Blackstone Secured Lending Fund - Q1 2024

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good day and welcome to the Blackstone Secured Lending First Quarter 2024 investor call. Today's conference is being recorded. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. If you require operator assistance at any time, please press star zero If you'd like to ask a question, please signal by pressing star one on your telephone keypad. If you're using a speakerphone, please make sure your mute function is turned off to allow your signal to reach our equipment. At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to Stacy Wang, Head of Shareholder Relations. Please go ahead.

Stacy Wang (Head of Shareholder Relations)

Thank you, Katie. Good morning and welcome to Blackstone Secured Lending Fund's first quarter conference call. Joining me today are Brad Marshall and Jonathan Bock, Co-Chief Executive Officers; Carlos Whitaker, President; and Teddy Desloge, Chief Financial Officer. Earlier this morning, we issued a press release and slide presentation of our results and filed our 10-Q, both of which are available on the shareholder section of our website, www.bxsl.com. We will be referring to that presentation throughout today's call. I'd like to remind you that today's call may include forward-looking statements which are uncertain and outside of the firm's control and may differ materially from actual results. We do not undertake any duty to update these statements. For some of the risks that could affect results, please see the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K.

This audio cast is copyright material of Blackstone and may not be duplicated without consent. With that, I'd like to turn over the call to Brad Marshall.

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Thank you, Stacy, and good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining our call this morning. So turning to this morning's agenda, I'm going to start with some high-level thoughts before Jon, Carlos, and Teddy go into some more details around our portfolio and this quarter's results. BXSL reported another strong quarter of results, including net investment income, or NII, of $0.87 per share, representing a 13.1% annualized return on equity. Our NII per share was impacted by $0.02 per share from accrued capital gains incentives. These results reflect continued strong credit performance with a minimal non-accrual rate of 0.1% at cost and a robust 11.8% weighted average yield on debt investments, benefiting from the current elevated rate environment. We also had the second-best quarter since our IPO from an earnings standpoint, with net income of $0.96 per share, which resulted in a NAV per share increase to $26.87.

Our distribution of $0.77 per share is well covered at 113% and represents an 11.5% annualized distribution yield, one of the highest among our traded BDC peers, with as much of their portfolio invested in first lien senior secured assets with BXSL at 98.5%. Moving to Slide 5. As we discussed last quarter, we've been positioning BXSL for an anticipated ramp-up in deal activity. We saw the start of that cycle in the fourth quarter, which has continued into the first quarter of this year. We had nearly $1.2 billion in new investments commitments at par, which was the most active quarter since 2021. Further, we had $719 million of fundings, 98% of which were into first lien senior secured debt, and overall had an average LTV of 44.5%.

This reflects our continued focus on first-lien senior secured loans in high-quality companies with what we believe are better risk-adjusted returns. Additionally, new transactions for the quarter had a weighted average spread of approximately 570 basis points, with an average OID of 174 basis points, and over two years of call protection, representing approximately 11.4% all-in yield to maturity. Our commitment activity during the quarter aligns with the focus on our high-conviction investment themes. We leverage BXCI's incumbent relationships to originate opportunities in attractive industries, for example, IT services and software, benefiting from a wide network of internal sources, including a public portfolio of over 2,700 credits and from our existing portfolio in BXSL of over 250 private companies. Our repayment activity was partially in industries that may experience more cyclicality, including electrical equipment and energy equipment and services, a portfolio rotation that we believe supports ongoing quality.

Just looking at the past two quarters collectively, we have seen more commitment activity than the preceding seven quarters combined and see this momentum carrying through into the second quarter as BXCI utilizes our global platform, including BXCI's expanded European credit platform, and seeks to create what we believe to be quality deal flow for our investors. Despite a period of slower M&A activity, we see our continued deal flow being driven from four primary factors. First, BXSL benefits from having positions across 210 portfolio companies that, in the absence of being sold, may look to grow through debt and equity finance acquisitions. Second, with BXCI's incumbency across over 4,500 issuers globally, we believe our scale and existing relationships help to drive deal flow. In fact, approximately 65% of BXSL's Q1 fundings were to incumbent borrowers of BXCI.

