Sign in

You're signed outSign in or to get full access.

Robert Rush

Vice President and Chief Risk Officer at TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT
Executive

About Robert Rush

Robert Rush (age 57) serves as Vice President and Chief Risk Officer (CRO) of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (“TWO”), a role he has held since 2014 after joining the company in 2013; he holds a B.S. in Mathematics (Fordham) and an M.S. in Operations Research & Statistics and Ph.D. in Decision Sciences & Engineering Systems (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) . TWO delivered a 2024 total economic return (TER) on common book value of 7.0% and paid $1.80 in dividends per common share (c. 14% average dividend yield), while reported common book value declined to $14.47; performance incentives emphasize TER/TSR alignment . For the 12 months ended September 30, 2024 used for annual incentive benchmarking, absolute TER was 8.9% (near target payout) while relative TER was at the 17.8th percentile (0% payout on that metric) . Over the 2022–2024 PSU performance cycle, absolute TSR was negative and relative TSR was below median, resulting in a 39.4% payout of target for that tranche, reinforcing downside pay sensitivity to longer-horizon stock performance .

Past Roles

OrganizationRoleYearsStrategic Impact
Two Harbors Investment Corp.Vice President and Chief Risk Officer2014–presentOversees enterprise and investment risk management across MSR and Agency RMBS; enhanced internal risk monitoring/reporting framework .
Two Harbors Investment Corp.Managing Director2013–2014Senior risk leadership upon joining TWO .
UBS AG – Non-Core and Legacy GroupManaging Director, Director of Risk Strategy2013Oversaw exit from capital-inefficient businesses .
UBS – StabFund Investment Mgmt GroupHead of Risk Analytics2009–2012Led analytics and interest rate risk management for multi‑billion RMBS/CMBS/ABS/loan portfolio .
UBS – Workout/Global CDO GroupHead CDO & Esoteric Asset Trader; Co‑managed ABS/CMBS Derivatives Structuring2006–2008Trading/structuring leadership in complex securitized products .
John Hancock/Declaration Mgmt & ResearchVP & Director of Quantitative Research1999–2006Led quant research supporting fixed‑income asset management .
Queues Enforth DevelopmentSenior Operations Researcher1998–1999Analytics/optimization work .

External Roles

No outside public company directorships or committee roles disclosed for Mr. Rush .

Fixed Compensation

Metric202220232024
Base Salary ($)500,000 500,000 490,385
Target Annual Incentive ($)425,000 (85% of base)
Actual Annual Incentive Paid ($)364,723 570,000 377,060

Notes:

  • 2024 base salaries for Ms. Sandberg, Mr. Letica, Ms. Riskey and Mr. Rush were unchanged; for 2025, no base salary adjustments are expected for Mr. Dellal, Ms. Sandberg, or Mr. Rush .

Performance Compensation

Annual Incentive Framework (2024)

ComponentWeightMetric/ContinuumTarget2024 Actual/Payout
Financial35%Absolute TER (<1%, 1%, 9%, >15%) → 0/25/100/200%9.0%8.9% → 99% of target
Financial35%Relative TER vs. peer group (<25th, 25th, 50th, 80th) → 0/50/100/200%50th %ile17.8th %ile → 0%
Strategic & Operational30%Company goals in earnings power, processes/controls, risk/Cyber, stakeholder engagementQualitativeCommittee-judged achievements across RoundPoint integration, DTC recapture launch, capital structure, controls/cyber .

2024 Payout (Rush): $377,060 total (Financial portion based on 99%/0% outcomes; S&O portion based on Committee assessment) .

Long-Term Incentives (Structure and 2024 Grants)

  • Structure: 50% PSUs and 50% RSUs; PSUs vest after 3-year performance period on absolute and relative TSR (equal weight); RSUs vest ratably over 3 years; dividend equivalents accrue subject to vesting .
  • 2024 target LTI for Rush: $475,000 (95% of base; $237,500 PSUs / $237,500 RSUs) .
  • 2024 grant details (January 8, 2024):
    • RSUs: 16,760 units; grant-date fair value $237,489; vest ratably over 3 years beginning on first anniversary .
    • PSUs: Threshold 6,337; Target 16,899; Max 33,798; grant-date fair value (at target) $273,595; performance period 3 years on TSR metrics .

2022 PSU Cycle Outcome (for awards granted in 2022; performance period 2022–2024):

MetricWeightActualPayout (% of target)
3‑yr Absolute TSR50%(24.2)%0%
3‑yr Relative TSR50%39.4th %ile78.9%
Weighted PSU Payout100%39.4%

Additional facts:

  • No stock options are currently granted under the 2021 Plan; no option repricing or buyouts without shareholder approval .

Stock Vested in 2024 (Select Events)

Award TypeOriginal GrantVesting DateShares VestedValue at Vest
PSU (2018–2021 cycle)May 19, 2021Jan 8, 20246,887$97,589
RSUFeb 7, 2022Feb 7, 20245,296$64,452
RSUJan 13, 2023Jan 13, 20246,454$87,710

Equity Ownership & Alignment

ItemDetail
Beneficial Ownership (SEC)48,698 common shares as of March 19, 2025 (<1% of outstanding) .
Unvested Outstanding Awards (12/31/2024)RSUs: 16,760 (2024); 12,909 (2023); 5,297 (2022). PSUs (target basis): 16,899 (2024); 19,363 (2023); 15,889 (2022). See market values in proxy table .
Stock Ownership GuidelinesNEOs must hold 3x base salary within 5 years; Rush total stock ownership counted for guideline purposes: 69,176 shares valued $815,914 vs $1,500,000 requirement as of 12/31/2024; expected to reach within five years .
Hedging/PledgingProhibited for directors and executive officers under both governance highlights and Insider Trading Policy .
ClawbackRobust recoupment policy (mandatory for restatements; discretionary for misconduct causing material harm); 3‑year lookback; NYSE-compliant as of Dec 1, 2023 .

