NorthWestern Energy Group - Q3 2023

Transcript

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining-

NorthWestern Energy Group's financial results webcast for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 My name is Travis Meyer. I'm the Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer for NorthWestern. Joining us today to walk you through the results and provide an overall update are Brian Bird, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Crystal Lail, Chief Financial Officer. All participant lines are currently muted. After the presentation, we have allotted time for a Q&A session. I'll provide instructions for asking questions at that time. If you intend to ask a question or are joining us by computer, please set your Zoom identity to your first and last name and firm, so we can call on you by name and let you know when your line is open. NorthWestern's results have been released, and the release is available on our website at northwesternenergy.com.

We also released our 10-Q pre-market this morning. Please note that this company's press release, this presentation, comments by presenters, and responses to your question may contain forward-looking statements. As such, I will direct you to the disclosures contained within our SEC filings and safe harbor provisions included in the second slide of this presentation. Please also note this presentation includes non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the non-GAAP disclosures, definitions, and reconciliations also included in the presentation today. The webcast is being recorded. The archive replay of today's call will be available for one year, beginning at 6:00 P.M. Eastern today and can be found in the financial results section of our website. With that, I'll turn the presentation over to NorthWestern's CEO, Brian Bird.

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Thanks, Travis. First of all, we just completed our board meetings for the third quarter here in South Dakota. As a matter of fact, last night, we celebrated the hundredth birthday of NorthWestern Public Service. Many of you may remember, in 2012, we celebrated the hundredth birthday of the Montana Power Company. Now all of our businesses have achieved a hundredth birthday. In fact, actually, it will be this November twenty-seventh, which will be the actual date, because back on 11/27/1923, three employees from the Albert Emanuel Company incorporated NorthWestern Public Service Corporation. Just a little bit more history there. This company owned many utilities in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and other Midwestern states.

The reason that they named this NorthWestern Public Service Company is because after its incorporation, it was the group of assets that were most northwestern of all the assets they owned. So a little bit of history to start. For the quarter, the highlights certainly have to do with providing guidance both for 2023 and 2024. I think from 2023's perspective, our diluted earnings per share $3.00-$3.10 per share. For 2024, $3.42-$3.62. Crystal will give more color on the guidance of each of these and also on our long-term growth rates. Regarding those long-term growth rates, we are increasing our long-term, think five years, rate base and earnings per share growth rate targets to 4%-6%.

Much of this now hinges upon a unanimous approval of a constructive multi-party settlement in the Montana rate review, resulting in electric and natural gas increases of $67.4 million and $14.1 million, respectively. Those rates go in effect November 1, 2023. And I know Crystal will talk about this more, but I want to stop for a second just to point out, first and foremost, I think we had a very constructive settlement between all of those intervening parties that provided revenue requirement testimony and rate reviews. So, that was also constructive in and of itself.

I think how the commission handled this case, and certainly if you have the opportunity to listen in or listen in on Wednesday or have an opportunity to listen in by link, connecting to a link, you should listen in. We were extremely impressed with the slide presentation that was provided to the commission and just the comments from the commissioners, in terms of the sincerity, how they look at their jobs and their role to balance the needs of the customers, for sure, but also the needs, the financial health of the utility, and noting that, you know, there are federal and state statutes associated with that, and in many aspects that go into their decision making. It was impressive, and well done. We feel very, very good about it.

I think you've heard me say in the past, I feel good about the alignment, certainly in the governor's office, legislature, and the commission. I think what's happening from my perspective, there's certainly a observation by all of those parties, how important it is, the product or service that we provide our customers from an electric and gas perspective, and the many challenges that we face to provide that service in the future in terms of capacity and other needs. And I think people understand in order for to do that, we have to be a financially strong company. And, I think yesterday, or excuse me, Wednesday's outcome, certainly that resonated with me as I heard the commissioners vote. It wasn't lost on us, too, that it was unanimous 5-0 vote. So and we feel very, very good about that outcome.

Earlier, in the year, we got also approval to move forward with the holding company from all our jurisdictions, including Montana. We effectively, during the quarter, we effectuated the first phase of that holding company reorganization. Talk a little bit more about that later on in the presentation. During the quarter, we also finished up our ATM program. We issued $63 million of the remaining $75 million, closing out our equity distribution agreement, and we declared dividends of $0.64 per share, payable December 29, 2023, to shareholders of record as of December 15, 2023. With that, I'm going to hand it over to Crystal to walk through the financial matters.