Third, we have deepened our focus on specialization across sectors that we believe have long-term tailwinds. For example, in April, we opened a new credit office alongside our life science private equity colleagues in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where our Global Head of Healthcare, Brad Colman, along with colleague Jonathan Brayman, will expand our presence. This is an area that is highly specialized and in great need of knowledgeable expertise. Finally, we continue to hear from companies that seek services offered by BXCI's Value Creation program during a period of heightened inflation. While the services we provide are not a silver bullet, they can be quite additive, and as such, we believe a partnership with Blackstone is valued by sponsors in the market.

You'll hear more from the team, but I am particularly excited about the overall quality of our earnings, the continued improvement in NAV, and our ability to lean into pipeline to drive income for our investors. With that, I'll pass it over to my colleague, Jonathan.

Jonathan Bock (Co-CEO)

Thank you, Brad. Let's jump to Slide 6. Now, we ended the quarter with $10.4 billion of investments, an increase from $9.9 billion in Q4. Now, this resulted in a modest increase in ending leverage of 1.03 times and an average leverage of approximately 0.98 times, given the timing of some of our investment fundings. We maintain our strong liquidity position at $1.4 billion comprised of cash and available borrowing capacity across our revolving credit facilities, including ABLs, to lean into that expanded pipeline that Brad mentioned. The weighted average base rates over the quarter expanded approximately 50 basis points on our nearly 99% floating-rate debt portfolio compared to Q1 last year as rates remained elevated. While spreads have modestly compressed, weighted average all-in yield on debt investments at fair value remains attractive at 11.8% this quarter compared to 12% last quarter.

New investments continue to be accretive to our net investment income. The yields on new debt investment fundings and assets sold and repaid during the quarter averaged 11.4% and 11.9%, respectively. Now, let's take a look at the portfolio. Jump to Slide 7. Approximately 99% of BXSL investments are in first lien senior secured loans, and 99% of those loans are to companies owned by financial sponsors who have significant equity value in these capital structures, demonstrated by an average loan-to-value of 47.8%. And as Brad noted, our non-accruals are still at only 0.1% at cost. Our portfolio also starts from a strong LTM EBITDA base, averaging $193 million, a 6% increase from last year.

This is more than two times larger than the private credit market, where we also see continued strength of performance from larger companies, the bedrock of our portfolio, relative to their smaller EBITDA counterparts on both growth and defaults. BXSL's portfolio, as compared to the broader private credit market measured by the Lincoln International Private Market Database, has seen growth rates in line with the broader market and over 15% more profitability on an LTM EBITDA margin basis. Now, we continue to stress the importance of interest coverage. The LTM EBITDA coverage based on average LTM EBITDA for BXSL portfolio companies over the last 12 months, that was 1.6 times in Q1, which again compares favorably to the Lincoln Database for the broader private credit market at 1.4 times average coverage in Q1.

On an LTM basis, only 2.4% of the portfolio has interest coverage below one time, versus 16% for the broader private credit market, of which 75% of this population represents companies with EBITDA less than $50 million. Now, further, Slide 8. This focuses on our industry exposure. In Q1, the number of portfolio companies in BXSL increased to 210, while we maintain nearly 90% of exposure to historically lower default-rate industries, including nearly 40% of funded deals to new portfolio companies in software and IT services, our top conviction areas as we continue to build out expertise, as Brad mentioned. Now, I'll conclude with a point on amendment activity. Amendment activity continues to be relatively benign as the performance of the portfolio remains strong.

In the first quarter, there were 45 amendments for BXSL private investments, the vast majority of which were associated with add-ons, DDTL extensions, or other technical matters. With that, I'd like to turn it over to Carlos.

Carlos Whitaker (President)

Thanks, Jon. To expand on Brad's point regarding deal activity, I'd like to take a few minutes to dive into a new deal for the quarter: a $2 billion debt financing for Park Place, a leading provider of third-party maintenance for data centers, and an incumbent portfolio company that we knew well. This marked one of the largest private financings to take out syndicated debt in the quarter. BXCI not only led but also committed, along with third parties, 90% of the total financing package across the capital structure. We believe several key differentiating factors allowed BXCI to win the deal. First, scale. BXCI has the ability to commit quickly in size, taking down the vast majority of a very scaled loan package, something we believe few in the market can match. Second, incumbency. We leverage BXCI's existing anchor position in the syndicated loan and strong relationship with the sponsor.