Employment Terms

TopicDetails
Employment AgreementNo individual employment agreement; standard employee confidentiality agreement including non‑solicitation and related provisions .
Severance Benefits Plan (no cause / good reason)CEO: 2.0x base + target bonus; Other NEOs (incl. Rush): 1.5x base + target bonus; pro‑rata target annual bonus (company metrics based on actual results), company‑paid benefits up to 18 months (COBRA cap), and up to $25,000 outplacement over 6 months; installments over 18 months for NEOs (conditions apply) .
Change‑of‑ControlDouble‑trigger for cash severance (Severance Plan) and equity vesting (2021 Plan); if awards not assumed, time‑vesting awards accelerate immediately prior to CoC .
Death/DisabilityRSUs fully vest; PSUs vest at target upon death or disability .
Retirement (as defined)RSUs and PSUs continue to vest per original schedules (PSUs subject to goal achievement) .
Perquisites/PensionsMinimal perqs; broad‑based benefits; 401(k) 3% profit sharing and match up to 3% of eligible comp; no special retirement programs/SERP .
Anti‑Hedging/PledgingHedging and pledging prohibited .
Tax Gross‑UpsNo golden parachute excise or tax gross‑ups for executive officers .

Insider Transactions and Vesting-Related Selling Pressure

  • Form 4 (filed Feb 11, 2025): Sale of shares to satisfy tax liabilities upon RSU vesting; effected under a Rule 10b5‑1 plan with instructions given Feb 25, 2021; role: Chief Risk Officer; date of earliest transaction Feb 10, 2025 .
  • Form 144 (filed Feb 6, 2024): Notice of proposed sale related to vesting of 2,648 RSUs on Feb 7, 2024, citing pre‑established instructions .
  • Aggregated 2024 insider activity (summaries): Scheduled Form 4 sales in Jan–Feb 2024 following awards on Jan 8–9, 2024 (e.g., sales on Jan 16, Feb 9, Feb 27); reference log for CRO Rush .

Implication: Recent reported sales appear primarily tax‑withholding or 10b5‑1 scheduled around vesting, which typically reduces signaling risk of discretionary selling pressure .

Performance & Track Record Context

  • 2024 company outcomes: total economic return on common book value 7.0% (dividends $1.80 per share; average dividend yield ~14%); end‑2024 common book value per share $14.47, down from $15.21 at YE23 .
  • Strategic execution: First full year operating RoundPoint MSR platform; launched DTC recapture originations; repurchased preferred shares and convertible notes; enhanced controls and cybersecurity; expanded IR outreach .
  • Bonus framework results reflect mixed environment: Absolute TER near target, relative TER below threshold vs peer group; S&O goals achieved, producing balanced payouts .
  • Long-horizon PSU outcome (2022–2024) at 39.4% of target indicates alignment with three‑year TSR performance, with negative absolute TSR eliminating upside on that component .

Compensation Structure Analysis

  • Pay mix emphasizes at‑risk pay: Annual cash incentive tied 70% to financial metrics (TER) and 30% to strategic/operational goals; LTI is 50% PSUs on 3‑yr TSR and 50% RSUs with 3‑yr ratable vesting .
  • Governance: No single‑trigger CoC; robust clawback; prohibitions on hedging/pledging; strong stock ownership guidelines (3x salary for NEOs) .
  • Peer benchmarking: Compensation levels informed by mortgage REIT/financial services peers; performance peers used for relative TER/TSR assessments .

Equity Detail (Outstanding at 12/31/2024)

AwardGrant DateUnvested UnitsReference
RSUJan 8, 202416,760
PSU (target)Jan 8, 202416,899
RSUJan 13, 202312,909
PSU (target)Jan 13, 202319,363
RSUFeb 7, 20225,297
PSU (target)Feb 7, 202215,889

Notes:

  • RSUs vest ratably over three years beginning on the first anniversary of the grant; PSUs vest after a 3‑year period based on pre‑set TSR goals; dividend equivalents accrue subject to vesting .

Say‑on‑Pay & Shareholder Feedback

  • 2024 Say‑on‑Pay support: ~95.6% approval; five‑year history consistently above 95% .

Investment Implications

  • Alignment: Annual and long-term incentives explicitly tie payouts to TER/TSR with caps and negative TSR protection, demonstrated by 2024 annual incentive outcomes and the ~39% PSU payout for 2022–2024, indicating credible pay-for-performance linkage .
  • Retention/continuity: Significant unvested RSUs/PSUs and standard severance (1.5x base + target, double-trigger CoC) suggest moderate retention support without excessive guarantees; absence of employment agreement limits entitlement risk .
  • Selling pressure: Recent insider sales appear largely scheduled or tax‑withholding related (10b5‑1, RSU vesting), reducing concern about discretionary divestments; hedging and pledging are prohibited, supporting alignment .
  • Execution risk: While absolute TER held up, relative TER underperformance vs peers in 2024 and negative 3‑year absolute TSR for the 2022 PSU cycle highlight sector and strategy cyclicality; CRO oversight of risk analytics and hedging remains central as TWO leans further into MSR/servicing scale .