Nu - Earnings Call - Q1 2025

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Nu Holdings' Conference Call to Discuss the Results for the First Quarter of 2025. A slide presentation is accompanying today's webcast, which is available in Nu's Investor Relations website, www.investors.nu in English, and [Foreign language]. This conference is being recorded, and the replay can also be accessed on the company's IR website. This call is also available in Portuguese. To access, you can press the globe icon on the lower right side of your Zoom screen and then choose to enter the Portuguese Room. After that, select to mute original audio. [Foreign language]. Please be advised that all participants will be in a listen-only mode.

You may submit online questions at any time today using the Q&A box on the webcast. I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Guilherme Souto, Investor Relations Officer at Nu Holdings. Mr. Souto, you may proceed.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Thank you, Operator, and thank you, everyone, for joining our earnings call today. If you have not seen our earnings release yet, a copy is posted in the results center of our Investor Relations website. With me on today's call are David Vélez, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman; Youssef Lahrech, President and Chief Operating Officer; and Guilherme Lago, Chief Financial Officer. Throughout this conference call, we'll be presenting non-IFRS information, including adjusted net income. These are important financial measures for Nu Holdings, but are not financial measures as defined by IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures from other companies. Reconciliations of non-IFRS information to IFRS information are available in our earnings release. Unless noted otherwise, all growth rates are on a year-over-year basis.

I would also like to remind everyone that today's discussions might include forward-looking statements, which are not guarantees of future performance, and therefore you should not put undue reliance on them. These statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties and could cause adjustments. Please refer to the forward-looking statements disclosure in our earnings release. I will now turn the call over to David. Please go ahead, David.

David Vélez (Founder, CEO and Chairman)

Good evening, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We kicked off 2025 with strong momentum. During the first quarter alone, we added 4.3 million customers, reaching a total of 119 million across all our markets. That includes 105 million in Brazil, 11 million in Mexico, and just last month, we crossed 3 million customers in Colombia. We now serve nearly 100 million monthly active customers, keeping our activity ratio above 83%. These numbers reflect not just scale, but deep engagement and quality. While 100 million monthly active customers position us as perhaps the largest financial institution in Latin America in terms of number of customers, I would like to quickly provide a high-level reminder of the big opportunity we still have ahead of us. Brazil is our most scaled and mature market. About 60% of the adult population is a customer.

85% are active, and close to 60% of these customers use Nu as their primary bank, translating into a market share of principality of over 30%. Yet, our gross profit market share is just 5%, as we're in the early stages of monetizing our customer base through larger usage and cross-sale of products. Additionally, recent upgrades to our credit models, including new AI capabilities, are enabling us to responsibly expand credit access and unlock further growth. We're just as focused on non-credit opportunities, which remain equally ripe for disruption. This gap is our opportunity. We're doubling down, reinvesting our earnings to close the distance between principality and market share, and to expand the size of the market itself. Let's turn to Mexico, our next major growth frontier. Mexico is Latin America's second-largest banking market, but more importantly, it's one of the most under-penetrated.

The bigger opportunity here isn't just to win market share. It's to expand the market itself. Our momentum in Mexico is strong. In the past four quarters, our customer base grew 70%, reaching 11 million customers. Deposits more than doubled on an FX-neutral basis, exceeding $5 billion. Our credit portfolio grew 60% FX-neutral to nearly $1 billion. Revenues nearly doubled FX-neutral, reaching $245 million last quarter. These are early signs, but strong ones, that our model is working in Mexico. I'm also very happy to announce that just a few weeks ago, we were approved to get our banking license in this country, a license that is going to enable us to accelerate our growth and provide many more products to our customers. Between Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, we see a wide range of actionable, high-conviction, and profitable growth opportunities. We are investing proactively and deliberately to seize them.

As we continue growing our customer base and our penetration within these large markets, we will continue to benefit from the strong operating leverage of our business model. Our average revenue per active customer, or RPAC, increases towards the levels of incumbent banks, while our cost remains largely unchanged at or below $1 per customer. On the left-hand side of the slide, you'll see the historical RPAC progression across customer cohorts. In the first 12 months, a cohort typically generates just about $5 per customer in revenue. As product usage deepens and cross-sale increases, RPAC can grow more than fivefold, surpassing $25 after seven to eight years. This figure could continue to rise and rise at faster paces as we narrow the gap within incumbent banks, which generate RPAC of over $40 by launching new products and entering new segments.

On the right-hand side, you'll see our cost to serve over time. Thanks to scale efficiencies, process automation, and sustained investment in technology, these costs have declined by over 80% in the past years and now remain below $1 per customer. Even as the business has grown significantly in scale and complexity, we expect this trend to continue. Taken together, these two trends illustrate the strength of our operating leverage, one of the defining features of our digital banking model and the most significant source of earnings unlock potential in our business. We're very much early in this journey. The largest customer cohorts forming in the just past three years, when we added nearly 60 million customers and doubled our customer base, are only now beginning their monetization curves.