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Thank you, Brian, and I echo your comments on coming up on the 100-year anniversary. We've been here for about 20 years of that. Feel pretty privileged to work here and work with the team, so that's a pretty cool accomplishment and getting to celebrate with those in the community, and the one last night was wonderful. So with that, my comments today, I will discuss our third quarter results. We'll also provide more commentary, as Brian alluded to, with regard to our release of 2023 and 2024 earnings guidance, along with a bit of detail on our financing plans and how we're thinking about that going forward. So slide 5. First, for the quarter, on a GAAP basis, we had an improvement of $1.9 million or 1, or a 1 cent increase.

On the non-GAAP basis, that was an improvement of $4.2 million or $0.05 or 11.4% versus the quarter in 2022. To give you a bit more detail on that, turning to the quarterly variance, I'll take you to slide 8. Among the major items, when you look at the drivers for the quarter, you see margin improvement, which added $0.11, and that was offset by the continuing trends between depreciation and interest expense, and importantly, also $0.03 of dilution from our share issuance. For a bit more detail on the quarter and how margin, that $0.11 shaped up, I'll move you to slide 9. You can see we had an improvement of $0.10, driven by interim rates in Montana. I would also tell you, for the quarter, we saw cooler summer weather.

It was also wet, across our service territories. A bit of variance there between the months, but I would remind you that last year in Q3, us and much of the Pacific Northwest, saw very warm, hot weather. So definitely a variance driving the year-over-year results here. On the silver lining of that, I would tell you that that provided some tailwinds on our PCAM. There's two pieces to that PCAM. If you recall last year, for the full year, that was about $0.10 of drag to us, but in Q3, we definitely saw a detriment there. The absence of that detriment this year was helpful, and also importantly, and I'll speak to the rate review in a bit more detail coming up here, but the adjustments that PCAM made, even through interim rates, was very significant for us.

So all of that resulted in, from a PCAM perspective, $0.05 of improvement over the quarter in 2022. But the other side of that weather is it also impacted driving lower sales volumes for us versus prior year and notably also lower demand for our transmission. Think about, you know, demand across our lines, moving power to the west of us, south and west, north and west. Less demand for that this quarter. So between those two, that's about a $0.06 drag to our earnings. So offsetting some of that improvement from interim rates. Turning to slide 10 on operating costs, you will see that we were relatively flat for the quarter versus the prior year, and you'll note that going through the first six months of the year, we have seen a bit of increase there.

That's putting our year-to-date back in line with our expectations of how we expected the year to shape up. Slide 11 really gives you a full look of how we performed for the quarter, adjusting out that non-GAAP piece. I just mentioned how weather in Q3 for us this year was unfavorable. You'll see we've added back on a net income basis, about $700,000, so $29.3 million of GAAP earnings adjusted to $30 million on a non-GAAP basis. Remind you that in prior year, that was favorable weather we were adjusting out, so that creates a $0.04 swing in results for the year. You can see there on a non-GAAP basis, again, a $4.2 million increase or 16.3% for the quarter.

Slide 12 provides a bit of detail on our cash flows, and I would note here we've been committed to our investment-grade credit rating and improving our FFO to debt. And you can see certainly a significant input, improvement in cash flow from operations here, with important changes to our PCAM and also the base rates even captured from an interim rate basis. And you can see that improvement of less cash outflows, think of it that way, versus 2022 is very significant as we move back towards delivering growth and making sure our balance sheet is strong to where it should be. So that leads me to slide 13 and talking about the Montana rate review. Brian already mentioned how critical that was and also how constructive the work session was.

We expect, based off that draft order, that the final rates will be effective November 1, and we've made a compliance filing to trigger that with the commission. Those final rates will be an adjustment from interim rates increasing, so I think interim rates are detailed previously a little over $30 million, will go to the final adjustment on a base rate basis of $81.5 million between electric and gas. And we are pleased with that outcome. While we acknowledge that we don't receive a true up back to the date of interim rates, we do keep the interim rates. So think the $30 million that we've been collecting along.

