Hawaiian Airlines - Q1 2023

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Greetings, welcome to the Hawaiian Holdings, Inc. First Quarter 2023 Financial Results Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Marcy Morita, Managing Director of Investor Relations. Thank you, Marcy. You may begin.

Marcy Morita (Managing Director of Investor Relations)

Thank you, Camila. Hello, everyone, welcome to Hawaiian Holdings First Quarter 2023 Results Conference Call. Here with me in Honolulu are Peter Ingram, President and Chief Executive Officer, Brent Overbeek, Chief Revenue Officer, and Shannon Okinaka, Chief Financial Officer. We also have several other members of our management team in attendance for the Q&A. Peter will provide an overview of our performance, Brent will discuss revenue, and Shannon will discuss costs and the balance sheet. At the end of the prepared remarks, we will open the call up for questions. By now, everyone should have access to the press release that went out at about 4 o'clock Eastern Time today. If you have not received the release, it is available on the Investor Relations page of our website, hawaiianairlines.com. During the call today, we refer at times to adjusted or non-GAAP numbers and metrics.

A detailed reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP numbers and metrics can be found at the end of today's press release posted on the Investor Relations page of our website. As a reminder, the following prepared remarks contain forward-looking statements, including statements about our future plans and potential future financial and operating performance. Management may also make additional forward-looking statements in response to your questions. These statements are subject to risk and uncertainties and do not guarantee future performance, and therefore, undue reliance should not be placed upon them. We refer you to Hawaiian Holdings' recent filings with the SEC for a more detailed discussion of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement. These include the most recent annual report found on Form 10-K. I will now turn the call over to Peter.

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

Mahalo, Marcy. Aloha, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. 2023 is off to an encouraging start. Many of the challenges we have discussed on previous calls remain, but leisure demand in the substantial majority of our markets remains strong, and we outperformed our revenue guidance in the first quarter. At the same time, we continue to execute against a wide variety of important initiatives this year that are going to position us extremely well for the years to come. Last week, we made the transition of our passenger service system to Amadeus's Altéa platform. This is the largest technology project in the history of our company, and hundreds of people worked for more than a year to make it happen.

The core PSS transition went smoothly, but we did experience issues in some of the Hawaiian Airlines systems that connect to it, particularly our website and kiosk check-in. Those systems have been stabilized since the end of last week, but in the three days immediately following the cutover, we faced crowded airport lobbies and were unable to take the normal volume of bookings on our website. We expect a small one-time impact on revenue in two Q as a result, about which Brent will offer some thoughts. As you would expect, I wish the transition had gone flawlessly. In spite of the challenges, I was inspired to see how our team and partners pulled together to take care of our guests and solve problems.

What's most important to me is that, first, that we are taking care of our guests with empathy and care, and second, where we go from here. Right now, we are focused on ensuring that the systems we have implemented are stable and working as planned, and that we are addressing any lingering transition issues. Beyond that is where the real benefits of this investment will be realized as we begin to build new digital experiences and revenue-generating products on top of this fundamentally sounder technology foundation. In less than a week, we will complete another important project to in-source substantial elements of our A330 maintenance from a third party, reducing our steady-state expenses, giving our team greater control of our day-to-day operation, and allowing us to scale our costs more effectively as we grow the fleet with the Amazon A330 freighters.

Beyond these two significant initiatives, there is much more ahead of this year. One of our key themes this year is delivering on our commitments, a nod to the fact that as we move forward from a disruptive couple of years, we continue to invest in our future, and several of these initiatives are coming to fruition this year. It's good to be off to a positive start. Brent will talk about our commercial performance in more detail, but I'll hit a couple of highlights. Demand in the largest part of our network from the U.S. mainland to Hawaii remains strong. First quarter performance met our expectations, and we are well set up for two Q and the summer. Australia and New Zealand and South Korea continue to see solid demand in the first quarter of the year.

On the Neighbor Island network, we continue to face a pricing environment that delays a return to profitability on these routes. We are closely monitoring DOT-reported yield and load factor information as it becomes available. Month after month, it shows that we are resoundingly outperforming Southwest on both fronts. Inter-island pricing pressure abated somewhat sequentially in 1Q. Remember, this is on the heels of 5-plus months of our competitor offering last-seat availability of $39 fares inclusive of taxes on every flight. Demand recovery of outbound Japan travel remains slow. We've seen some green shoots in recent weeks, but our Japan routes remain far from a complete recovery. With the extension of slot flexibility for a few more months, we are going to fly less Japan capacity in the summer than we anticipated when building our 2023 plans.