To summarize, while we've already reached a significant number of customers across Latin America, our market penetration remains relatively low, including in Brazil. The opportunity to further grow revenue is enormous. The shift from cash to digital payments and from offline to digital banking are structural decades-long trends, especially in under-penetrated markets like Mexico and Colombia. As the category leader in digital banking across the region, we are exceptionally well-positioned to capture outsized value from this transformation. That is why we remain steadfast in our commitment to long-term value creation, not short-term earnings optimization. Just as we are doing with the strategic ramp-up of our deposit franchises in Mexico and Colombia, which we will discuss later today, we will continue making significant investments aimed at maximizing sustainable shareholder value over time, even if that means accepting near-term pressure on margins.

We believe this is the right approach to build a durable, profitable, and category-defining company for the long run. With that, I'd like to pass the floor to our CFO, Guilherme Lago, who will walk us through the details of our financial results. Over to you, Lago.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

Thank you, David, and good evening, everyone. We had a strong start to the year with continued customer growth. We now serve approximately 59% of Brazil's adult population, 12% in Mexico, and 8% in Colombia. These figures exclude under 18 and SMEs, two segments that are growing even faster than our core adult base. A key differentiator of our digital banking model is our ability to drive principality. Nu isn't just a secondary wallet for ad hoc remittance or occasional purchases. It is the primary banking relationship for most of our active customers who use us every single day. Our DAO/MAO ratio continues close to 50%, one of the highest in the fintech industry globally. This creates significant competitive moats, including stronger unit economics and access to richer transactional data.

Our credit portfolio reached $24.1 billion in Q1, growing 8% quarter over quarter and 40% year over year, both on an FX-neutral basis. As expected, credit card growth was seasonally softer in Q1, consistent with historical patterns. Meanwhile, our lending products, both unsecured and secured, continue to grow faster than our credit card portfolio, gaining share within the overall credit mix. We expect this shift in composition to continue over the coming quarters. Now, for the past two years, we've been sharing with investors the significant opportunity we see in secured lending. While our approach is fundamentally different from the rest of the industry, built on 100% digital originations, it is exciting now to show tangible traction, with a 300% increase in balances over the past 12 months. Now, turning to loan origination performance.

Total loan originations reached a record of BRL 20.2 billion in Q1, up 64% year over year. Unsecured loans were the main driver, reaching an all-time high of BRL 17.3 billion. This reflects the strength of our credit underwriting capabilities. As you may recall, in late 2022, we deliberately pulled back from this asset class in response to adverse credit conditions. Since then, we have fine-tuned our credit models and acquisition funnels, and today, we are seeing the strongest momentum yet in both origination volumes and unit economics. Credit underwriting is never a straight line, and our ability to step back, recalibrate, and return with speed and discipline is a key competitive advantage. On the secured side, growth this quarter was temporarily impacted by a disruption in the FGTS loan API, which paused originations for nearly 10 days across the market between late February and early March.

Nonetheless, public payroll loans gained further traction, growing over 50% quarter over quarter. Now, finally, we see the new private payroll product in Brazil as a unique opportunity to break into a segment historically dominated by Brazil's top three incumbent banks. Private payroll loans will open the door to customer relationships, customer data, and customer collateral that were previously out of reach. We are all in. While we don't expect any material short-term impact on our unsecured lending business, we are confident that the scale and the strategic value of this opportunity far outweigh the near-term risks. Just like we did with FGTS, where we've become the market leader, we are building a digital native product from scratch, using our cost advantages to deliver the best offer in the market. Now, let's turn to the breakdown of our credit card portfolio.

Growth in interest earning installments we accelerated in Q1, now accounting for 29% of the total credit card portfolio. This compares to Q4, which typically sees a seasonal increase in non-interest balance due to higher purchase volumes. We also saw momentum supported by strong originations in PIX financing and other transactional-based credit products. On PIX financing specifically, while we have not yet fully resumed growth in some higher-risk segments, as testing continues, we've optimized in-app conversion flows. This drove strong origination volumes, especially towards the end of the quarter. Now, let's zoom in on PIX financing and our other transactional credit products. This is another clear example of our disciplined approach to credit. In the second half of 2024, we saw that among riskier banks, PIX financing usage began to negatively impact NPS and reduce engagement, posing a risk to principality. We acted quickly, tightening eligibility criteria for those segments.

This led to a deliberate decline in volumes and use. Once again, we are not optimizing for linear growth. We are building sustainable, resilient value for both customers and shareholders. The constraint in PIX financing was not lack of demand or unfavorable unit economics, but our choice to protect customer experience and long-term principality. Since then, we have gradually re-expanded access, improved in-app flows, and launched new features, leading to record-high originations in March. This recovery, achieved without compromising credit quality, highlights our agility, our customer-first mindset, and our long-term orientation. On the funding side, total deposits reached $31.6 billion in Q1, up 48% year over year and 1% quarter over quarter, both on an FX-neutral basis. Growth was driven by strong momentum in Mexico and Colombia, while Brazil saw a modest 1% decline, yet outperforming typical Q1 seasonality, which averages a 5% drop.