I think there's been a bit of confusion as to how that would work. So making sure we're clarifying here that effective November first, we go to the final rates incorporating the $81.5 million, and there's no adjustment to the interim rates that we collected so far on a base rate basis. We are certainly pleased with the outcome, and again, how the Commission went about working through the order and working through what we believe was a very constructive settlement amongst the intervening parties. We do need to see a final order, however, but once we see that and based off the draft order that we have reviewed and, the tenor of the work session, at this point, we don't expect that we would appeal the outcome of that docket.

But we also think, and very importantly, that it provides a solid foundation for how we move forward, and I'll address that in a couple of minutes here on how we're thinking about our, our growth and outlook. But that is certainly what allowed us to give guidance here this quarter with our update to you and to move forward. And with that, I will also talk about our South Dakota rate review, which we filed earlier this year in June. Slide 14. You've seen the details of this, and the update here is that we are working with commission staff in South Dakota. Commission staff is advocacy staff. We've been answering data requests, great questions from them on our operations and testing us appropriately as to the cost that we've included.

I would tell you that we expect we're winding down that rate or the data request process and should be moving into hopefully settlement discussions here as we're into Q4. I would also remind you that in South Dakota, there's a six-month waiting period before interim rates would be available to us, which would put us sometime in mid-December, and we're hoping to work with the commission prior to that to move this case along. And that case is critical to our outlook as we think about 2024 and moving forward. So with that, I would turn you to slide 15.

Thinking about our earnings outlook here, we are initiating guidance for 2023, as Brian mentioned, with a range of $3.00-$3.10, and for 2024, a range of $3.42-$3.62. Importantly, at the same time, we are also revising our long-term growth outlook, increasing our earnings growth range on a long-term basis to 4%-6%. I would frame that growth in two pieces. One is we're deploying capital, growing rate base that supports our customers and does the right thing, to keep them in the service that they would expect and delivering capital, deployment as we should, while we're also focused on improving our earned returns in our jurisdictions and focusing on delivering to shareholders.

So both of those pieces are how we will derive growth moving forward. I would also tell you in how we're thinking about the capital plan here, and we do expect to provide more of an update on that. But critically, in this environment, our current capital plan is sized to contain no equity in the current five-year plan, absent any opportunities incremental to that plan. So our financing of the plan will be driven by cash from operations and debt, but again, no equity in this plan, in the current five-year plan as contemplated. And part of what that is, is we are firmly committed to maintaining our investment-grade credit ratings and targeting FFO to debt of greater than 14% in 2024.

The thing that I would mention here is we certainly have plenty of capital to deploy, and our discipline around that capital allocation is focused on what we need to do on the system, balanced by our balance sheet and maintaining strong financial health and also delivering earnings at the same time. To conclude my comments, I would note that we've provided substantive updates to how we're thinking about our outlook, followed by or followed upon, solid regulatory execution. The headwinds that we've had the last couple of years, we've navigated those and have stabilized with concluding our 2023 results here. You can see the midpoint of our 2024 guidance provides what we believe is a stable platform for growth and to achieve our long-term growth that we're laying out here.

We also believe we offer a solid return potential with our earnings growth and dividend yield, with the fundamental driver being the things it should be, which is continued investment in the system to serve our customers and focusing on improving our earned returns. So with that, I will turn it back to Brian.

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Thanks, Crystal. Crystal mentioned investment. You know, on the left-hand side, near the top here, it shows a five-year history of capital investment. As you can see, over time, we've ramped up our investment as we need to over $2.1 billion over this five-year period and nearly a 16% CAGR associated with that. The level of investment on a going-forward basis, this is 2023 through 2027 five-year forecast, is $2.4 billion. Two-thirds of that is in the T&D side of our business. That investment, you know, doesn't include other supply opportunities or other opportunities that may result. As a matter of fact, we will update our 2024-2028 capital plan at the EEI Conference.

As Crystal pointed out, you know, this is consistent with our rate base growth of 4%-6% and, again, financed without the need for equity. Moving forward, you guys, I'm sure, have been following along on the, on the holdco. We're trading today with the same ticker, but we're now NorthWestern Energy Group. And I think I'll give you the five reasons why, you know, we did the, the holding company, though I'm sure many of you certainly know all of these. First and foremost, it's a common industry structure. All but one of our peers have a holding company. Number two, it provides great flexibility for financing options. Three, we, from an individual utility jurisdiction, we certainly line up our assets and debt obligations with our legal entity structure.