Some capacity will be shifted to the more rewarding U.S. mainland market this summer, but not as much as we would prefer, as we are still plagued with limitations on our A321neo fleet capacity as a result of our engine supplier's inability to meet spare engine commitments amidst an overtaxed engine overhaul supply chain. At the moment, we have five aircraft grounded awaiting engines relative to an overall fleet of 18. We expect to return one of these aircraft to service later this week, with another one returning about a week after that if the current plan holds. We're working with Pratt & Whitney to find a way beyond this situation, but in the meantime, some of the A330s that aren't flying to Japan are backfilling service on routes that we would prefer to operate with A321s.

We've been less aggressive in scheduling summer capacity overall than we otherwise would have been. While I'm on the subject of operational challenges, let me provide an update on the impact of runway construction in Honolulu on our reliability. Since October, Honolulu Airport has operated without access to its primary arrivals runway. The project, which has experienced delays, is currently scheduled to be completed before the end of May, by which time we will have effectively seen 7 months of impairment to the airport's peak hour capacity. Air traffic control protocols to manage the disruption have had a severe negative impact on our Neighbor Island operation. For the past several months, we have commonly seen our 717s held on the ground with extended waits for approval from air traffic control to depart. In the most recent period, this has been a daily phenomenon.

These delays cascade through the day for subsequent flights scheduled for the delayed aircraft. We have made adjustments to add buffer to our operation, putting slack time in the schedule to provide opportunities to recover a line of flying after ATC delays. This initially yielded some promising improvement to reliability, in recent weeks, with the return of daylight savings time schedules, we have seen performance deteriorate again. Unfortunately, there is no quick fix here. We expect the challenges to persist until the construction project concludes. I know this has an impact on our guests who depend on reliable inter-island service and for their jobs and personal lives. We are absolutely committed to getting back to our historically industry-leading on-time performance. On a more positive note, we were pleased to see the ratification of our new pilot contract in February.

The new terms went into effect on March 2nd. This contract recognizes the contributions of our pilots to our company and reflects the evolution of the industry's labor economics. The pilot contract follows the ratification of deals with our other collective bargaining units over the course of 2020 and 2021. As we sit here today, it will be 2025 before we have a contract becoming amendable for any work group. Given the more unsettled state of bargaining at some of our competitors, we feel very well-positioned in this important area. We also remain focused on our environmental commitments. We've published a roadmap which details our plan to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, including commitments to considerable progress in the 2030s.

To help put that plan to action, we've announced an agreement with biofuel company Gevo to purchase 50 million gallons of sustainable aviation fuel over 5 years. The availability of SAF is essential to reducing our carbon footprint, and we will continue to invest in meaningful partnerships to help develop this nascent industry. Earlier, I mentioned that 2023 is a year for Hawaiian to deliver on our commitments. The PSS transition and our A330 maintenance insourcing are significant milestones. Let me take a moment to talk about some of the other initiatives that have seen progress.

We have a more clear picture now than at any time in the past few years on the timetable for introducing 787 to our fleet, with the first delivery scheduled for the fourth quarter of this year and a planned entry into service date in 1Q 2024. The fleet will grow to 4 by the end of 2024. Planning and training have already kicked into gear. We don't expect any impact from the recent brief interruption of Boeing's 787 deliveries. We also continue to make progress toward commencing freighter flying for Amazon. Revenue flights will begin in the fourth quarter. Planning is on track. As a reminder, we will ramp up to 10 freighter aircraft in the operation over the course of 2024. As you can tell, 2023 is shaping up as a very busy year.

We aren't yet where we want to be from the standpoint of financial recovery, but there is much to be excited about as we progress into the middle months of 2023. Our team is doing a great job as they always do, taking care of our guests and making sure that we compete to win in the markets we serve. Let me turn it over to Brent to go over our commercial performance and outlook in more detail.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Thank you, Peter. Aloha, everyone. As Peter mentioned, leisure demand remains strong for most of our markets in the first quarter. Total revenue was up just over 28% as we operated a little over 15% more capacity versus the same period in 2022. With that said, the impact of the Omicron virus in the first quarter of 2022 makes it an atypical comparison. For reference, total revenue is shy of 2019 by a little less than 7% on just over 1% more capacity. System RASM was up just over 11% year-over-year for the first quarter, which is better than the high end of our guidance range. The outperformance underpins the strength we're seeing in North America and the rebuild in our international markets, tempered by the low fare environment in the Neighbor Island market.