We have continued investing in our deposit franchises in Mexico and Colombia. Scaling local currency retail deposits is critical, not only to fund consumer credit at competitive terms, but also to generate data that powers our credit underwriting and customer segmentation models. We are very pleased with the pace and scale of our growth in these markets, as it has significantly de-risked our funding strategy there. Now, naturally, these investments have led to a gradual increase in our average funding costs. We have begun optimizing both the design and the pricing of our deposits in Mexico and Colombia, while still maintaining strong growth and engagement. Over the coming quarters, we expect funding costs to trend down as the base matures, though we will remain ready to adjust quickly in response to short-term opportunities or shifts in competitive dynamics.

In Q1, net interest income, or NII, grew 34% year over year and 5% quarter over quarter, both on an FX-neutral basis, reaching a new all-time high of $1.8 billion. Consolidated net interest margins, or NIM, declined 20 basis points to 17.5%, reflecting the different stages of our geographies, as we will see on the next slide. In Brazil, NIMs expanded quarter over quarter and remained stable compared to the prior year. The business continues to grow with strong profitability and resilience, supported by a competitive deposit base. The evolution of our asset mix, coupled with a gradual increase in our loan-to-deposit ratio, or LDRs, is expected to drive further NIM expansion in the coming years. Now, in Mexico and Colombia, NIMs were temporarily impacted by our decision to invest in building local deposit franchises.

These are deliberate strategic investments aimed at unlocking large-scale, low-cost funding, deepening our customer relationships, and enabling sustainable credit growth. It is nothing but the same playbook we have successfully executed in Brazil. Moving on to gross profit, which totaled $1.3 billion in Q1, down 3% sequentially, but up 32% year over year, both again on an FX-neutral basis. The quarter-over-quarter decline and the corresponding drop in gross profit margins to 40.6% was mainly driven by higher credit loss allowance and increased interest expenses in Brazil. This reflects the rise in SELIC rate, which we have not yet fully repriced across the entire portfolio. Additionally, the expansion of our deposit bases in Mexico and Colombia, while a strategically important investment, has placed short-term pressure on margins. Youssef will dive deeper into the credit allowance dynamics shortly, but I will give you a preview.

It is a seasonal effect and largely in line with prior years. Now, let's turn to operating efficiency. In Q1, our efficiency ratio improved to 24.7%, reflecting a 520 basis point sequential improvement and a 740 basis points improvement year over year. This quarter's results include a one-off impact of $47 million from the recognition of DTA credits. Yet, excluding this effect, the efficiency ratio would have been 26.7%, still a 320 basis points improvement quarter over quarter, reinforcing our position as one of the most efficient players globally. Net income reached $557 million in Q1, up 74% year over year on an FX-neutral basis. As expected, sequential growth was more moderate due to the typical first-quarter seasonality, but we still delivered another quarter of very strong bottom-line performance.

This result translated into a 27% annualized ROI, even while holding over $4 billion in excess capital across our GIOs and at the holding company. This places Nu among the most profitable financial institutions in Latin America. As we discussed Nu bank's consolidated results, as we have been doing across this presentation, it can be easy to lose sight of the performance of our digital banking business. Why? Because our reported results combine three very different realities. Number one, a more mature and scaled operations in Brazil. Number two, two high-growth early-stage markets in Mexico and Colombia, where upfront investments are still significant. And three, a holding company with close to $3 billion in excess capital. That's why we are now taking a moment to zoom in on Brazil on a standalone basis.

It is the best proof point of the strength and scalability of our digital banking model, and it is a good preview of where Mexico and Colombia are headed over time. As you look at the evolution of our scale and efficiency in Brazil, the takeaway is clear: the model delivers healthy profitability, even while offering best-in-class customer experience, wider access to financial services, and below-market pricing. We are just getting started. There is still a long runway ahead of us. With that, I will hand it over to Youssef to walk you through asset quality and the overall health of our credit portfolio. Thank you.

Youssef Lahrech (President and COO)

Thank you, Lago. Hello, everyone. Starting, as usual, with NPL trends. This quarter, 15 to 90 days NPLs rose by 60 basis points to 4.7%, broadly in line with expectations and slightly below the historical seasonal increase of 70 basis points.

As for 90-plus NPLs, we saw a 50-basis-point decline to 6.5%, outperforming historical trends. This improvement is consistent with the lower early-stage delinquency levels we observed in prior quarters, as 90-plus NPLs lagged 15 to 90 by one to three quarters. Allowance rose to $973.5 million this quarter, driven by two main factors: one, continued portfolio growth; and two, seasonal increase in early-stage delinquencies we typically see in Q1. This dynamic weighed on our risk-adjusted NIM, which declined to 8.2%. Of the 130 basis-point reduction, roughly three-quarters stemmed from seasonal effects on CLA, with the remaining impact primarily linked to short-term NIM pressures in Mexico and Colombia, as Lago mentioned earlier, reflecting our strategic investment in building local deposit franchises in those two markets. Now, turning to our coverage ratios. In the left-hand chart, we show the coverage ratio over total balance.