Four, we protect customers, ultimately, in these entities or these jurisdictional entities with ring-fencing. And five, it allowed us to exit from a bankruptcy stipulation where 20 years has since passed and was no longer relevant, but certainly important for us to enter into this bankruptcy or, excuse me, into this holding company in order to remove ourselves from the bankruptcy stipulation. So certainly pleased with how that's come about. On October second, we entered in the first phase of that, which is effectively establishing the holding company itself. All assets currently sit within NorthWestern Corporation, which reports up to the NorthWestern Energy Group. On phase two, it's on the first of the year into early 2024, we'll now separate assets that are within NorthWestern Corporation into really two parts.

NorthWestern Corporation will hold our Montana assets, and some regulated subsidiaries associated with that. We'll also have our South Dakota, Nebraska assets under NorthWestern Energy Group and some largely unregulated, very small, non-regulated subsidiaries under NorthWestern Energy Group as well. So I just think it's putting in place a structure that's common in the industry, and again, gives us much more flexibility. Lastly, I'd just say certainly the new name of the holding company, but same ticker, same shareholders, same stock plans, same board of directors, same executive team, same policies. And so, we're essentially, from an employee perspective, it looks very, very the same as it has been in the past, except for obviously the many people who worked really hard to put this in place.

And obviously, phase two here is still in process, and then once even we execute that, there'll be things we'll need to do in 2024. And I am more excited about having this. It's been a long journey. Way back, I think it was in 2008, 2009, we first brought up the concept of a holding company in front of the Montana commissioners, and we placed... We really struggled with that concept. Other jurisdictions were comfortable moving forward, but we're certainly pleased earlier in the year, being able to get that approval and to move forward, and moving on from there. And with that, just again, concluding thoughts before we hand it over to Q&A. Certainly, Crystal shared her sentiments as well.

Again, I think we feel very, very good about how our settlement was dealt with, but we still have a lot of execution we need to do on a going-forward basis. But feel very, very good about how we're set up to perform in 2024, certainly not only for our shareholders on this earnings call, but certainly equally important, our customers and other stakeholders. With that, I'll open it up for Q&A.

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

Thank you, Brian and Crystal. Just a reminder, if you're joining us by computer today and would like to ask a question, please signal your intent by using the Raise Hand button found at the bottom toolbar of your screen. You also may push Alt Y on a PC or Option Y on a Mac to raise your hand. Please make sure your microphone is unmuted if you are in the queue to ask a question. If you're dialed in by phone, you can press star nine to raise your hand and star six to unmute your line to ask a question. Again, that's star nine to raise your hand and star six to unmute.

If you haven't provided your name in the Zoom ID, please be listening to announce your Zoom ID or the last four digits of your telephone number to identify that your line is open and ready for a question. We'll give it one moment here just to accumulate some questions in the queue. We will take our first question from Jonathan Reeder at Wells Fargo, please. Jonathan, you should be unmuted.

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

All right. Can you hear me okay, then?

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

Sure can.

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

All right. Yeah, there was a new dialog box that popped up this time, so-

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

Ah!

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

Warning to others. Got to click on that. Yeah. No, thanks for taking my questions, team. So in terms of the equity, is it safe to assume that, you know, the new five-year plan that you'll presumably roll out at EEI will be self-funded as well? You know, in other words, no equity absent, you know, larger projects such as new generation or something coming into the fold.

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Yeah. Hi, Jonathan, and happy Friday afternoon. I'll take that one. Yes, it is safe to assume we're sizing our capital plans, consistent with no equity, as we think about those current plans.

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

Okay. Figured that'd be the case, that you wouldn't say no equity today and then two weeks later, change it, so.

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

I feel like that would not be a good move from a perspective, so no.

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

Great. Moving on to some regulatory stuff, I think you've typically reached settlements in South Dakota. Do you expect that that will be the case again this time around, or is the size of the request large enough that, you know, the key parties will want to fully litigate it?

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

I would certainly expect that we will continue to work with staff from an advocacy perspective and would expect that we would reach a settlement there.

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

Great. And then, last one from me is, you know, I know you just completed the Montana rate case, and congratulations on that outcome. But just wanted to see if you're still thinking that the rate case cadence could be every two years, or, you know, does the one-time adjustment, you know, for Yellowstone County under the settlement allow you to push out the next Montana filing a little longer?