North America continues to do well, and we're encouraged by booking volumes that we saw from late March through mid-April. For the first quarter, a 10-point improvement in load factor drove revenue for North America up approximately 20% year-over-year, despite operating a touch less capacity compared to the same period in 2022. Neighbor Island revenue performance continued to be challenged by low fares. Our competitor is no longer offering $39 last seat availability as they were for most of the second half of last year. Low fares remain broadly available in the market. Hawaiian was founded to serve the Inter-island market, and our 93-year commitment to the market in Hawaii remains unchanged.

We offer the best service and schedule in the market, and consumers continue to choose our product, as demonstrated by the most recent DOT statistics, which show we have a unit revenue that was almost 3 times our competitor and a load factor that was almost 30 points higher. The steady return of demand in our international markets resulted in better-than-expected performance in the first quarter, due largely to the strength in our Auckland and Sydney routes. Strong traffic gains for U.S. point-of-sale demand led the way for international routes. Passenger revenue for our international market, including Japan, is up almost 300% for the first quarter of this year compared to 2022, keeping in mind that the New Zealand, Korea, and Japan travel restrictions were being relaxed in the first quarter of 2022.

For reference, compared to 2019 for the same period, our passenger revenue is down 32%, driven by the slow recovery of Japan. Japan continues to lag the recovery of the other markets. We are seeing strong performance from U.S. point of sale and steady improvement from Japan point of sale. Slot relief in Haneda through July enables us to shift A330 aircraft to other markets so we can capture the demand there. As Peter mentioned, we face operational challenges with our A321 engines that prevent us from optimizing our schedule. There are many markets where we would ideally like to fly an A321, but are now compelled to fly an A330 due to our current shortage of available for service A321s.

To add to the operational inefficiencies we're experiencing due to fewer A321s in service, the runway construction in Honolulu and air traffic control pro-protocols have further challenged our operation. With the numerous delays imposed on us in Honolulu, we've added block time and additional turn time to our flights, which ultimately results in lower efficiency. We're hopeful that the timeline for the project stays on track and we can return to our historical levels of dependability and efficiency in the latter portion of the second quarter. Our premium product demands remain strong across the system. RASM for these products is still near record highs. Ancillary products remain an important and growing source of revenue. We're continually looking for further opportunities to optimize revenue from our seating products.

Our co-branded credit card had another record for the first quarter, with revenue up almost 11% compared to the same period in 2022. Our cargo team had a strong quarter from a historical perspective, off from the record highs of 2022. First quarter revenues were down just over 25% year-over-year as international yields softened from their 2022 peak, and we didn't fly any charters for the US Postal Service. Compared to 2019, first quarter revenue was up 16%. As Peter mentioned, while much of our PSS transition was a success, we did encounter issues with booking through our website at the end of last week. HawaiianAirlines.com is our primary distribution channel, and in 2022, it represented approximately 60% of our revenue. The website performance issues are stabilized.

However, with the extended outage last week, we believe that we will have roughly a $4 million-$6 million drag on revenue in the second quarter. Now, let me give you a bit more background about each of our geographies as we enter the second quarter. In North America, our capacity is down a few percentage points year-over-year, primarily driven from our exit from the Orlando market. Advanced bookings remain both above 2022 and 2019 levels, and we anticipate fare levels will end up similar to last year. The vast majority of our capacity growth is coming from international, our longest stage length entity, where our capacity is up almost 145% compared to the second quarter of 2022. This is a function of methodically ramping capacity across Japan and New Zealand as travel restrictions were starting to abate last year.

Not surprisingly, advanced bookings look strong on a year-over-year basis, we still have a ways to go to get back to our historical levels. Finally, as I mentioned earlier, we are clearly outperforming our competitor in the Neighbor Island market, it remains a challenging revenue environment. Our capacity is up about 8% year-over-year, industry capacity is up 18% year-over-year. The second quarter of last year was the recent high point for average fares in this entity. At this point, it looks like it'll be our most difficult year-over-year comp. Current published capacity levels look to moderate on a year-over-year basis as we head into the back half of the year. Adding all that up, we think system ticket revenue will be a few points short of our year-over-year capacity growth of roughly 12%.