Third, value creation. As an existing position for BXCI, Park Place has been a telling story for our value creation program. The borrower was introduced to Blackstone portfolio companies through cross-sell as a preferred provider and became active in a number of portfolio companies and had already experienced the benefits of our partnership approach. Fourth, deep diligence and sector knowledge. We utilized our internal Blackstone expertise, technologists, and differentiated market insights in data centers, along with strong prior institutional knowledge of Park Place. In fact, digital infrastructure, particularly data centers, is one of our highest conviction investment themes across Blackstone, with $50 billion of data centers owned or under construction globally, which also includes QTS, the largest data center company in North America today. Finally, flexibility. BXCI offered a one-stop service with multiple tranches of debt, creating ample flexibility best suited for Park Place's need.

In an increasingly competitive private credit market, we believe we differentiate ourselves as not just a lender but also a value-added partner, helping credits grow equity value. BXSL borrowers are offered full access to BXCI's value creation program through cross-sell opportunities, cost-savings procurement, and capabilities, including cybersecurity and data science, all at no additional cost because we understand the end benefit to the investment portfolio. With that, I'll turn it to Teddy.

Teddy Desloge (CFO)

Thanks, Carlos. I'll start with our operating results on Slide 10. In the first quarter, BXSL's net investment income was $166 million and $0.87 per share. While our total investment income remained consistent with Q4, net investment income on a dollar basis decreased primarily as a result of a full-quarter impact of the fee waiver, which expired near the end of October, and capital gains-based incentive fees accrued in the first quarter. BXSL recorded its highest quarterly GAAP net income and second highest in per-share terms since IPO at $184 million at $0.96 per share, respectively, up 12% from a year ago. Total investment income for the quarter was up $39 million, or 15% year-over-year, driven by increased interest income primarily due to higher interest rates.

It is important to highlight the high quality of our earnings, as interest income excluding PIK fees and dividends represented approximately 93% of total investment income in the quarter. Turning to the balance sheet on slide 11, we ended the quarter with $10.4 billion of total portfolio investments at fair value, $5.3 billion of outstanding debt, and approximately $5.2 billion of total net assets. With our strong earnings in excess of the distribution in the quarter, as well as healthy fundamentals and tightening spreads supporting asset values, NAV per share increased to $26.87, up from $26.66 last quarter. This represented the sixth consecutive quarter of NAV per share growth. Moving to Slide 12.

In addition, we saw the fourth consecutive quarter of commitment growth, as Brad outlined, with BXSL committing to nearly $1.2 billion in the quarter, funding $719 million, and an estimated additional $347 million committed by BXCI, an earmark for BXSL as of March 31st. We expect to see continued momentum through the second quarter and into the back half of the year. Repayments remained relatively muted at $181 million in the quarter, or a 7% annualized repayment rate. Next, Slide 13 outlines what we believe to be our attractive and diverse liability profile, which includes 53% of drawn debt in unsecured bonds. Our unsecured bonds have a weighted average fixed coupon of less than 3%, which we view as a key advantage in this elevated rate environment and contributed to an overall weighted average interest rate on our borrowings of 5.1%.

This compares to a weighted average yield at fair value on our debt investments of 11.8%. Additionally, we have no maturities on our liabilities until 2026, and our debt and funding facilities have an overall weighted average maturity of 3.2 years. The strength of BXSL's funding profile has been recognized by rating agencies as well. We previously noted that BXSL earned an improved outlook from Moody's to Baa3 positive. This quarter, we earned a notch upgrade from Fitch to BBB flat. We ended the quarter with $1.4 billion of liquidity in cash and undrawn debt available to borrow, providing us with significant capacity for continued portfolio growth. Ending leverage at March 31st was 1.03 times, up from one times at year-end. We have positioned our balance sheet to have what we believe is ample capital to deploy into what we expect will be a growing opportunity set through year-end.

In closing, we are moving forward from what we believe is a position of strength, with underlying earnings power, credit performance, and investment capabilities, and an optimized balance sheet that distinguish us in the market. We will strive to remain laser-focused on delivering returns and protecting investors' capital. With that, I'll ask the operator to open up for questions. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. As a reminder, please press star 1 on your telephone to ask a question. We ask you to limit yourself to one question and one follow-up to allow as many questions as possible. We'll go first to Melissa Wedel with JPMorgan.

