Total Revenue

+2% (from $1,747M to $1,784M)

Total Revenue increased modestly in Q1 2025 due to stable net interest income and fee-based revenue, building on incremental improvements seen in previous periods that reflected a well‐managed balance sheet mix and modest growth in non‐interest income. " "

Net Income

+33% (from $368M to $490M)

The Net Income jump was driven by a stronger net interest income environment and improved comprehensive income – notably, a better performance in Q1 2025 relative to Q1 2024 – indicating a more favorable mix of revenue and cost management, contrasting with the weaker performance in the previous period. " "

Provision for Credit Losses

–18% (from $152M to $124M)

The reduction in the Provision for Credit Losses reflects improved asset quality and a normalization in credit losses compared to the prior period, where higher provisions were needed; this improvement in credit conditions helped lower the required reserves by nearly 18% YoY. " "

Total Non‑Interest Expense

–8% (from $1,131M to $1,039M)

The Total Non‑Interest Expense decline was achieved through continued cost management and operational efficiencies, reducing expenses compared to the higher levels recorded in Q1 2024, which had been affected by various operational and miscellaneous costs. " "

Long‑Term Borrowings

+81% (from $3,327M to $6,019M)

The significant surge in Long‑Term Borrowings was primarily driven by new debt issuances and increased Federal Home Loan Bank advances as part of a strategic shift toward higher leverage, a trend that contrasts with the lower borrowings level recorded in Q1 2024. " "

Total Equity

+8.7% (from $17,078M to $18,567M)

Total Equity strengthened due to robust net income and positive changes in other comprehensive income in Q1 2025, which offset reductions from dividends and share repurchases; this reflects the positive cumulative impact of earnings improvements and capital management initiatives compared to Q1 2024. " "

Net Interest Income

FY 2025

Expected to increase between 2% and 5% "

Projected to grow between 1% and 4% "

lowered

Adjusted Noninterest Income

FY 2025

Expected to grow between 2% and 4% "

Expected to grow between 1% and 3% "

lowered

Adjusted Noninterest Expense

FY 2025

Expected to increase approximately 1% to 3% "

Expected to be flat to up approximately 2% "

lowered

Net Charge-Offs

FY 2025

Expected to be towards the higher end of the range of 40–50 bp "

Expected to be towards the higher end of the range of 40–50 bp "

no change

Loan Growth

FY 2025

Average loan growth is expected to be approximately 1% "

Average loans expected to remain relatively stable versus 2024 "

lowered

Deposit Growth

FY 2025

Deposits expected to remain relatively stable, with modest consumer growth offset by commercial declines "

Average deposits expected to be stable to modestly higher compared to 2024 "

no change

Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Ratio

FY 2025

Managed closer to the 9.25%–9.75% operating range "

Expected to manage CET1 inclusive of AOCI closer to the lower end of 9.25%–9.75% "

lowered

Operating Leverage

FY 2025

no prior guidance

Committed to generating positive operating leverage in the range of 50 to 150 basis points "

no prior guidance

Buybacks

FY 2025

no prior guidance

Likely to lean into buybacks if loan growth remains muted, supported by strong capital generation of 40 basis points per quarter "

no prior guidance

Net Interest Income

Q2 2025

no prior guidance

Expected to grow approximately 3% "

no prior guidance

Capital Markets Revenue (Near Term)

Quarterly

no prior guidance

Expected to run around $80 million to $90 million per quarter "

no prior guidance

Capital Markets Revenue (Long Term)

Quarterly

no prior guidance

Believed to consistently generate approximately $100 million per quarter "

no prior guidance

Second Quarter Salaries and Benefits Expense

Q2 2025

no prior guidance

Expected to be up modestly compared to the first quarter "

no prior guidance

Net Interest Income Growth

Prior periods (Q2–Q4 2024) emphasized strategic asset repositioning, fixed‐rate asset turnover, and deposit cost management to drive modest NII growth (e.g. projections of 2–5% full‐year growth, benefit from lower deposit costs, repositioning benefits) " " " " "

Q1 2025 guidance projects full‑year NII growth between 1% and 4% with a modest quarterly decline largely offset by lower deposit costs and plans for rebound in Q2 " "

Consistent emphasis on NII growth remains, though guidance has been moderated amid increased macro uncertainty.