This metric reflects the historical evolution of our consumer credit portfolio. Over time, as the share of our interest-earning portfolio from credit cards increased, and more recently, as unsecured lending, which carries higher risk, gained share, the ratio has trended upwards, as expected. The most recent uptick also mirrors the increase in credit loss allowance we just discussed, which were driven by portfolio growth and typical first-quarter seasonality. On the right-hand side, we present the coverage ratio over 90-plus NPLs. This ratio highlights the prudence of our risk management approach, which is based on front-loading provisions under the expected credit loss model. A higher ratio here means we are reserved for potential losses down the line, in line with our disciplined and forward-looking credit philosophy. With that, we will now open the call up for questions. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

We will now start the Q&A session for investors and analysts.

If you wish to ask a question, please click on "Raise Your Hand." If your question is answered, you can exit the queue by clicking on "Put Your Hand Down." Please limit yourself to one question and a follow-up. If you have further questions, please re-enter the queue. You may submit online questions at any time today using the Q&A box on the webcast. I would like to turn the call over to Mr. Guilherme Souto, Investor Relations Officer.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Thank you, Operator. Please open the line for Jorge Cury from Morgan Stanley.

Jorge Kuri (Stock Analyst)

Hi, everyone. Thanks for the call and congrats on the numbers. Thank you also for the additional disclosure. I actually wanted to ask about the NIM in Brazil, 21.8% new disclosure. That is basically flat since the third quarter, even though SELIC rates are roughly 200 basis points higher, which increases your funding cost.

You have gone through the PIX reduction, which is a very high-yielding asset. In general, first quarters are normally seasonally weak for margins. Can you help us understand what's behind the resilience of that Brazil NIM? I know you don't provide any guidance, but is it fair to say that the NIM has really bottomed and we should see a continued improvement from here? Thank you.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

Hi, Jorge. This is Lago. Thanks so much for your question. I think you were referring to those slides 16 in which we provided disclosures for NIMs for Brazil and NIMs from a consolidated basis. Yes, we did see movements in portfolio mix, especially as we pull back from PIX financing, as we increase our exposure towards less risky customers, which would be, all else constant, a headwind for NIMs.

We also saw SELIC going up, which, all else constant, will be a slight headwind for NIMs in the short term. I think, conversely, Jorge, we did see kind of increases in LDRs, loan-to-deposit ratios, which somehow offsets those two headwinds. Therefore, we have had kind of more resilient net interest margins throughout 2024 and the first quarter of 2025. Going forward, we do expect that the benefits from balance sheet re-leveraging with increases in LDRs to be the main kind of driver for our expansion in NIMs. In the medium term, we would expect NIMs to go up, even though we can't necessarily have a high-conviction outlook for one quarter here, one quarter there. It's never linear, but we do see upside from where we are today.

Jorge Kuri (Stock Analyst)

Thank you, Lago.

If I may ask a follow-up question, and it's a clarification, I guess, you mentioned that part of the origination of secured loans was impacted because FGTS was not originating for 10 days. Is that 10 working days out of the total working days of the quarter? How do we think about the magnitude of that impact? In other words, if we just look at the average origination per day or the origination adjusted for those days, the BRL 2.9 billion in originations that you did in the quarter would have been how much higher, again, just assuming a normal rather than the 10-day loss that you had?

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

I think this issue, this operational issue that the market had with FGTS probably caused a 10% impact in the quarter for FGTS. That's the order of magnitude that I would consider for that, Jorge.

Jorge Kuri (Stock Analyst)

All right.

Thank you, and congrats again.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Our next question comes from Eduardo Rosman from BTG Pactual.

Eduardo Rosman (Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, hi, everyone. Congrats on the numbers. I think I have a question to David because a couple of days after the fourth quarter was out, I think this was at the end of February, David was part of a podcast, a newscast, where he talked about a lot of things, but a strong message came from the big excitement about the launch of Nu beyond Latin. At the end of March, we saw the announcement that you were back to day-to-day operations, taking direct leadership. Just trying to understand here how we can understand that. Is it fair to say that maybe Brazil and Mexico are maybe, I know that they are the priorities, but it's fair to say that they are, again, top priorities and maybe going beyond Latin.

It's a little bit more kind of a delay, or should we still expect any announcement by the end of the year? Just trying to understand the recent announcements and the message. Thanks.

David Vélez (Founder, CEO and Chairman)

Sure, Rosman. Thank you for the question. Yes. Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia continue to be very much the focus of the company right now, as you see in the story. There is a lot to do, even in Brazil, as we continue to monetize this base. However, we've always thought that the thesis that we're executing since 2013, which is that the future of global consumer banking is of the digital banking market, the digital banking model, it's a global thesis. It's not specific to Brazil. It's not specific to Mexico.