Melissa Wedel (Analyst)

Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions today. Definitely took your point about the higher volume and level of activity in the first quarter and that you're looking for that to continue into the second quarter. A point of clarification on that: is that on a growth basis, or are you also expecting net originations to remain elevated, certainly noting that repayment activity was particularly low, it seems, in relation to growth originations in the first quarter?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Hi, Melissa. It's Brad. I'll take that question. When we talk about origination, obviously, we're talking about both on a growth basis. But really, what grows the portfolio is, as you point out, on a net basis. And we continue to expect that the portfolio will grow on a net basis. On deals that are repaying, they feel somewhat muted or we're kind of extending our exposure. There's a little bit less turnover in the market right now. And on the growth basis, we're just seeing more and more capital solutions that we're able to provide for issuers right now.

Melissa Wedel (Analyst)

Okay. Appreciate that. Following up on the level of activity during the quarter, I'm wondering if there was anything in terms of a timing impact that we should think about, whether originations were skewed towards the end of the quarter or it was more evenly distributed versus timing of repayments. Thanks so much.

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yeah. No, you hit the nail on the head. It was definitely skewed to the end of the quarter, which is why you saw leverage on a quarter-end higher than what the average leverage was, and some of the commitments spilled over into the second quarter.

Melissa Wedel (Analyst)

Got it. Is there any? Have you quantified a rough estimate on what the impact to NII might have been from that timing during the quarter?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

No, we haven't quantified it.

Melissa Wedel (Analyst)

Okay. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We'll go next to Mark Hughes with Truist.

Mark Hughes (Analyst)

Yeah. Thank you very much. You talked about the spreads being compressed a bit. I wonder if you could quantify that at all, kind of your typical spread in Q1 versus what you might anticipate on the deals that are in the pipeline now?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yeah. So I would say you've seen some spread compression in some areas, and you've seen no spread compression in other areas. Really depends on the type of deal, whether it's clubbed up or whether it's a proprietary deal that's kind of driving the spreads. So if you look at the fourth quarter, we were about 11.7% on new deals. This quarter, we were 11.4%. By the way, if you look at that on more of a yield-to-three-year basis, it gets closer to 12%. And if you look at kind of the assets that we did during the quarter, they range from 11%-13%. Speaking to my point earlier, it really depends on the type of deal.

The one thing that we don't kind of highlight, and we should probably do a better job of this, but the spread for unit of risk has actually come down, if you look at it on a comparative basis, to, let's say, 2021. So just because rates are higher, companies are taking a little bit less leverage. Deals are set up with lower loan-to-value. So spread per unit of risk is fairly constant. And then in terms of on a go-forward basis, you'll continue to see this range. You'll see deals that will be closer to 11%, and you'll see deals that kind of are north of 12%. But overall, I would say the market, putting us aside, the market has seen something like 50-75 basis points of spread compression since the start of the year.

Mark Hughes (Analyst)

Thank you for that. And then you'd mentioned that more of your existing portfolio companies are doing M&A. Is that part of the strong pipeline that even existing companies are increasing borrowing for M&A purposes? Is that part of this, or is that just kind of an ongoing dynamic?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

I think what you're seeing is sponsors are holding onto their assets for longer. So you're seeing less sale processes. So they're looking at their existing assets and trying to find ways to grow them, either operationally or through acquisition. So we've seen more companies look for growth capital in order to grow their businesses. So I expect that to continue for the balance of the year. But the other part of kind of what we're trying to do is look across our broader portfolio and see where private capital solutions are a better solution for the company versus the public debt that they may have trading in the market today. So that was the example Carlos went through with Park Place. We just came up with a better mousetrap and better capital structure for their long-term growth objectives.

And that's kind of where that's what's driving a lot of our deal flow, this ability to use our scale, go into the market, create deals. So while maybe others are seeing more muted deal activity, our deal activity is really starting to accelerate.

Mark Hughes (Analyst)

Appreciate that. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We'll go next to Paul Johnson with KBW.

Paul Johnson (Analyst)

Yeah. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Kind of on your last question here, but last quarter, you kind of talked about 100 deals or so that you had identified in the market that were potential repricing opportunities, kind of away from syndicated markets. It sounds like you've capitalized on some of those. How many of those deals do you think you kind of executed on this quarter, and do you still think you have a number of those opportunities left today?

