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Lucy To

Chief Financial Officer at SAB Biotherapeutics
Executive

About Lucy To

Lucy To, 38, has served as Chief Financial Officer of SAB BIO since August 12, 2024, bringing 18+ years of investment banking and strategic operating experience; she holds a B.A. in finance from Southern Methodist University and advised biopharma clients on transactions totaling over $50 billion in aggregate value . Her compensation framework ties annual cash incentives to Company and personal performance goals set by the Compensation Committee; specific performance metrics (e.g., revenue, EBITDA, TSR) are not disclosed in public filings . Her initial equity grant vests 25% on the one-year anniversary of July 26, 2024 and the remaining 75% in 36 equal monthly installments thereafter, aligning long-term incentives with tenure while creating a gradual vesting cadence .

Past Roles

OrganizationRoleYearsStrategic Impact
Wells Fargo (Healthcare Investment Banking)Managing DirectorOct 2020 – Jun 2024Led financing and strategic transactions for biopharma; part of >$50B aggregate transaction value
Deutsche Bank (Healthcare Investment Banking)DirectorJul 2017 – Oct 2020Executed M&A, IPOs, equity/debt financings in healthcare sector
Intercept PharmaceuticalsExecutive/operational roleNot disclosedContributed strategic operational expertise
CitigroupInvestment bankingNot disclosedHealthcare IB experience
CowenInvestment bankingNot disclosedHealthcare IB experience

External Roles

  • No external public company directorships or committee roles disclosed for Lucy To in available filings .

Fixed Compensation

ItemDetail
Base Salary$475,000 per annum
Signing BonusOne-time deferred $125,000, payable only after the Company closes ≥$20,000,000 in aggregate net equity financing and contingent on employment in good standing through Oct 31, 2024
BenefitsEligibility for company benefit plans; reimbursement of reasonable business expenses; 20 days paid vacation annually
Travel PolicyBusiness class permitted for flights >6 hours (or 5–6 hours departing after 9pm) if obtained at reasonable cost
Term & Auto-RenewalInitial term ending Dec 31, 2024; automatically extends for successive 1-year terms unless non-renewal notice ≥90 days prior
LocationHome office as designated location; regular travel to Miami, FL and Sioux Falls, SD

Performance Compensation

MetricWeightingTargetActualPayoutVesting/Timing
Annual Cash BonusNot disclosed45% of base salaryNot disclosed2024 prorated; must be employed at payment unless noted; based on Company and personal goals set by Compensation Committee Annual per bonus plan
  • Clawback policy applies to incentive-based compensation tied to financial reporting measures per Dodd-Frank/SOX; Company will not indemnify or advance funds for clawbacks .

Equity Ownership & Alignment

ItemDetail
Initial Equity GrantOptions to acquire 125,000 shares under the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Vesting Schedule25% vests on the one-year anniversary of July 26, 2024 (Effective Date); remaining 75% vests in 36 equal monthly installments thereafter
Beneficial Ownership (Aug 1, 2025)33,854 shares underlying options exercisable within 60 days; <1% of total
Ownership GuidelinesCompany discloses robust stock ownership guidelines for executive officers; specific multiples, status, and compliance timing not disclosed
Hedging/PledgingHedging of Company stock is prohibited for directors, officers, and employees per insider trading policy; pledging not specifically addressed in available filings

Employment Terms

ProvisionDetail
Good ReasonIncludes material diminution in status/authority/duties, material base salary reduction, or relocation >50 miles from designated location
Non-Compete/Non-SolicitSubject to standard restrictive covenants via Confidential Information, Assignment of Rights, Non-Solicitation and Non-Competition Agreement (Exhibit A)
Severance (Outside CoC)With release: prior-year accrued bonus (if any); 100% acceleration of unvested equity; lump sum equal to 12 months base salary; COBRA reimbursement for 6 months
Severance (During CoC Period, 12 months post-CoC)With release: prior-year accrued bonus; prorated 100% of target bonus for year of termination; 100% acceleration of unvested equity; lump sum equal to 18 months base salary; COBRA reimbursement for 12 months
CoC Look-BackIf qualifying termination occurs ≤60 days pre-CoC, pays CoC-level benefits net of any amounts already paid
280G Excise Tax“Best net” approach with automatic reduction (cutback) if it avoids 4999 excise tax and results in higher after-tax proceeds; no gross-up
409A ComplianceAgreement intended to comply with or be exempt from 409A; includes 6-month delay for “specified employees” if required
ArbitrationAAA employment arbitration; venue in South Dakota or mutually agreed AAA office; 60-day target completion; equitable relief carve-outs
ClawbackIncentive-based compensation subject to Company’s clawback policy consistent with Dodd-Frank, SOX, and listing standards

Investment Implications

  • Pay-for-performance structure: Cash bonus targeted at 45% of base and equity options are the primary at-risk levers; specific operational/financial metrics are not disclosed, limiting transparency into pay-performance alignment .
  • Retention and selling pressure: Vesting cliff on July 26, 2025 followed by 36 monthly installments creates a steady vesting cadence; combined with full acceleration on certain separations, this can reduce retentive “hook” and may introduce periodic selling pressure once shares vest/exercise, subject to trading windows .
  • Governance quality: Presence of a clawback policy, arbitration, and 280G cutback (no gross-up) are shareholder-friendly; hedging prohibitions support alignment, though low personal ownership (<1%) suggests limited “skin-in-the-game” compared to larger equity stakes .
  • Change-of-control economics: 18 months of salary, target bonus proration, and full equity acceleration during the CoC period can incentivize transaction support but may create overhang on potential dilution and post-transaction talent risk if not offset by long-term equity awards .
  • Contract flexibility and risk: Auto-renewal with Good Reason protections and remote-first designated location provide flexibility, but non-compete/non-solicit scope is referenced as “standard” without detailed duration/scope disclosure, leaving some uncertainty on post-termination restrictions .