However, as we mentioned in previous quarters, we do have some year-over-year headwinds impacting our overall RASM comparisons. Most notably, spoilage has turned to a more normal historical level, but creates a 3.5 point headwind year-over-year. We also have a few other aspects of our business where we've had a significant change. This year, we didn't fly any dedicated mail flights for the Postal Service, largely exited our third-party ground handling business, and will have a much smaller amount of charter flying for the Department of Defense. Together, these changes create just over an additional 2.5 points of RASM headwind. In total, we think RASM will be down about 10% year-over-year.

We know we have more work to do, but we're staying the course on strengthening our international markets, tapping into demand for our U.S. mainland to Hawaii markets, addressing the market needs of Japan, and staying on top of our Neighbor Island travel. As we get past the external factors affecting our operational efficiency, we'll continue delivering on our commitments. With that, I'll turn the call over to Shannon.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Thanks, Brent. Aloha, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We ended the first quarter of this year with an adjusted EBITDA loss of $85 million, which equates to an adjusted loss of $2.17 per share. These results are consistent with our expectations at the beginning of the quarter. Costs excluding fuel were also generally in line with our expectations for the first quarter. While we have not quantified the full financial impact of the operational issues that Peter discussed, one significant area of impact was in our fuel consumption, which ended higher than expected. Although the fleet changes did not have an impact on overall capacity, the change in our fleet mix degraded our fuel efficiency, causing about half of the overage versus our original expectations.

The other half of the variance was primarily due to increased taxi times and block hours resulting from airport and air traffic control congestion. We have considered these impacts in our guidance going forward. As Peter mentioned, we're very pleased that our pilots have ratified a four-year contract. While the contract provides for immediate wage increases effective at the beginning of March, the company gained important scheduling and work rule flexibility that will help us manage the business more efficiently. The salary increases contributed to just over half a point to CASM-ex for the first quarter. The impact to full year 2023 is estimated to add a little under 2 points to CASM-ex.

For adjusted reporting purposes, we excluded the impact of the signing bonus and one-time increase in vacation liability as they were not related to first quarter performance and would be anomalous in a period-over-period comparison. While we're on the topic of non-recurring items, in the first quarter, we received a one-time interest payment of about $5 million related to a federal tax refund and recognized a $10 million gain from the sale of commercial real estate that we owned, both of which were excluded from our adjusted results. We also adjusted out a credit resulting from the reversal of an accrued liability due to the accounting for the termination of our A330 maintenance contract.

For the second quarter, we expect our unit costs, ex fuel and special items, to be about 1.5% higher than the same period in 2022, primarily driven by about 2 percentage points from the increases from the new pilot contract and about 1 point from heavier flying of our A330s to the West Coast due to A321 unavailability, offset by about 1.5 point benefit from spreading our fixed costs over larger capacity and 0.5 point from fewer heavy maintenance events in the quarter. We're committed to staying within our full-year CASM-ex guidance range of up 1%-5% versus 2022. The full-year range reflects larger year-over-year changes in the second half of the year, partially due to timing of maintenance events and the timing of airport-related rate increases.

We've talked a bit about the operational challenges we experienced and will continue to experience, all of which puts pressure on our unit costs. Despite these pressures, we're finding ways to mitigate cost increases, including efficiencies related to staffing and training and optimized workarounds for A321 engine delays as well as Honolulu runway construction. Just a quick note on the balance sheet. As we plan for the delivery of our first 787, although we're comfortable using cash to pay for the delivery this year, we are evaluating the market to assess the viability of various financing options. With that said, I'm pleased that we have the flexibility to pay cash if desired to keep leverage and interest costs down. We remain focused on what we can control to return to profitability.

While we navigate short-term challenges, we're also investing in our future to reduce costs through increased efficiency and to enhance our revenue-generating capability. We're confident that the investments that we're making this year will provide value to our guests, employees, and shareholders when operating in a steady state. With that, we can open up the call for questions.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate that your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please while we pull for questions. Thank you. Our first question is from Helane Becker with Cowen and Company. Please proceed with your question.

Helane Becker (Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst)

Thanks very much, operator. Hi, everybody, thank you very much for the time this afternoon. On the issue with the runway, Peter, I think you said that it took longer than expected or is taking longer than expected, which kind of is not surprising given the management of that airport in the past. Do you know if your competitor in inter-island flying has the same issues that you have?