Jonathan Bock (Co-CEO)

Hey, Paul. This is Bock. So I would say if we're thinking about the tighter spread environment and you recall comments from the prior call, this is essentially where we're using incumbency to our advantage, right? And the goal is to retain the assets that are more susceptible to repayments as a result of the tightening spread environment. And those are loans that have either above-market spreads, they've outperformed, and it's where we have call protection generally that's rolled off. Now, in those situations, we'll often agree to new terms for an existing portfolio company, and that includes market or above-current liquid market spreads and also receive extended call protection among a few other improvements.

So to get to the question, this quarter, it was about less than 4% of the portfolio had some spread tightening as a result of that, at around 50-60 basis points on average. We received an additional one and a half years of call protection. So still well within the range of new unitranche financings on companies that we know and like. I would say that that was rather muted. More importantly, as we continue to drive additional flow throughout our broader origination framework, it's a nice complement to ensure that we're retaining attractive assets at the same time, to Brad's comment, growing into new portfolio companies as well.

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Maybe just talk about the pipeline. We go through this exercise of trying to identify deals like Park Place. Maybe it's in our public portfolio. Maybe it's somewhere else in our private portfolio and create those what we call reverse kind of originations, so ideas that we're reversing into the sponsor or the company. At the start of the year, we had 98 of those that we were working through, and we're still chipping our way through that list. Not all of them will resonate. Not all of them will work out like Park Place did. There's a pretty healthy kind of backlog of those deals that we're doing diligence on and negotiating with private equity sponsors.

Paul Johnson (Analyst)

Thank you. That's very helpful. Then last one for me is just, I guess, kind of general outlook on net leverage for the year. Activity is obviously hard to predict, and that took a lot of capacity for growth. But kind of given the environment, do you guys have any preference in terms of where you're sort of operating at in terms of your leverage range? Thanks.

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yeah. So we ended the quarter right above one turn, so near the low end of the range. I would say we've taken some intentional steps here to build capacity to deploy in what we see is a growing opportunity set, both from a volume standpoint and the fact that at 11.4% new investment yield, that's very creative to our dividend. So we have quite a bit of capacity to deploy. I don't think there's any change in message in terms of leverage. Target sort of 1-1.25 is what we've said historically, and I'd expect that we're in that range through the back half of the year.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We'll go next to Kenneth Lee with RBC.

Kenneth Lee (Analyst)

Hey. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Just one on the liability side. How do you think about the outlook for the potential funding mix on the liability side, especially given the rates outlook? Just wanted to see some of the thoughts there. Thanks.

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yeah. We have a lot of optionality today. Bock mentioned it, $1.4 billion of liquidity, no maturities this year. We have 53% of our exposure today that's in unsecured bonds. We have seen quite a bit of tightening in the market. For example, our five-year bond is at sort of 160 over Treasury today. That's in 65 basis points versus the BDC index of closer to 215. So that is relative to even secured liabilities, is historically kind of near all-time tights just from a spread perspective. So significant optionality. We'll be opportunistic with it. We do have liabilities that were put in place a couple of years ago at an average cost of capital of SOFR +200. So we have that to grow into as well.

Kenneth Lee (Analyst)

Gotcha. Great. And just one follow-up on in terms of the pipeline and what you're seeing broadly across the BXCI platform, wonder if I could just get a little bit more color around the activity. Is it fair to say that most of it is around growth capital, or is it just you're seeing a lot of refi activity? Just want to get a little bit more granularity around that. Thanks.

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Sure, Ken. Yeah. It's a mix of public to privates, add-on activity in existing portfolio companies, some refinancings out of the public markets, some refinancing out of the private markets. I would say it's a pretty healthy balance between all of those. I would say what's lagging is just regular way sponsor-to-sponsor M&A activity. But even that, we've seen an inflection point probably about three weeks ago in terms of that volume starting to pick up. You won't see it because it takes a while for these deals to happen for another quarter or so. But that activity is really starting to pick up as well.

Kenneth Lee (Analyst)

Gotcha. Very helpful there. Thanks again.

Operator (participant)

We'll go next to Robert Dodd with Raymond James.