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Yeah, Jonathan, I think I'd say this: I mean, we have to evaluate what's the best way to start getting recovery of our costs at Yellowstone. Obviously, we'll continue construction into 2024 with the hopes of having it done before summer peak, certainly in the third quarter. But you know, if we have to look at the best way to recover our costs, and if that means filing a rate review with known and measurables, that would have to come into play. I think the one thing to keep in mind here, that what we just had an outcome on Wednesday was a 2021 test year, right? And we're approaching 2024. Our investment continues to go up. Our costs continue to go up, including interest expense.

And so, you know, there's continued pressure here, and as you, as Crystal mentioned earlier, you know, we want to, you know, earn as close to our authorized returns as we possibly can, and that's in order to deliver what we're committing here today, we need to stay on top of that. But we need to certainly think through that. There's another alternative to try to collect costs on Yellowstone, we can think about, but we have to consider all of that in very short order, to be quite frank.

Jonathan Reeder (Equities Research Analyst)

Okay. No, great. Again, congrats on the outcome, and look forward to seeing you guys at the,

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Thanks, Jonathan.

Thanks, Jonathan. We will take our next question from a telephone line with the last four digits of 5805.

Tanner James (VP and Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, good afternoon. This is Tanner James. Hi, this is Tanner James stepping in for Julien at Bank of America. How are you guys doing?

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Oh, good. Good, good.

Good to see you, Tanner. Or good to hear you, I guess, Tanner.

Tanner James (VP and Equity Research Analyst)

Thanks. You know, given the pretty constructive rate increase outcome and you're guiding. You upgraded the guide from on the low end of your long-term EPS growth rate. What are the different factors you observed that could help you get to the top end of your stated annual growth range? Is the growth rate fairly linear, or is it more lumpy, perhaps, depending on rate case timing?

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Tanner, this is Crystal. I'll take a shot at it, and then Brian can pile on here. But we certainly, as everyone will acknowledge, we've been lumpy in the past, and when you have a historic test period across our jurisdictions, lack of kind of a formula rate or future-looking, I think we will continue to be lumpy. And certainly, as you think of what drives us into the upper end of our range versus lower, it will be how that recovery is timed that will do that, and then the other piece is any opportunities incremental to what we're doing here obviously would push us upward in that range.

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

I would say this: I think we're already demonstrating a tad of lumpiness here. We've used 2022 as a base year, obviously, and when you look at 2023's results and then guides to 2024, that in and of itself demonstrates a lumpiness. I think the previous question from Jonathan in terms of cadence here, it's just hard and obviously we could offset in other jurisdictions when we're coming in for rate reviews, but I just think it is gonna be a tad lumpy.

Tanner James (VP and Equity Research Analyst)

Understood. Thank you. And you stated in your investment program that it's sized for no equity issuance unless there's future generation capacity additions or other strategic opportunities. What could other strategic opportunities look like? Is there anything you guys would actively consider on that front?

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Yeah, that's a great question. I think we continue to look at transmission investment opportunities and something like that could come into play. And we just need to understand also those opportunities, the ability to how quickly we could recover those costs as well have to come into play. So it... things like that.

Tanner James (VP and Equity Research Analyst)

Understood. Great. Thank you very much, guys.

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

Thanks, Tanner. All right, we'll take our next question from Jamieson Ward at Guggenheim. You should be unmuted, Jamieson.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

Yep, can you hear me?

Yep. Yeah, we can hear you, Jamieson. How you doing?

Perfect. I did the star nine and the unmute on the screen, and I think I dialed in the code correctly and did the formula. You guys have made this simpler-

Life is good.

-than it has been, you know, in the past while, so, so thank you for that. So, first of all, just quickly, congratulations, on a great result there. Wanted to ask, specific to the holdco, because a few of my other questions have been asked already, so I'll move past those. So basically, now that you have a holdco, should we read anything into the zero equity issuance, plan, associated with your current capital plan as, implying that holdco leverage, like many or all of your peers who have holdcos, have done, will be a source of funding, that will allow you to go from being an equity issuer in recent years to no longer being one, while still kind of maintaining the same CapEx profile? Or is there something else to read into there?

