Icahn Enterprises - Earnings Call - Q1 2025

Executive Summary

• Q1 2025 was weak: total revenues fell to $1.867B and net loss attributable to IEP widened to $422M ($-0.79 per unit) on investment segment losses and energy turnaround/RINs headwinds. Versus Q4 2024 and Q3 2024, revenue and profitability deteriorated markedly.
• S&P Global consensus for Q1 2025 expected $2.628B revenue and $0.19 EPS; actuals missed materially on both. Only one estimate was available for each metric, limiting robustness of consensus. Values retrieved from S&P Global.*
• Indicative NAV declined $336M sequentially to $3.001B, primarily from $224M losses in the Investment segment (healthcare exposures); Board maintained the $0.50 per-unit distribution.
• Call tone: management emphasized liquidity (“war chest”) and operational resets in Automotive; near-term energy headwinds (Coffeyville turnaround, RINs mark‑to‑market) but optimism on crack spreads and potential resolution of small refinery exemptions litigation ($438M RIN liability).

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• Liquidity preserved: holding company cash and equivalents at $1.318B, with total market‑valued subsidiaries/investments at $3.825B; board maintained quarterly distribution of $0.50 per unit.
• Energy fertilizer sub‑segment showed positive performance (prices/utilization), partially offsetting refining weakness.
• Real estate pipeline progressing: permitting cleared for newest country club; single-family reservations expected by end of 2025; potential sales closing in Q2 and late 2025.

Management quotes:

• “We ended the quarter with $1.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents at the holding company, an additional $900 million of cash at the funds… a significant war chest”.
• “We think AI growth is real, and electric utilities, particularly AEP, are an excellent way to benefit in the picks and shovels of AI”.

What Went Wrong

• Investment segment losses (healthcare) drove a $336M NAV decline; Adjusted EBITDA attributable to IEP fell to -$287M from +$134M YoY.
• Energy EBITDA swung to -$61M YoY (from $203M) on Coffeyville turnaround and unfavorable RINs mark‑to‑market; refining impacted despite improving crack spreads.
• Automotive underperformed: sales down 9% YoY (ex‑parts -6%); Adjusted EBITDA -$6M amid labor/inventory/footprint repositioning and store closures (24 locations).

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good morning and welcome to the Icahn Enterprises LP First Quarter 2025 earnings call with Andrew Teno, President and CEO, Ted Papapostolou, Chief Financial Officer, and Robert Flint, Chief Accounting Officer. I would now like to hand the call over to Robert Flint, who will read the opening statement. Please go ahead.

Robert Flint (Chief Accounting Officer)

Thank you, Operator. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements we make in this presentation, including statements regarding our future performance and plans for our businesses and potential acquisitions. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes, seeks, estimates, will, or words of similar meaning and include but are not limited to statements about the expected future business and financial performance of Icahn Enterprises LP and its subsidiaries. Actual events, results, and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including economic, competitive, legal, and other factors. Accordingly, there is no assurance that our expectations will be realized.

We assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements should circumstances change except as otherwise required by law. This presentation also includes certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA. A reconciliation of such non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in the back of this presentation. We also present indicative net asset value. Indicative net asset value includes, among other things, changes in the fair value of certain subsidiaries which are not included in our GAAP earnings. All net income and EBITDA amounts we will discuss are attributable to Icahn Enterprises unless otherwise specified. I'll now turn it over to Andrew Teno, our Chief Executive Officer.

Andrew Teno (President and CEO)

Thank you, Rob, and good morning, everyone. NAV decreased $336 million from the fourth quarter of 2024, driven primarily by negative performance in the funds and the accrual for the distribution, which was partially offset by increases in CVI and auto service. CVI share price increased by 3%, which, when combined with additional share purchases of $33 million, led to an increase of $80 million from the fourth quarter. The improvement in crack spreads that we discussed last quarter has continued, and now that Coffeyville's turnaround is complete, we look forward to getting back to business and generating cash flow. Regarding RINs, we remain hopeful that the new administration may lead to the resolution of our outstanding litigation regarding small refinery exemptions, which has the potential to remove the $438 million liability that was recorded as of 1Q 2025 and potentially provide clarity to future years.

