could help just break that out by how much of that was new clients, the credit utilization phenomena you talked about before, how much was it the addition of Steve & Kate's Camp, and all these other services and acquisitions you've thrown in, and just why you're guiding such a big deceleration for 2024.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Yeah. So thanks, Manav. So certainly, we're excited about the 26% growth that we achieved in 2023. Look, this is a utilization-based service. So the vast majority in any given year of improvement is really from more use. And so that is both a combination of existing and new clients. But at the end of the day, the number of new clients as well as the fact that they take time to season in are really a small portion of that growth. Most of that growth comes from increasing usage among our clients that have been with us. I'd say the other piece of it is that the majority of the growth was from our traditional in-center and in-home use cases. Certainly, we saw nice growth in the newer use cases, but that was not the majority of the growth.

So really thinking about it as the install-base, growing use in traditional care types as the vast majority of the growth that we achieved. When we look out to 2024, first, just observing that we did 26% growth in 2023. We did 17% growth in 2022. So this is sort of a double year of increasingly difficult comps, and so we're mindful of that. And as I just said, as a utilization-based service, we're really focused on continuing to drive greater penetration of users and use. But we need to be mindful of continuing to build out supply ahead of the use as well as being mindful of the continued acceleration of client budgets that have occurred over the last several years. So that's where we land on a delivery of 10%-12% growth in our backup segment for 2024.

Manav Patnaik (Managing Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Got it. And Elizabeth, maybe just on the margins, if you could help us, how we should think about the margins of that growth or what the incremental margins are. I know you said you were going to keep kind of investing in that business, but any help there for the year would be nice.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

You're asking about Back-Up Care? Is that what you said?

Manav Patnaik (Managing Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Yeah. Back-Up Care. Yep. Correct.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Yeah. So Back-Up Care, we would continue to expect a 25%-30% EBIT margin similar to what you've seen us do. I think that's the balance of both the expanded use and then the fact that we are investing in both the systems and the user experience. Much of that is baked into the cost structure. And then we have the third-party providers that we pay. That's the other direct cost. So we think we can sustain that level of 25%-30%. In the advising business, it would be a little bit there is more investment on that front in 2024, so it would be closer to 20% operating margin we would expect for the year.

Operator (participant)

Our next question is from Josh Chan with UBS. Please proceed with your question.

Josh Chan (Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Hi. Good afternoon, Stephen and Elizabeth. Maybe continuing the discussion on Back-Up Care, as you look out a couple of years, how sustainable do you feel like the double-digit type of growth rate is? And to what extent will the opportunity then be comprised of new clients as opposed to continuing to drive up the usage? Thank you.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Yeah. So we certainly see the opportunity to continue to drive 10%-12% growth over many years. And a lot of that will continue to come from expanding the number of users and then ultimately expanding the use. I think something that certainly we will continue to do R&D around is continuing to broaden the number of use types as well, use cases. So we really see it as something where we have the ability to continue to increase the penetration among the eligible lives, along with continuing to broaden the number of use cases being a predominance of the growth. And then on top of that, obviously, there continues to be interest at the client level. So adding new clients over time is the other component to the growth algorithm.

Josh Chan (Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Thank you for that color. And on the full-service side, I think you called out the EBIT headwind from the U.K. in 2023. Is there a way to kind of ballpark how much that loss could potentially narrow based on the actions that you're contemplating for 2024?

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Yeah. So we did call that out that it was around a $30 million. It was a loss at that level in 2023. So we would expect that to ease by $5 million-$10 million, likely in 2024. So still not getting fully to profitability, but making more headway in the back half of the year against that objective. And the view then, of course, is that we'd be looking into 2025 and beyond for really a full return to profitability across the full-service portfolio back to where we were pre-COVID in the high single digits.

Josh Chan (Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Thank you for the color, and thank you both for your time.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Our next question is from Toni Kaplan with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.

Toni Kaplan (Executive Director and Equity Research Lead Analyst)

Thanks very much. I was hoping you could give a little bit more color on the $36 million impairment and what assets are being impaired. Is this just underperforming centers? And I guess what's the rationale from being able to add back those expenses? I know you did it last year as well, but just wanted to understand it better.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Sure. So the impairment relates to centers. And so this would be the right-of-use asset from a lease standpoint and the ability to recover the lease obligation and then the leasehold improvements associated with centers that either are slated to close—that's a good chunk of those that have been impaired—but also centers that have an operating performance and a cash flow generation that doesn't clear the sort of accounting convention of a long-term recovery of the right-of-use asset and the leasehold improvements. And so from the standpoint of adding it back, I think our view is that it's a standout expense that is non-recurring in the context of recovery from the pandemic.