Some of the advantages that even Lago mentioned here in this slide, where you suddenly have this business model that can grow faster, reach more customers, generate higher return on equity for shareholders, and generate higher NPS, proves that this model is the right model to bank a very significant percentage of the population. We are thinking about that now for the next 5-10 years. We are thinking about that potential for internationalization. We are making progress with a small percentage of our allocation. I'm not ready yet to announce when we'll have more data, specifically about what the strategy there is going to be. We do think that it's going to be a big part of our story over the next 5-10 years. For now, I think all I can say is we are very, very, very focused on these three markets.

A lot of the work that we continue to do in improving platforms, in improving systems, in improving the overall quality that we have in our product, all of that ultimately is going to help out in any potential internationalization beyond the markets that we operate today.

Eduardo Rosman (Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. Thanks a lot, David. Thank you.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Our next question comes from Pedro Leduc from Itaú BBA.

Pedro Leduc (Equity Research Analyst)

Thanks, guys, for taking my question. On provision expenses and then tying it up with NIMs, historically, you guys have always overcome higher provision expenses by pricing it very adequately. No other specifics in Brazil and Mexico. When I look at the overall NII, post-cost of risk, it has been slipping a little bit. Risk-adjusted NIMs for several quarters now.

My question is, in respect to this direction going forward, when do you think you can adjust or stabilize the overall risk-adjusted NIMs? And where do you think it's going to come from? Is it going to be lower cost of risk, which honestly was the biggest surprise for me this quarter was the higher cost of risk, given that we've been underwriting more selective in the last three quarters? Trying to reconcile these pieces going forward. Thank you.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

Yeah, Leduc, thanks so much for your question. Let me try to refer you to a few slides, and then I think it will help us tie the story that we have. If you go to slide 24, you will see the evolution of our risk-adjusted net interest margin, which I believe is something that you were alluding to.

The risk-adjusted margin in the very last quarter, first quarter of 2025, had a drop of about 130 basis points. About three-fourths of the drop, three-fourths, is entirely seasonal. Every first quarter of every year, especially due to the dynamics in Brazil, as you have seen in the first quarter of 2024, as you have seen in the first quarter of 2023, you do see an increase in CLA, and you do see an increase in cost of risk in the quarter. In fact, if you take a look at the delta cost of risk in every first quarter of every year, the one in 2025 was by no means higher than the average of what we have experienced over the past three years. You can see the cost of risk in 2024. Let's say three-fourths of this was seasonal.

The other one-fourth, Leduc, was basically the result of the contraction of NIM resulting from the investments that we are doing in the deposit base of Mexico and Colombia. It is the way that we are seeing the business now, when we put this on a consolidated basis, it's harder and harder to have a very accurate perspective of each of the business because you basically have three different pieces. You have Brazil, which is a more mature, though not yet mature operations. You have Mexico and Colombia, which are high-growth operations in which we are making a lot of investments. You have a holding company that is now holding about $3 billion.

I think going forward, if you take a look at Brazil specifically, you would expect to see NIMs stable to growing as we re-leverage the balance sheet and with very attractive risk-adjusted margins that should be largely stable or going up. We do expect to continue to invest in Mexico and Colombia. The extent to which we're going to make those investments will largely depend on the additional customer engagement and the competitive dynamics that we will have there. The final thing that I would say is that in this quarter, Leduc, I think for the first time, we provided a standalone portray of the performance of Brazil. If you go to slide 21, you will see the evolution of customers, revenues, and net income in Brazil and the returns that we have had in Brazil on a standalone basis.

You can see that on the right-hand side, even when you keep net interest margins relatively flat, as we had from 2024 to 2025, you can continue to see returns on equity going up, primarily due to the re-leveraging of the balance sheet and the operating leverage that we have in our business. In our view, the portray that we are offering here on slide 21 serves not only as a reference that the business model works at scale in Brazil, but also paints the direction to which we believe Mexico and Colombia will be going in the future.

Pedro Leduc (Equity Research Analyst)

It's very complete, Lago. Thank you.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Our next question comes from Tito Labarta from Goldman Sachs.

Tito Labarta (VP)

Hi, good evening. Thank you for the call and taking my question. I guess my question is a follow-up on just the secure lending overall.

Very good trends in the quarter despite not being able to originate the FGTS loans for those 10 days. Maybe just help us think a little bit more about how that opportunity is for you because it seems like you're starting to really accelerate there, not just on FGTS, but also you mentioned public payroll lending. Grew, I think it was 50% in the quarter. Then you have private payroll. I know you don't have to give any guidance, but just help us think about how big can a secure lending portfolio get for you and how aggressive can you be there in FGTS, public payroll, and private payroll? Just to think about that long-term opportunity set for you, given it's still very early stages for you.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

No, hi, Tito. Thanks so much for the question. Look, I'll try to address those three pieces of your questions head-on.

I would just start by drawing your attention to slide 6, in which we provide our most recent view on the profit pool of Brazil. I think it helps, at least it helps me now get some perspective on what is the size of the market and where is our growth potential there. If you go to slide 6, you will notice that this is a fairly large kind of a profit pool in which we started with credit cards, where we now have 15% market share there. We continue to grow across all of the segments.