As a reminder, during the last Trump administration, Wynnewood received small refinery exemptions. The investment funds ended down approximately 8.4% for the quarter, primarily driven by our healthcare investments. Given the recent market volatility, we thought it would be helpful to provide an update as to performance through the end of last week. If you were to mark-to-market the funds and add in CVI and UAN, we would be modestly positive quarter to date. We ended the quarter with $1.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents at the holding company and additional $900 million of cash at the funds. As Carl likes to say, we have a significant war chest to take advantage of opportunities as they arise. Lastly, the board has maintained the quarterly distribution at $0.50 per depositary unit. Now, turning to our investment segment.

Despite the market volatility, we see considerable value creation potential in our portfolio. At AEP, we see new management closing its ROE gap, improving regulatory outcomes, solidifying its balance sheet through accretive asset sales, and benefiting from tremendous electricity load growth due to AI-driven data center demand. We think AI growth is real, and electric utilities, particularly AEP, are an excellent way to benefit in the picks and shovels of AI. At Southwest Gas Holdings, we see a gas utility that is closing its ROE gap to peers and separating a utility services business with significant growth opportunity. We see upside in both the gas utility and the services business. In particular, Century Aluminum should see increasing growth trends as utility customers need to spend additional CapEx to improve and build out both the electrical grid and natural gas networks to support increasing power demands.

At Caesars, we recently had two employees join the company's board of directors. We think Caesars has an excellent management team with tremendous real estate value, a growing digital business that is deploying its greater than 15% free cash flow yield to repurchase shares and repay debt. In time, we would expect Caesars' digital business to be unlocked from its current structure. The funds ended the quarter approximately 20% net long. Adjusting for our refining hedges, the fund was 35% net long. I will now pass it on to Ted to cover our controlled businesses.

Ted Papapostolou (CFO)

Thank you, Andrew. I will start at our energy segment. Energy segment consolidated EBITDA was negative $61 million for Q1 2025, compared to $203 million in Q1 2024. CVR's refining business was negatively impacted by the turnaround at the Coffeyville refinery and unfavorable mark-to-market RINs valuation, offset in part by positive performance in the fertilizer business due to continued higher prices and strong utilization. Turning to our automotive segment, our automotive segment continues to underperform compared to prior year period. Sales were down 9% year over year. Excluding the wind-down of the parts business, which is not complete, sales were down 6%. In order to give the business the resources it needs to succeed, we are investing in labor, inventory, equipment, facilities, marketing, and adjusting our distribution footprint.

We saw early signs of top-line improvement as we have experienced positive trends in car count, tire volumes, and revenue as we move through the quarter. Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter was negative $6 million. Profitability suffered as we worked to get the labor hired, optimized, and trained, the inventory in the right place at the right margin, and upgrade the facilities and equipment early in the year so that we can benefit as the year progresses. We believe that while painful in the short term, these are the right investments to improve long-term profitability. The store portfolio is also going through significant changes. We are closing money-losing locations and growing in areas we have historically generated strong profitability. During the quarter, we closed 24 underperforming locations. We were awarded a contract to operate approximately 15 locations on military bases that allow us to grow in a capital-light manner.

We have been adding additional locations to our Greenfield pipeline, and our leasing efforts for the excess and available space continue to bear fruit as we have approximately 60 properties under LOI. We continue to believe that our auto segment will see increasing sales, profitability, and cash flows over the coming quarters. Now turning to the other segments. Real estate's Q1 2025 adjusted EBITDA decreased by $1 million compared to the prior year quarter. As a reminder, we have limited inventory at our legacy country club and expect to be sold out during 2027. We are expecting to see increased single-family home sales from our newest country club, which has recently cleared a permitting process, and we expect to begin taking home sale reservations by the end of 2025. In addition, our resort property continues to perform at high levels.