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

Yeah. Helane, thanks. Yeah, the project was originally scheduled, I believe, to be done more on a February timeframe, so it's run a couple months late at this point. It is the case that flights are being held in the neighbor islands for both carriers. It is also the case that we have a greater density of flights in the hours of day when the air traffic control disruptions typically go into place. The fact that our competitor also will often have those airplanes depart the islands later on, whereas ours are flying back and forth between the islands all day means I think the impact has been more profound on us. We don't have any indication that air traffic control is particularly disfavoring Hawaiian departures.

They are particularly disfavoring the short-haul departures in favor of, you know, getting the long-haul aircraft that are coming in from the mainland in the late morning on the ground, as opposed to having them circle. That's why the neighbor island network takes a disproportionate impact.

Helane Becker (Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst)

Got it. That makes perfect sense. Just for my follow-up, I didn't really catch comments on Japan other than it's reopened. Can you talk at all about how forward bookings are shaping up for the summer months, maybe? Thank you.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Yeah. Sure, Helane. We are seeing, you know, we'd seen some continued improvement in Japan point of sale, not, you know, not back to the historical levels that we had, and certainly our capacity levels reflect that. We are seeing some signs of improvement, and I think if we look over the last four to six weeks, we've seen some steady progress. Not exceptional, but some steady progress in Japan point of sale. We continue to see really strong US point of sale traffic, so both Hawaii-originating traffic and traffic from the mainland. That continues to book really strong. Unfortunately, it's a relatively small portion of our overall traffic mix.

As we look at load factors, we're not gonna be up to our historical levels, but we continue to see kinda sequential progress month-over-month as we move from the first quarter into the second and then progress through the second quarter.

Helane Becker (Managing Director and Senior Research Analyst)

okay. Thank you very much.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Thanks, Helane.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next question is from Conor Cunningham with Melius Research. Please proceed with your question.

Conor Cunningham (Director, Travel and Transports Analyst)

Hey, everyone. Thank you. Peter, I don't know if you gave this or if it's just not relevant anymore, but on 2023 capacity guidance, I mean, there's a lot of moving parts from all the issues that you kinda talked about. Is the 9.5%-12.5% growth that you had previously put out there still relevant today? If not, maybe you can talk about where the pulldowns are happening and all the moving pieces that may make up your outlook for 23. Thank you.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Conor, I'll start. This is Shannon. Yeah. We did not update our full year ASM guidance. We still believe that the range is, you know, in that 9.5%-12.5% for full year capacity. You know, we do have, it is a different mix of what we had planned at the beginning of the year, but we are intending to, you know, move some of that Japan capacity over to North America as Brent discussed. Brent, do you wanna add anything?

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Yeah. No. I think, you know, at this point we're confident that we're still in range. We'll continue to keep an eye and as the A321 situation progresses, we have expectation that's gonna improve as we get through the latter part of this quarter and into the third quarter. Then we'll also keep a keen eye in Japan, and I think both of those could influence it, but at this point we're comfortable with where we're at and certainly within range of the guidance that we've got there.

Conor Cunningham (Director, Travel and Transports Analyst)

Okay. Thank you. Yeah, Shannon, I know you say you don't know the exact impact to all these operational issues and some of the engine problems and whatnot, but, you know, when we think about that, I know that you're saying that you expect to be in the full year range, but it just seems like a lot that's going on. Like, why wouldn't we expect to be at the high end of the range? Are you finding one-for-one offsets as you move forward? Is it just through productivity and so on? I'm just trying to get a sense for where things shake out there. Thank you.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Yeah. Thanks, Conor. You know, when we put out the guidance at the beginning of the year, we had a number of management initiatives in mind. We had, frankly, also put in some factor for more management initiatives. We're being really aggressive this year about finding efficiencies. Actually, I think we're re-doing a really good job so far, which is why we feel pretty comfortable with that full year range. I don't. I wouldn't say that at this point I expect to be on, you know, one side or other of that range. You know, it's mostly what we're looking for is mostly labor efficiencies at this point. We had so many estimates at the beginning of the year for different initiatives.

Say like, we didn't know exactly how the A330 maintenance insourcing was gonna roll out from a cost perspective, and we're just finding ways to be more efficient than some of our expectations or estimates at the beginning of the year. Those are the areas that we're really focused on, is some of the investments that we're making, as well as labor efficiency.

Conor Cunningham (Director, Travel and Transports Analyst)

Okay. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next question is from Catherine O'Brien with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.