The second product that we launched was personal loans that you can see on the left-hand side of the screen, which is the single largest profit pool per se, where our customers, if I take the Social Security numbers of our customers and take them to the central bank database, they now account for nearly 60% of that profit pool. That means that we do not need to fish outside of our fishbowl to be able to grow our shares in unsecured personal loans by almost 10x. That is a massive growth for us. You go into payroll loans, which is the one that you explicitly asked. We still have a market share there of less than 1%. You go above and beyond the private payroll loan that has recently been launched, in which we are extremely excited to be part of.

If I were to slice your question in three, now public payroll loans, FGTS, and private payroll loans, I would say that in public payroll loans, we are starting to see very encouraging traction there. We grew by 50%. We are nowhere near where we want to be in this product. We are still ramping up our connectivity with a number of the collateral systems. We are signing up collateral agreements with the largest estates and municipalities. We are improving the portability flow for our customers and from customers of third-party players. As we start to see potentially interest rates dropping in Brazil over the coming quarters, you would expect to see the portability of public payroll loans to go up. That is a product that was born kind of offline. It was born through loan brokers and bank branches originations.

It is harder for us to change the behavior. The early signs are super encouraging, and we think we will get there faster than we originally thought. The interesting thing, Tito, is that when you go into FGTS, which is a product that was already born digital, right? There was no loan brokers. There were no bank branches. It is a product that we have been able to accelerate even faster. We think that in 2024, we accounted for approximately 20%-25% of the entire originations of FGTS in Brazil. In the first two months of 2025, we may have accounted for about 30% of that and growing. It goes to show that when we are able to put at play our low-cost advantages, we can have a fairly impactful role there.

In private payroll loans, we do not think it is going to be any different than the FGTS. Why? It is a product that has been born fully digital already. It is a product that we will be able to serve to a very large number of our customers with a very low-cost base, with the best UX and UI, and with a disruptive pricing. We are excited with this product. We are still testing and learning some of the collateral pipes. I do not think there is any special kind of a first-mover advantage to try to take a little bit more risk on the collateral structures until it is better tested. It is certainly a product that we expect to be leaning in very aggressively in the coming quarters and years.

Tito Labarta (VP)

Great. That is helpful, Lago. If I can, just one quick follow-up on that.

You mentioned that you do not expect any material short-term impact from potentially, I guess, maybe refinancing some unsecured loans into the private payroll. Can you give just maybe a little bit more color why you do not seem to think that there should be any impact for you guys on that?

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

Because we basically think that the size of the pie, the growth of the size of the pie will far outweigh any potential short-term cannibalization on unsecured personal loans, right? It is the best product for our customers. It is the product that we will put in front of every single customer that can benefit from this. We think that we will be able to grant more credit, better credit, and to more customers than we could otherwise do. This should be an even stronger trend than potential short-term negative impacts on unsecured personal loans.

Of course, if you're going back to, I think, Leduc's question, Tito, on a risk-adjusted basis, given this product is expected to have lower risk, not no risk, but lower risk, on a risk-adjusted basis, it should also give us a very good kind of a gross profit going forward.

Tito Labarta (VP)

Very clear. Thank you, Lago.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Our next question comes from Thiago Batista from UBS.

Thiago Batista (Executive Director)

Hi, everyone. Thanks for the opportunity. Congrats on the result. I have one question on the credit card. When I look for the active cardholders in this quarter, we saw a small contract, a small expansion, sorry, probably because this product seems to be close to the maturation in Brazil.

It caught our attention that there were about 9 million cardholders in the first few that are active in terms of revenues, but not in terms of transactions, which means about 22% of your cardholder base. This level of clients that are not using the card for new transactions is a concern for Nu. Do you have any strategy to try to reduce this number? Only to connect with this, if the restart that you recently announced, the refinance program, somehow could improve the number of active users of our cardholders.

Youssef Lahrech (President and COO)

Hey, thanks for the question. This is Youssef. Yeah, as you point out, there's always a fair number of credit card customers that are active from the revenue definition standpoint, but not necessarily from a transacting standpoint. A lot of that can be driven just by a credit limit constraint.

As you know, we tend to be very conservative, especially initially with new customers, around how we grant credit limits. We wait to see both utilization and good risk behavior before we go and expand those credit limits. What we find is when we expand those credit limits, we then see transacting behavior pick up. That is not a new phenomenon by any stretch.

Thiago Batista (Executive Director)

Okay, thanks. Congrats for the new acquisition of Guilherme. The new Guilherme.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

The new Guilherme. We have two now. Tiago, I think we forgot to address one of your questions. You asked about the renegotiations. We did announce the renegotiations in early second quarter of 2025. It has no impact whatsoever to our financial statements. We do expect it to have a mild positive impact in our financial statements in the coming quarters with higher recoveries.

More than that, and to your point, we do expect to actually see this fostering more activity within some of the credit cards. Thanks for Guilherme. We are very glad with his acquisition.