On our last call, we discussed a potential sale of certain properties, which was expected to be complete during Q1. This is now expected to close during this quarter. We are also exploring the sale of additional properties in our portfolio, which, if successful, could close later this year. In addition, we are actively seeking new opportunities that fit our investment strategy. Food packaging's adjusted EBITDA decreased by $6 million for Q1 2025 as compared to the prior year quarter. The decrease is primarily due to lower price, higher manufacturing inefficiencies, and higher material costs. During the quarter, the business commenced a restructuring plan, which includes consolidating two North American facilities into one and adding a state-of-the-art manufacturing line. We anticipate this plan will increase operational efficiency and drive margins while maintaining volumes and is expected to be completed during the second half of 2025.

Home fashion's adjusted EBITDA decreased by $1 million as compared to the prior year quarter, mainly driven by product mix. Pharma's adjusted EBITDA for Q1 2025 came in lower by $3 million as compared to the prior year quarter. The decrease is primarily due to higher R&D spend for the therapies and clinical development and increased sales and marketing expenses due to the recent global product launch of Qceva. Now turning to our liquidity. We maintain liquidity at the holding company and at each of our operating subsidiaries to take advantage of attractive opportunities. As of quarter end, the holding company had cash and investment in the funds of $3.8 billion, and our subsidiaries had cash and revolver availability of $1.3 billion. We continue to focus on building asset value and maintaining liquidity to enable us to capitalize on opportunities within and outside our existing operating segments. Thank you.

Operator, can you please open up the call for questions?

Operator (participant)

At this time, I would like to remind everyone in order to ask a question, press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. We will pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Andrew Brick of Post Advisory Group. Please go ahead.

Andrew Berg (Managing Director)

Thanks. Guys, appreciate all the information. If we can just go back to the automotive segment for a second, can you give us some idea with respect to the store closures? Right now, how many stores are four-wall EBITDA negative? If possible, what the aggregate EBITDA loss is for those stores and the expected timing to get out of any of the money-losing stores?

Andrew Teno (President and CEO)

Hey, Andrew. We're not going to talk about the aggregate amount of store closures just because it impacts the business and the employees. I would say that we have, there's a good amount of stores where they used to make significant money, call it back in 2022 or 2023, which are currently money-losing today. Those stores, I think you were taking a hard look at what caused them to decline and how do we make them better. Then there's a whole host of other stores where profitability has suffered for some time, and those will be closing. We will be closing the money-losing stores that we want to close in relatively short order. We've been averaging something like eight a month. I think it also depends on whether we own the location or whether they're leased, right?

If landlords are reasonable or if they feel like they can release the box at an attractive rate, and we hope to get out of those pretty quickly and we'll exit. In other situations, we may just wait until the lease turns out.

Andrew Berg (Managing Director)

Okay. The ones you're getting out of, are you getting stuck with any dark store lease expense? Or for the most part, when you're getting out of them, you're able to close and not have that liability as a tail?

Andrew Teno (President and CEO)

Yeah. Some of them are actually opportunities. We actually had one of our worst-performing stores that was money-losing in the box in an area that we thought it would be a liability and it turned out to be a bit of a bidding war. We sold it for $4 million, and it was on our real estate value, I think, closer to $2 million. On the opco, you would have seen it as a negative value. There is a whole host of boxes. Each one is different. Some we would expect if Pep Boys exits their box, we may actually lease it to one of the competitors if it is far enough away not to impact our own operations. I think a large part of the portfolio should not really be considered a liability. It is more of an opportunity to make much more money.

Andrew Berg (Managing Director)

Okay. Just sorry, going back to the update you said, you're up, what did you say, a couple hundred million in indicative net asset value quarter to date?

Andrew Teno (President and CEO)

I don't think we said that. I think if you were to look at our public portfolio, so everything in the funds and then the publicly marked investments, CVI and UAN, we were modestly positive as of last Friday.

Andrew Berg (Managing Director)

Okay. Perfect. Thank you.

Andrew Teno (President and CEO)

You got it.

Operator (participant)

Again, if you would like to ask a question, press star one on your telephone keypad. That's all for our Q&A session, and we appreciate your participation. I will now turn the call back over to Andrew Teno, President and CEO, for closing remarks. Please go ahead.

Andrew Teno (President and CEO)

All right. Thank you, everyone, for joining today's call. We'll speak to you in a few months.

Operator (participant)

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.