Loan Growth Dynamics and Demand

Q2–Q4 2024 discussions highlighted modest loan growth with stability in average loans, soft demand in certain sectors, and delays caused by customer caution (e.g. modest consumer and C&I growth, pipeline soft but with potential pickup) " " " " "

Q1 2025 reflects similar trends with near‑term stability, a slight decline in ending loans (1% drop) and customers delaying decisions due to uncertainty (e.g. tariff concerns) " "

Persistent softness in loan growth with consistent customer caution; outlook remains subdued with possible acceleration later if uncertainty diminishes.

Deposit Growth and Stability

In Q2–Q4 2024, deposits were characterized by modest, seasonally driven growth, stable mix of noninterest-bearing ratios, and active management of deposit costs (exhibiting growth of around 1–3% and stable noninterest-bearing deposits in the low 30%s) " " " " "

Q1 2025 reported average deposit growth of 1% and ending balances up by 3%, with ongoing improvements in deposit cost management (e.g. 11 basis point drop in interest-bearing deposit costs) "

Stable and steady deposit performance continues; consistent focus on maintaining low-cost funding amid economic uncertainty.

Fee Revenue Expansion

Q2–Q4 2024 earnings calls detailed steady growth in treasury management, consumer checking, and debit card fee revenue—with treasury and fee‐based products showing robust year‑over‑year gains and occasional capital markets volatility impacting overall fee numbers " " " " "

Q1 2025 maintained momentum with record treasury management revenue, growth in consumer checking, and modest overdraft fee increases driven by account growth, despite some headwinds in capital markets " " "

Continuous growth in fee revenue segments, with a strong emphasis on treasury and checking accounts; occasional volatility (especially in capital markets) remains a factor.

Capital Management and Shareholder Returns

Across Q2–Q4 2024, the focus was on maintaining a robust CET1 ratio (typically in the 9.25%–10.8% range), disciplined use of capital for loan growth, dividends, and share buybacks, and flexible adjustments in buyback volumes depending on loan performance " " " " " "

Q1 2025 reported a CET1 ratio of 10.8% (or 9.1% adjusted for AOCI), with continued share repurchases and dividends (e.g. $242 million buybacks, $226 million dividends), and an explicit plan to lean on buybacks given muted loan growth " " "

Steady and disciplined capital allocation continues, with shareholder returns prioritized amid cautious loan growth forecasts.

Operating Leverage and Expense Management

In Q2–Q4 2024, management discussed efforts to achieve positive operating leverage by balancing revenue growth with controlled expense increases, with expected adjusted noninterest expenses rising only modestly (1–3%), while investing in technology, talent, and operational efficiency measures " " " " "

Q1 2025 emphasized controlled expense increases (around 1% quarterly rise), leveraging cost controls (lower headcount, retirements, technology savings) to sustain positive operating leverage in the 50 to 150 basis point range " "

Consistent focus on tight expense management and positive operating leverage, even as investments continue; sentiment remains cautiously optimistic about efficient cost-growth balance.

Technology Investments and System Upgrades

Q2–Q4 2024 commentary highlighted significant investments in new deposit and loan systems (e.g. cloud-based projects with timelines into 2025–2027), spending 9%–11% of revenue on technology, and broad initiatives to enhance digital and mobile capabilities " " " "

Q1 2025 mentioned leveraging technology for cost control and incremental improvements to support growth, although fewer specific project details were given compared to prior periods " "

Ongoing long-term investments in technology continue, with system upgrades remaining a strategic priority; while details are less emphasized in Q1 2025, commitment is unchanged.