Thiago Batista (Executive Director)

Thank you. Thank you, Lago.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Thanks, Tiago. Our next question comes from Gustavo Schroden from Citi.

Gustavo Schroden (Equity Research Director)

Hi, good evening, guys, and thanks for taking my question. My question is regarding the debt renegotiation plan that you announced last month, Recomeço, which is the largest renegotiation campaign from the bank.

My first question is related to Pix Finance product and if the idea is to bring customers back to an eligible base for credit again, aiming to increase credit origination in Pix Finance, and if that would not create a more hazardous effect, putting pressure on the sustainability of Pix Finance product, creating a vicious cycle of acceleration and deceleration in the product origination in the coming quarters. Still on that, if you could share with us how the program is evolving, giving some quantitative metrics on these, and what are the main impacts expected in the balance sheet, P&L, and asset quality indicators. I am still not clear for me if it should not increase the right of balance while discounts could negatively impact its P&L. Thank you.

Youssef Lahrech (President and COO)

Hi, Gustavo. Thanks for the question. Just a few things on this program.

As Lago mentioned a minute ago, this is a new program, so it has not had any impact on the first quarter. We expect it to have a fairly small but positive impact on the second quarter. The way we think about it is this is an opportunity to give some of our customers a fresh start. Some of those customers may have had lateness and delinquency issues in the past. A lot of them have actually managed to resolve their debts either partially or fully. We want to give them an extra incentive to get back on track with their debts by providing, in some instances, in a very selective way, access to credit again. For some of them, we will reactivate their cards.

For some of them, we may offer discounts, which are very much in line with discounts we provide in collections and we have for years now successfully. It is very carefully designed and carefully tested to actually avoid any issues of moral hazard. We tend to exclude people who have shown signs of recidivism. We do not want to get people into cycles of debt. It does not serve customers. It does not serve us. It is designed carefully to incentivize people paying down their past debts, resolving them, and then getting a fresh start. Again, with often very small limits to begin with as part of this fresh start, often with secured deposits acting as a collateral for those new limits, and then very gradually increasing those limits over time as we have done very meticulously in the past as we see good repayment behavior.

All of that is kind of designed to provide incentives for customers to show that they can handle the credit again and promote healthy credit behaviors. You alluded to whether this is related in any way to Pix financing. No, it is not in any way a Pix financing play or anything like that.

Gustavo Schroden (Equity Research Director)

All right. Thank you.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Our next question comes from Mario Pierry from Bank of America.

Mario Pierry (Managing Director)

Hey, guys. Good evening. Congratulations on the results. Thanks for taking my question. I really wanted to focus on the net interest margin. Lago, you mentioned that margins in Brazil, you think that they should be going up. My concern is it feels like, or the data shows that you are growing a lot more in secured loans that should technically have lower margins than unsecured.

Also, when we think about your funding, when we look at the bulk of your funding today, it is the short maturity. As you expand into loans of a longer duration, I would imagine you have to increase the duration of your funding as well, and that should be a little bit more expensive. Given that perspective, help me understand why you think margins then can continue to go up in Brazil. It is very helpful that you show this breakdown of margins in Brazil of 21.8% net interest margin. I cannot believe that the margins in Mexico or Colombia are going to be as profitable as these. As you showed, your margins in Brazil two years ago were like 10%. I would imagine as you are growing into Colombia and Mexico, your margins are probably not going to be at the same pace as Brazil.

Technically, we should continue to see margins coming down as the composition of loans in Colombia and Mexico continue to gain a bigger share of your loans. Finally, when I look, you show this slide, the loan-to-deposit ratio of 44%. I think it is one of your slides. I think you are only doing loans to interest; you are doing deposits to interest-earning loans. You are consolidating the whole balance of deposits and loans. My understanding is that deposits that you have in Mexico cannot be used to lend in Brazil. When I look at just a loan-to-deposit ratio, not looking at interest-earning loans, it feels like that number is growing a little bit. Can you help me also understand? My question then is the funding cost. I do not know how they can improve, especially if you have to increase the duration of those deposits.

Thank you.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

No, Madre, thanks for the question. Let me try to unpack that a little bit and go point by point. If you don't mind, let me talk about Brazil, and then I'll talk about Mexico and Colombia, and then we can try to pull everything together. I think in Brazil, I don't think that, as you correctly pointed out, that cost of funding has a lot of room to improve from where it is today. We don't expect, even though we have lots of funding in Brazil, we don't expect that we will aggressively lower our cost of funding. We want to be the place where all Brazilians receive payments, make payments, and store value. We want to be very competitive there.

Yes, you are correct that as we grow the duration of our assets, so too, we will have to grow the durations of our liabilities going forward. That would actually, if anything, increase a little bit the cost of funding that we would have. Having said that, I think, first, we still have plenty of deposits within our Brazilian franchise. We still have a lot of medium to long-term funding from retail deposits in Brazil that is already embedded in our today's cost of funding. That in itself already enables us to increase in a fairly decent amount the size of our secure loan book. Remember that our unsecured loan book and our credit card book are very short-dated and can be adequately funded without any massive increases in the duration of our liabilities.