Catherine O'Brien (Equity Research Analyst)

Hey, everyone. Thanks for the time. Maybe this is, like, a really silly question that's gonna have, like, a one-word answer. You know, you guys have talked about U.S. point of sale in Japan improving. One of your competitors mentioned that last month at a conference. Is there anything that you guys could do from, like, a marketing perspective to maybe try to capture some more of that U.S. point of sale than your normal mix? Or, like, do the slot timings in Japan not work for that? Or maybe the connecting fare mask doesn't work versus direct? Like, just was curious if there's anything you could do to kinda, like, shift and maybe carry more of that U.S. point of sale than typical, or that's a silly analyst idea.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

No. Appreciate the perspective, you can send your resume over to Katie, and you can welcome join us anytime you want. No. We have made a concerted effort to make sure that we've got connectivity from North America to Hawaii. Obviously, we do well out of Hawaii point of sale, that North America point of sale business is really what we've been able to tap into a bit more. The challenge we've really got is just circuity. Given how far south we are, it is more inefficient for our guests, you know, who do wanna come connect through here. Our total elapsed time is a little bit longer than others.

We have been able to find some opportunities to go out and take some traffic that isn't a normal source of our traffic base. We'll continue to look at that both from the pricing and revenue management perspective, but also on the marketing side in terms of being able to promote that. We've done a fair amount of that already, which has helped us get to this point, and we'll continue to look for additional opportunities to do that. It gets a little bit tighter, you know, in the summer, obviously, as Japan load factors pick up a bit more and as our North America load factors creep up as well, you know, closer to the 90% level.

It gets a little bit more difficult to squeeze some of that stuff on board, but we'll continue to look for troughs and opportunities to take advantage of that.

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

Just to add to that for a bit. I think Brent nailed it, that the circuity of connecting over Honolulu puts a natural constraint on the demand we get from the U.S. mainland. The other point of U.S. point of sale, that is valuable to us, but is also limited, is Hawaii point of sale. You know, I think as most of us in this room, you know, go out around our community, we probably all know, a number of people who have told us recently that they took their family to Hawaii or to Japan on spring break. It is, you know, incredibly common around here, but unfortunately, there's only 1.4 million people in Hawaii, and that constrains the size of that market as well.

It's really performing well, particularly in those seasonal periods, and we'll probably see a little bit more of that over the summertime period as well when kids are out of school again. There are fundamental natural limits to how big U.S. point of sale is gonna be for us on the Japan business.

Catherine O'Brien (Equity Research Analyst)

Got it. That makes a lot of sense. Maybe one for Shannon or, or Peter might wanna jump in too. You know, as CapEx starts to ramp up again this year with the first of your 12 787s closer to year-end, and then again, you know, in the coming years, how are you thinking about financing these deliveries? I know you said during the prepared remarks that you'd be comfortable using cash to finance this year's delivery, possibly. What about next year? I think in the 10-K, you have about $500 million in aircraft CapEx and equipments table, over the next, you know, over 2024 and 2025. Just wanna make sure that's the right ballpark for next year. I appreciate the time. Thanks so much.

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

Sure. Let me start. I think, you know, Shannon did touch on that a little bit, that we're in a position where, you know, certainly for the initial aircraft, we can finance it off our balance sheet. I think as we you know, think about it. There's always a buffet of financing options that are available to us. We're in a position right now, having done the loyalty and brand financing 2 years ago, where we really don't have that much aircraft debt on our balance sheet right now relative to the size and value of our fleet. We think we've got the flexibility to pick our spot a little bit in terms of the timing, the market, and when we wanna go out.

Certainly we have very valuable assets with, you know, probably this will be the most popular modern generation wide-body aircraft coming into our fleet and already having the most popular narrow-body aircraft in our fleet.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Yes. I don't really have much to add. I mean, we, as we're going out, we just started going out into the market, so we haven't gotten a lot back yet, but we'll evaluate them. I mean, I feel comfortable with where we are today. I think our main focus is getting back to profitability, generating cash, and then we'll consider, you know, what our options are for next year. Right now I think we've got the cash, we've got highly financiable assets in the 787s and A321s, so I think we're in a good position for now.

Catherine O'Brien (Equity Research Analyst)

Is that $500 million the right number for 2024 and 2025 for the 10-K?

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

It should be if it's of a 10-K, but I will double-check and get back to you, Katie.

Catherine O'Brien (Equity Research Analyst)

I know there's some mismatching of like deliveries contractual versus like management estimates. Just was wondering. Thanks so much for all the time. I appreciate it.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Sure.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next question is from Mike Linenberg with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your question.