We have had some impairments over the last couple of years as we've continued to refine the book that we are operating and the portfolio as we see it evolving over the years of recovery. But it is certainly an outsized expense that is not as predictable. And so I feel like it's best to isolate it so that people can see it and understand where it's coming from. One of the things to point out about it, of course, is that it is an accounting convention, how this is determined. And some of the challenge in a market like we are in is to, with long-life assets, with leases, to estimate what you may be able to sublease the space for in an environment where landlords are being fairly sticky with their desire to negotiate. And so that certainly comes into play.

Toni Kaplan (Executive Director and Equity Research Lead Analyst)

Got it. And for Ed Advisory, the last two quarters, the margins were down year-over-year. Is that related to technology investments that you've been making? And maybe if it is, if you could give some color on what technology investments you're making in that area. Thanks.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Sure, Toni. So yeah. So the quick answer is that we've been making investments in people. We've been making investments in technology. And we've called out the fact that this is an area that we are focused on transformation. It's going to be a multi-year transformation. And we believe that we are going to be able to deploy a similar playbook that we used for Back-Up Care in that we're going to invest in the product. We're going to invest in the technology. We're going to invest in the personalized marketing efforts, but really see quite a large opportunity in the concept of supporting our employer clients to upskill and reskill their employees and believe that we're particularly well-positioned. So as Elizabeth stated, our expectation in 2024 is that we'll run at a 20% margin.

That represents a degradation in margin with a clear focus on investing in this particular segment.

Toni Kaplan (Executive Director and Equity Research Lead Analyst)

Terrific. Thank you.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thank you.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Thanks, Toni.

Operator (participant)

Our next question is from Jeff Silber with BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.

Jeff Silber (Managing Director)

Thank you so much. I think you said something about expanding funding support in the U.K. I'm not sure if I got that right. But if I did, can you just give us a little bit more color on that?

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Sure. So the U.K. has long had a funding support that is to parents. So it's called Free Entitlement. That's an overstatement of what it is. But it generally provides 15 hours of care and has provided 15 hours of care at a supported tuition rate for three- to five-year-olds. That was expanded or has been expanded now to encompass two-year-olds starting in April of this year and then will be further made available down to the infant age groups to nine months old and above as the U.K. is looking to make childcare more affordable to families. And they have also expanded the funding for families that are in more economic straits. So some families are eligible for up to 30 hours, but a more general availability is for 15 hours of care is supported for 38 weeks a year.

The upshot of it is that it can help parents pay for 25%, 35% or so of the care that they may need. It has the opportunity to drive more demand for us. It is not a revenue enhancer per se because the funding is to support the parents' tuition, but it is an opportunity to drive more demand.

Jeff Silber (Managing Director)

Okay. That's great. I know you've talked about this before, but it's good to get more of the color. Then at a higher level, probably more in the U.S., but maybe this can apply globally as well. I know there's been some arguments back and forth in terms of working from home and the move back towards the office, how that impacts your business. It seems like more companies maybe they're not going back to five days a week, but three to four seems to be more of a push, at least this year. Any impact on your business that you've seen or you think you're going to see?

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

So look, I think we have had sort of a really good flow of information from our client base, right? So we have quite a number of clients who have been sharing with us what their return-to-office plans have been over the last several years. It certainly feels like, as you point out, Jeff, that three to four days a week seems to be pretty standard at this point. And ultimately, we have always indicated that where someone is working the majority of the time is where they ultimately are going to want care for five days a week. And so on the margin, we have had stronger occupancy in our client-based centers actually over many quarters now because there is a real reason for our client employees to leverage the high-quality opportunity to use their on-site centers.

Ultimately, we feel good about the portfolio that we have and the footprint that we have in this evolving landscape. Again, I think that in the same way that we always describe our business as sort of a longer-arc kind of business, it's not that we saw or are seeing a significant increase based on this trend, but it is something that ultimately has upward positive benefit to it.

Jeff Silber (Managing Director)

Okay. That's very helpful. Thanks so much.

Stephen Kramer (CEO, President and Director)

Thank you. Okay. Well, thank you all for joining us this evening, and have a great rest of the day.

Elizabeth Boland (CFO)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.