Credit Quality Concerns and Elevated Charge-Offs

Q2–Q4 2024 discussions consistently noted charge-offs in the 40–50 basis point range, with specific portfolios (office, senior housing, transportation) under close monitoring and allowances held stable (ACL around 1.78%–1.79%), with some expectation of episodic elevation in Q4 and beyond " " " "

Q1 2025 indicated elevated charge-offs at 52 basis points with increased allowances (ACL up to 1.81%), noting continued pressure in identified portfolios and anticipating higher losses in H1 before improvements later " " " "

Slightly more negative sentiment in Q1 2025 with charge-offs above target; however, the approach to reserving and managing credit quality remains consistent, with expectations for improvement as the environment stabilizes.

Macro Economic and Political Uncertainty

Previous calls (Q2–Q4 2024) frequently mentioned uncertainty from political developments, tariff issues, and broader economic headwinds impacting customer sentiment and lending pipelines, with expectations that clarity (e.g. on tax reform, tariffs) would eventually catalyze growth " " " "

Q1 2025 continues to reflect macroeconomic and political uncertainty causing customers to delay investments, citing tariff concerns, heightened economic caution, and extended timelines for sentiment stabilization (90 days to 6 months) " " " "

Persistent uncertainty remains a key challenge; consistent caution in customer investment decisions continues to dampen loan demand despite potential long‐term improvements if clarity returns.

Competitive Pressures in Lending and Deposit Markets

Across Q2–Q4 2024, competitive dynamics were noted in both lending (e.g. intensified competition in attractive markets, risk-adjusted lending challenges) and in deposits (e.g. need for competitive yet fair deposit pricing, managing excess liquidity), with ongoing emphasis on protecting core markets " " " " "

Q1 2025 reaffirmed these challenges with customers delaying loan uptake amid economic uncertainty while deposit growth remained modest with competitive deposit cost management (e.g. stable deposit mix and modest increases in balances) "

Consistent competitive pressures across both segments continue; while deposit advantages persist, lending remains subdued amid customer caution and market headwinds.

Capital Markets Fee Revenue Volatility

In Q2–Q4 2024, capital markets revenue was consistently described as volatile—episodic M&A, syndication, and swap income fluctuations, with expectations ranging from $70–$100 million per quarter depending on market conditions and rate environments " " "

Q1 2025 reported continued volatility with capital markets fee revenue expected to remain lower (around $80–$90 million per quarter) due to subdued activity in M&A, real estate, and loan syndications, amid a challenging rate environment " "

Volatility persists in the capital markets segment, with near-term revenue remaining under pressure; optimism exists for improvement if market conditions and interest rates become more favorable.

Noninterest Expense Pressures and Efficiency Ratio Challenges

Q2–Q4 2024 commentary detailed modest expense pressures with adjusted noninterest expenses rising slowly (increases of 1–3% annually) and ongoing initiatives to further lower efficiency ratios (aiming for the lower 50s) through technology, process improvements, and cost optimization " " " "

Q1 2025 saw a modest 1% increase in adjusted noninterest expense driven by salaries and benefits, with management emphasizing controlled expense growth and a focus on maintaining positive operating leverage despite continued investments " "

Expense discipline remains robust; while pressures persist, a clear strategy to improve efficiency and maintain operating leverage continues unchanged.

Reduced Emphasis on Yield Curve Benefits and Fixed‐Rate Asset Turnover

In Q2 2024, executives highlighted the benefits of a robust yield curve and fixed‐rate asset turnover, expecting improvements in NIM as the yield curve normalized (targeting NIM of 3.75%–3.80% when rates fall) " " " "

Q1 2025 discussion focused on projecting NII growth from fixed‐rate asset turnover while not explicitly emphasizing yield curve benefits, reflecting an adaptation to a more uncertain macro environment "

A subtle shift is evident – while fixed‐rate asset turnover remains critical, the explicit focus on yield curve benefits has been reduced in Q1 2025 as uncertainty leads management to adjust expectations.