Mike Linenberg (Managing Director and Senior Airline Analyst)

Oh, hey, good afternoon, everyone, or good morning. I'm trying to figure out the time zones here.

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

Good morning.

Mike Linenberg (Managing Director and Senior Airline Analyst)

Peter, Hey. Have you at all attempted to put a cost to Hawaiian around the grounded A321neos, the GTF issue? I know this goes just beyond the airplanes. I mean, you're obviously paying rentals or financing costs. You know, you have A330s flying in markets that should be A321neos. You probably have excess pilots who are sitting around. It's hard for them to bounce between airplane types. You know, this, there's got to be a meaningful revenue and cost impact that is growing. What any sense on just even rough numbers on what this, what this headwind is to Hawaiian?

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

I don't have a precise enough number that I wanna throw one out at that point. I think you've touched on a number of the categories where it has affected us financially. You know, certainly when we're not flying those aircraft, they're not burning fuel, and we're not paying for power by the hour fees. we do have a quorum of 321 trained pilots that is sized for a larger fleet than the one that we've been operating the last couple of months.

Putting the A330 in markets has impacted us greater, you know, because they're in markets where demand is a little bit more limited, and usually we're putting them, when they go into A321 markets, they're going into markets where the cargo carrying capacity of that aircraft doesn't yield us any revenue benefit, which, you know, is different than if you're flying to a Los Angeles or a Korea. It is... I should point out, we do have some contractual penalties...

... that are part of the contract when we do not have the appropriate level of spare aircraft available. What I will say quite definitively is that those penalties fall far short of covering the financial impact of not having the aircraft, and we would much prefer to receive zero penalties because we've got the contractual level of spare engine availability.

Mike Linenberg (Managing Director and Senior Airline Analyst)

Okay. Okay. Thanks for that comprehensive answer. I guess my second question to Brent. On your RASM guide for the quarter, and I realize there's a lot of moving parts here, but if I look at your fuel price assumption versus what it was a year ago, it's roughly looks like about $1.30 per gallon. How much of that maybe reflects fuel surcharges? I know some of them are explicit in some markets like Japan. Some are maybe more implicit, just part of the fare structure. If that down 8.5 to down 11.5, you know, are a couple points maybe driven because of these fuel surcharges? Any color on that would be great. Thank you.

Peter Ingram (President and CEO)

As you pointed out, in Japan, it's certainly much more explicit, and in Korea it's probably closer to Japan than any of our other entities in terms of it being explicitly in there

kind of beyond that, it is really, you know, kind of overall market pricing, supply and demand. you know, at this point, I wouldn't attribute anything, you know, kind of specifically to fuel surcharges other than, you know, what market demand's at and what the industry is able to bear based on that level of supply right now.

Mike Linenberg (Managing Director and Senior Airline Analyst)

Okay. Fair enough. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Our next question is from Dan McKenzie with Seaport Global Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Dan McKenzie (Senior Analyst)

Hey, thanks. Morning, guys. You know, I guess, you know, following up on Mike's first question, you know, I know it's really hard to quantify all the inefficiencies. You know, it sounds really rough, but could we at a minimum at least say that, you know, in the second quarter you would be profitable but for these inefficiencies without actually quantifying it?

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

I don't think I wanna speculate on that, Dan.

Dan McKenzie (Senior Analyst)

I see. Okay. Well, I just thought I would try. It just seems like a lot, that's all. Okay. you know, next question here, you know, with Amazon spooling up in the fourth quarter, you know, I'm guessing you're probably beginning to get some line of sight on what the metrics, you know, might look like. Departures, costs, and, you know, potentially what the financial target is with respect to margins. I was wondering if you can, you know, just shed some insight on what those metrics might look like at this point.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Yeah, I think in terms of this year, Dan, it's going to have a very limited impact. It's really, you know, it's a cost drag this year as we incur some expenses in spooling up for coming into service. We have, you know, a couple of airplanes entering service before the end of the year, but really for a partial fourth quarter impact. It'll really be more of a 2024 story before we have something meaningful to talk about, and we have not yet put out some, you know, revenue or cost guidance related to that. That'll be something we think about as we go through in the latter part of the year.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Dan, what I'll add is we have included the operating cost of the fourth quarter of Amazon work in our full year guidance.

That cost piece is baked in. Obviously, we didn't give revenue guidance for the full year, but the cost piece is baked in to our guidance.