Why did I say that net interest margins in Brazil are expected to remain as they are and in the medium and long-term increase? It is because of the re-leveraging of the balance sheet. As our loan-to-deposit ratio in Brazil continues to go up, by which I mean our kind of loan book will continue to outpace our deposits, we believe that the increasing re-leveraging of the balance sheet will be a fairly relevant tailwind for our net interest margins in the country. Having said that, just wanted to, I know that you have a full appreciation of that. I just wanted to highlight this, Madre, which is the evolution of our net interest margins in Brazil, even if they stay flat for illustration purposes only. We can still materially increase the profitability of the business through operating leverage.

As we have seen the evolutions of CAC and cost to serve. I wanted to address your question head-on on net interest margins from Brazil. Now let's go to net interest margins for Mexico and Colombia. Yes, I think in Mexico, in the next few quarters, very likely the net interest margins there will be much tighter than they are in Brazil until we continue to grow and optimize our cost of funding and our loan-to-deposit ratio in the country. Almost the same way that we did, as you may recall, Mario, in Brazil about three and a half to four years ago, in which we optimized the funding when we thought that the timing was right from a competitive and customer value proposition perspective. We do expect to do so in Mexico and Colombia at some point in time, not necessarily in the next few quarters.

At that point in time, we do expect the profitability of Mexico to converge towards Brazil. I think Mexico's unit economics of our core products, namely credit cards and lending, are as compelling, if not more attractive than the ones in Brazil. I would not necessarily discard the scenario in which the profitability of Mexico can meet, if not exceed, that of Brazil. I think Colombia has a more tighter kind of need that I think the profitability there will likely be lower than in Mexico, but it is still ahead of our kind of minimum 30% or we thresh it.

Mario Pierry (Managing Director)

Clear. When you talk about profitability in Mexico being higher than in Brazil, you are talking about the ROE or you are talking about the net interest margin?

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

I am talking about the ROE and the ROE both. I am not talking about the net interest margin.

Mario Pierry (Managing Director)

Okay. Thank you.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Our next question comes from Yuri Fernandez from JP Morgan.

Yuri Fernandez (Executive Director)

Hello, good evening, and thank you for the opportunity of asking questions and also wishing good luck to both here. I have a question on cost of risk, a follow-up, and it's a question regarding stage two, the coverage of stage two. It is clear, first Q is seasonal. We have 15-90 days. You also had high origination. When we go to the stage two, in particular to the relative trigger, we note an increase this quarter on your coverage. You used to have, I don't know, high teens, 20% coverage on stage two for your relative trigger. This quarter, you build a little bit more coverage.

Just checking why is building, why Nu is building more coverage for stage two, if you're seeing a little bit more risk in that bucket, or if you're just being conservative. Whenever your cost of risk normalizes after the first Q seasonality, we could see some buffer for your cost of risk to move down. Thank you.

Youssef Lahrech (President and COO)

Hi, Yuri. Thanks for the question. This is Youssef. Yeah, you're correct in your observation. There are two things going on with stage two. As you note, one is just a normal seasonality we see in the first quarter. Stage two closely correlates to early stage delinquencies, and those tend to peak in the first quarter. There's that one effect. Then there's another effect beyond that, which has to do with the relative trigger, both in magnitude and in coverage ratio.

What we do, Yuri, is from time to time, we will recalibrate those triggers in our provision model. We've done such a recalibration in the first quarter. We've updated the criteria for the relative criteria to enter stage two. It resulted in two things. One is a slight increase in the coverage ratio for that component of stage two. You will notice at the same time, a slight decrease in the coverage of stage one because we pulled out some of those loans from that exposure from stage one. If you look at the combined impact of both stage one plus stage two, the aggregate has only increased by a little bit, by about 5% or so. We think some of that recalibration is just a pull forward of loans we would have classified as stage two later on in the future.

There is a bit of a one-time effect there.

Yuri Fernandez (Executive Director)

No, that's super clear, Youssef. Any grid? We saw the total coverage, considering all stages, has been moving up, especially for credit cards. If I may have very quickly one unrelated follow-up, just an accounting uncertainty I have here. On the BRL 47 million DTA, given this is a DTA, this is already post-taxes, or should we think on these on net taxes for your net income for the quarter?

Youssef Lahrech (President and COO)

No, you should think about this as a post-tax basis already, Yuri.

Yuri Fernandez (Executive Director)

Super clear. Thank you, Lago, and congrats on the margins showing signs of stabilization here. Thank you.

Guilherme Lago (CFO)

Thank you all.

Guilherme Souto (Investor Relations Officer)

Thank you, everyone. We now have approached six minutes of the call. We are now concluding today's call.

On behalf of Nu Holdings and our investor relations team, I want to thank you very much for your time and participation in our earnings call today. Over the coming days, we will be following up with questions received tonight that we are not able to answer. Please do not hesitate to reach out to our team if you have any further questions. Thank you and have a good night.

Operator (participant)

The Nu Holdings conference call has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.