Robert Dodd (Analyst)

Hi, guys. Good morning. I've got a question on PIK, right? So PIK this quarter stepped up again. It's about a little north of 6.5% of total investment income, roughly slightly less than double where it was a year ago. Can you give us any color on the drivers there? I mean, how much of that is structured as PIK versus modified PIK? Obviously, Benefit Street was modified, but that was a while ago. So can you give us any color on the drivers for that direction with you?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yep. You're right. 6.5% of income Q1 was PIK. That was up modestly over last quarter. Nearly all of that was driven by one issuer that previously did have PIK flexibility through Q3. That was part of the original deal. We did agree to extend that beginning in Q1. That company, by the way, has almost tripled EBITDA since we closed. If you look at our PIK concentration, five companies represent about 85% of PIK exposure. All of those were originally set up with partial PIK flexibility, and we would characterize as performing. They're all marked sort of high 90s above 97. So I think it's a tool in certain cases that we will use to differentiate versus the syndicated market. That can come in a couple of different forms. But overall, our PIK activity was fairly concentrated to performing assets. And thank you, Robert.

Robert, those companies that are PIKing, they're not 100% PIK. So if their coupon is 12%, 80% of that is being paid in cash, and more like 20% is PIKing.

Robert Dodd (Analyst)

Got it. Thank you. Since you brought up Park Place, I'll go about that. So it's a $2 billion facility now. I mean, three years ago, obviously, they've made acquisitions since, but could you walk us through it in terms of three years ago, it was a first-lien, second-lien $1 billion with a blended spread at like 575. Now it's $2 billion with a delayed draw taken out with a blended spread at, I think, 525. So could you give us obviously, I don't think the leverage is any higher, but what's the thought process for you? And you were in the second lien before. What's the thought process of going to unitranche for that particular structure? I mean, for them, more for you.

I mean, obviously, they choose in terms of that because it's gone to all uni with a dividend taken out, with a lower spread and less OID, I presume, as well. So is it just that much better a business today than it was three years ago?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yeah. That's not exactly accurate, Robert. So it's actually a first-lien and pref capital structure. So what you had was an all-cash-pay first-, second-lien capital structure. The company continues to grow, wants growth capital. So we approached the company and said, "Why don't we do a first-lien security and put a big pref that's 100% PIK behind that? That'll free up your cash flow in order to continue to grow. We'll give you some additional growth capital to do some acquisitions." So it was highly strategic to them on two fronts. One, gave them more flexible capital structure. Two, freed up a lot of cash flow. And the junior part of that capital structure sits in kind of higher-risk-oriented funds, and the first lien sits in our lower-risk strategy. So I would not characterize that as a unitranche. It's a first-lien plus PIK pref.

And by the way, the momentum. I'll just add to that. The momentum in data centers is an incredible opportunity. Carlos hit on this, but Blackstone across QTS and Digital Realty owns something like $100 billion in equity in data centers. We are highly strategic to assets like Park Place, and we think the long-term tailwinds in this sector are enormous. It's one of Blackstone's key investment theses if you've kind of listened to John Gray kind of highlight this on previous earnings calls, but it is something that we're very bullish on.

Robert Dodd (Analyst)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We'll take our final question from Casey Alexander with Compass Point.

Casey Alexander (Analyst)

Yeah. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. This is just more of a curiosity. Over the last couple of years, when the deal activity was more prevalent, you guys were expanding in software. There was a lot of software around the market. I'm just curious if the composition industry-wise of deals being introduced has changed. And if so, what kind of industries are you guys seeing opportunities in it? And what kind of industries does it look like private equity seems to be centered on if we're kind of starting a new cycle of deal flow here?

Brad Marshall (Co-CEO)

Yeah. I wouldn't say there's any material change over the last couple of years as where we're focused. What you see is more of an intentional focus on quality, right? Larger companies in the right parts of the market. We're in this period where we've seen inflation abate a little bit, but we are seeing a deceleration of growth really across the economy. If you look at default rates, for instance, in direct lending, you see some of the cyclical, more capital-intensive businesses at the higher end of the range, north of 4% default rates, whereas services and software are less than 2%. I think that's where the majority of the capital is going, both from a credit perspective and an equity perspective.

Casey Alexander (Analyst)

Yeah. Okay. That's my only question. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

With no additional questions in queue at this time, I'd like to turn the call back over to Ms. Wang for any additional or closing remarks.

Stacy Wang (Head of Shareholder Relations)

No, that would be all. Thank you all for joining us this quarter. We look forward to speaking to you next quarter. Thanks, everyone.

Operator (participant)

Goodbye.