Dan McKenzie (Senior Analyst)

Okay. Let me just squeeze one more in here. I'm just wondering if you could unpack the revenue outlook for the second quarter a little bit more. You know, you guys always guide conservatively, but, you know, just setting that aside, you know, we have the Interisland impact, the Japan impact, I'm wondering to what extent, if any, there's, you know, the tech slowdown might be having on leisure demand to Hawaii. I know it's okay today, but I'm just wondering is this another shoe that could potentially drop that we have to worry about? Am I just trying to split demand by too much here?

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

I would say maybe you're trying to split it by too much, Dan. I think if we look across North America right now, you know, we're above where we were in 2019 in term of advanced bookings. We're above where we were last year. We've had a pretty encouraging, you know, several weeks kind of leading in, and I feel pretty good both in terms of where we're at from an advanced booking perspective for 2Q and 3Q as well. I'm not seeing any kind of macro signs of it. There are, you know, some geographies and the Bay Area is maybe a little more strained than others. Certainly I think we'll see, you know, overall demand levels be quite strong. Nothing material jumps out in terms of what we're looking at.

Dan McKenzie (Senior Analyst)

Yeah, very good. Okay, perfect. Thanks so much, you guys.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next question is from Chris Stathoulopoulos with Susquehanna. Please proceed with your question.

Christopher Stathoulopoulos (Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. Shannon, I think on the last call, you said that 2Q through year-end PRASM would be closer to FY 2022. If we look at the guide here for 2Q, 3 points of headwind from spoilage, no pulse in service, doesn't sound like you're doing ground handling, and there's something else. A lot of moving pieces. The $39 fare war is tapering off. I just, you know, could you give us some color on, you know, how we should think about the cadence of CASM-ex second half? Also just color on kind of core yields here, because in the past, you've always talked about this RASM premium off of the U.S. West Coast, and there's a lot of moving pieces here.

Just would like to hear your view on what you see with respect to core yields or I guess perhaps the competitive landscape for fares. Thank you.

Shannon Okinaka (EVP and CFO)

Hi, Chris. I'll start a little bit with the CASM side, and I'll pass it over to Brent to talk about PRASM. For CASM, yeah, we're gonna stay with our full year 1%-5% range up. The first half was a little on the lower side, and the second half is a little on the higher side to get that average. It's a lot of it just timing on the cost side of when our maintenance events are happening, a number of our airport rate increases happen on July first or take effect on July first, which pushes up that second-half CASM versus the first half. We are gonna keep that full year guide of 1%-5% for CASM.

I'll have Brent maybe address some of the yield and question.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Chris, we're not gonna give a revenue guide. We haven't historically got it out for full year revenue this early in the year, and we're not gonna do that. Some of the headwinds you mentioned structurally, are there or abate as we get later in the year, depending on those individual attributes. Some of them will be there in 3Q, and I think they'll taper off a little bit as we get towards the end of the year. If we look at overall what's going on in the marketplace, like I mentioned, I think we feel pretty good about where we are on North America advanced book. Average fares look to be consistent with 2019-ish levels.

In some cases up, some cases down, but overall in the same neighborhood. International, excluding Japan, continues to book strong. We're encouraged with that. Again, really strong U.S. point of sale demand there. With Japan, we're continuing to see things rebound from a traffic perspective as that comes back. It's at slightly lower fares, but overall we're encouraged with the trajectory we're seeing in Japan.

Christopher Stathoulopoulos (Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Thank you for the color. My follow-up, Peter, so with the $39 fare war seemingly over, curious to hear your sort of a postmortem view on this. What did you learn, and do you believe that Southwest Airlines here is resonating with travelers? Thank you.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Well, I think what we've learned from the Southwest experience in the Neighbor Island market so far is that travelers in Hawaii prefer Hawaiian Airlines, and that's been reflected in consistently higher load factor, superior revenue generation. We're focused on continuing to compete, whether it is $39 fares or other levels of fares going forward, and we think we're well-positioned to succeed for the various reasons we've noted over time.

Christopher Stathoulopoulos (Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Thank you.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Thanks, Chris.

Operator (participant)

There are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the floor back over to Peter Ingram, President and CEO, for closing comments.

Brent Overbeek (EVP and CRO)

Mahalo again to everyone for joining us today. Amidst the challenges facing our business, our team continues to deliver meaningful accomplishments which positions us for a bright future. We appreciate your interest and look forward to updating you on our progress in the months ahead. Aloha.

Operator (participant)

This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.