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Jamieson, it's Crystal. I'll take that one, and I would say no, there's nothing to read into that. My, my comments on our structure are this: we're still the same company and the capital structure, we don't anticipate being different than it was before. We've always carried a degree of debt on our revolver to finance our CWIP program. We will continue to do that, but no intention to look at the capital structure in a different way. Our thoughts on equity and the plan are two things: It's got to-- if you're going to issue equity currently in this environment and where utilities are trading, I think it's really got to be for accretive growth, and so regardless of the holdco structure or not.... Our plan is to issue equity when it makes sense and when investors will see the growth that's behind that.

Absent that, sizing our capital plan to make sure we're keeping customer bills in mind, keeping our balance sheet in mind, but also keeping the ability to keep the lights on and the gas flowing in mind. It's a challenge, but we think it's important in the current environment to have no equity in the plan regarding with the structure.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

Gotcha. Gotcha. Thank you for that. In the case that you do end up making use of leverage at the holdco for one reason or another, as time goes on, that's something that you'll have available to you. Do you have any concerns around the commission eventually impeding double leverage?

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

You're way ahead of me, Jamieson. You know, our message to the commission and the ring-fencing we've set up is, you know, same company. It's the structure every other utility uses. And certainly, holdco leverage is no longer free, as it was for a while, or close to darn free. So we have no intentions there. The message we've given our commission in our filings is any of our unsecured borrowings are not in our capital structure, and none of this changes while the legal restructuring changes any of that message to the commission on how we think about our capital structure.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

Gotcha. Thank you. Very clear. And then that's it for holdco questions. Just had two more quick ones here. One was just how many years does the no equity commitment last? I know the question was asked earlier about whether when you roll forward to the five-year plan, you know, would you be changing the messaging, and you said you wouldn't be doing that. But just wondering if you can give us any additional color on how long that might hold for.

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Jamieson, I think your question is a little similar to Jonathan's, which it will definitely hold for three weeks until EEI, but that's my sarcasm coming through. As we think about our current five-year plan, there's no equity in that. I would tell you very candidly, every year, we're going to take a look at that. We're going to take a look at what financing makes sense and what our opportunities are in the plan. But as we plan out, that current five-year plan and what we will roll forward to EEI on the CapEx side, we intend to hold to the no equity as long as the current environment looks like it does. But we will continue to evaluate that and update you guys, on an annual basis, like we always do.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

Got it. Thank you. And then, timing of rate cases was already answered, lumpiness was answered. Last one I have is, were there any asks that you had in this case, which in hindsight, it might not have been the right time for, but anything that you might potentially reincorporate into your next rate filing and, and look to maybe achieve, accomplish, or add to your, your regulatory tools, at that point in time?

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Good question, Jamieson. I would say it this way: you know, we tried some methods. We deviated from just the historical test year concept and just going with that. We tried some trackers. We believe all three of those make great sense. We obviously, through the settlement, got the deferral on our wildfire program, which is very, very helpful for us to obviously be able to allocate more dollars to that program. And we're going to have to continue to look at those types of trackers and other mechanisms to help us recover quicker.

We believe ultimately, over time, we'll be able to persuade not only the commission, but the intervening parties, just from the ability to make it an easier means to recover our costs and maybe allow us not to be as frequent of filers from a rate review perspective.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

Got it. Thank you very much. Appreciate the answers.

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Thank you.

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

And hey, hey, Jamieson, one other thing for you, you know, you guys ask the hard questions, so we kind of want to make it hard for you to get in to ask yours. So just so you know.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

No worries.

Crystal Lail (VP and CFO)

Thank you.

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Thanks.

Jamieson Ward (Equity Research Analyst)

Thanks again.

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Have a good weekend.

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

With that, we've exhausted all of our questions, so if Brian, any closing comments?

Brian Bird (President and CEO)

Yeah, I think, you know, from my perspective, Crystal mentioned 20 years. It'll be my 20 years, December third, in 2023 here. Travis certainly been with us 20 years as well. You know, 60 years from the three of us. The collective executive team, many of those folks have over 30 years experience, some new. But from my perspective, it's the people at this company that make this a great company. I certainly appreciate working with you, too, but certainly reach out to all of our employees and thank them as well. It's a great company.

Travis Meyer (Director of Corporate Development and Investor Relations Officer)

Thanks, Brian. With that, you may disconnect, and obviously, if there's any other questions, please feel free to reach out. Have a good day and a great weekend.