Veeva Systems - Earnings Call - Q4 2025

Executive Summary

• Q4 FY2025 delivered total revenue of $720.9M (+14% y/y), subscription revenue of $608.6M (+17% y/y), GAAP diluted EPS $1.18 and non-GAAP EPS $1.74; management emphasized results were above guidance across all metrics.
• FY2026 guidance introduced: revenue $3.040–$3.055B, non-GAAP operating income ~$1.3B, non-GAAP EPS ~$7.32; Q1 FY2026 guidance: revenue $726–$729M, non-GAAP op income $307–$309M, non-GAAP EPS $1.74–$1.75.
• Strategic momentum: ninth top‑20 biopharma committed to Veeva EDC; one top‑20 took a full Clinical Platform (six major applications) in one of Veeva’s largest subscription orders; growing interest in Data Cloud and the launch of CRM Pulse; Direct Data API now included at no cost to accelerate AI/analytics use cases.
• FY2025 trajectory strengthened into year-end: updated FY2025 guidance (from Q3) was raised versus Q2 levels and Q4 actuals beat Q4 guidance; FY2026 margin framework highlights ongoing efficiency while maintaining product investment focus.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• Clinical suite standardization wins and scale: ninth top‑20 EDC commitment and a top‑20 selecting a full Clinical Platform in Q4, consolidating around Veeva for speed and integrated workflows.
• Commercial innovation cadence and customer success: 20 new Vault CRM customers in the quarter, with migrations progressing and a broadening roadmap (Service Center, Campaign Manager), improving customer centricity across sales/medical/marketing.
• Data and AI initiatives gaining traction: increasing interest in Data Cloud (Compass, OpenData, Link, Pulse), early Pulse adoption with a seven‑figure initial deal, and Direct Data API included for free to accelerate AI/analytics integrations.

What Went Wrong

• Subscription growth deceleration expected in FY2026 versus FY2025, largely due to tough comps in Crossix after strong outperformance in FY2025; management framed it as momentum intact but a harder y/y compare.
• Street consensus comparison unavailable for this recap due to an S&P Global quota limit at query time, limiting explicit beat/miss versus consensus specificity; however, Q4 results were above company guidance and FY2026 EPS guide was noted by analysts as above Street.
• Macro/tariffs remain an uncertainty and could delay customer decisions; management has not observed impact yet but flagged it as an early‑stage risk.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. My name is Abby, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Veeva Systems Fiscal 2025 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Results Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question during that time, simply press the star key followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, press star one a second time. Thank you. And I would now like to turn the conference over to Gunnar Hansen, Director of Investor Relations. You may begin.

Gunnar Hansen (Director of Investor Relations)

Good afternoon, and welcome to Veeva's Fiscal 2025 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Earnings Conference Call, where the quarter and fiscal year ended January 31st, 2025. As a reminder, we posted prepared remarks on Veeva's Investor Relations website just after 1:00 P.M. Pacific today. We hope you have had a chance to read them before the call. Today's call will be used primarily for Q&A. With me today for Q&A are Peter Gassner, our Chief Executive Officer; Paul Shawah, EVP Strategy; and Brian Van Wagener, our Chief Financial Officer. During this call, we may make forward-looking statements regarding trends, our strategies, and the anticipated performance of the business, including guidance regarding future financial results. These forward-looking statements will be based on our current views and expectations and are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially.

Please refer to the risks listed in our earnings release and the risk factors included in our most recent filing on Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements made during the call are being made as of today, March 5th, 2025, based on the facts available to us today. If this call is replayed or viewed after today, the information presented during the call may not contain current or accurate information. Veeva disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. We may discuss our guidance on today's call, but we will not provide any further guidance or updates on our performance during the quarter unless we do so in a public forum. On the call, we may also discuss certain non-GAAP metrics that we believe aid in understanding of our financial results.

A reconciliation to comparable GAAP metrics can be found in today's earnings release and in the supplemental investor presentation, both of which are available on our website. With that, thank you for joining us, and I'll turn the call over to Peter.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Thank you, Gunnar, and welcome everyone to the call. The fourth quarter was a strong finish to a great year for Veeva, with strength across the business and results above guidance. Total revenue in the quarter was $721 million, with non-GAAP operating income of $308 million. For the year, total revenue was $2.75 billion, and non-GAAP operating income was $1.15 billion. This past year was a significant year for Veeva. We executed well and delivered significant innovations across all product areas and made great progress on our AI strategy. The year was also about looking forward. We set our 2030 revenue goal of $6 billion, which reflects the significant opportunity we have ahead, and we announced our planned expansion into new markets. We'll now open up the call to your question.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you have dialed in and would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. If you would like to withdraw your question, press star one a second time. If you are called upon to ask your question and are listening via speakerphone on your device, please pick up your handset and ensure that your phone is not on mute when asking your question. To be able to take as many questions as possible, we ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Again, it is star one if you would like to join the queue. And your first question comes from the line of Joe Vruwink with Baird. Your line is open.

Joe Vruwink (Analyst)

Great. Good afternoon. I guess first, congrats on the top 20 customers that went all in with Veeva and Clinical after you mentioned seeing these opportunities last quarter. I wanted to ask, I think there's maybe a trend in the large pharma community to perhaps reduce procurement risk and consolidate around strategic vendors. Is that part of why these opportunities are now arising? And how do you generally think about large strategic transactions like this when thinking about what you might see in the upcoming year?

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Hi, Joe. This is Peter. I'll take that one. I think this is really about, for this particular customer, this was really about speed. Just more efficient to make a combined decision for the full clinical platform and a better way to align their different clinical teams onto a shared goal and shared technology, so I didn't sense any risk avoidance in this particular case, and in general, for the top 20 pharma, they're more with us focusing on competitive advantage, speed, compliance, not really risk avoidance. Also, there's some desire to somewhat standardize because they know in the clinical area, the more they standardize together, it'll make it easier for the clinical research sites they deal with. Now, I wouldn't draw any particular conclusion to other customers.

The one pattern would be we are getting more strategic with our customers as we have more product solutions and more of our product solutions are proven. But each of the top 20 is going to take a different path. This is due to just where they are in their technology journey and also where they're at in their pipeline and the things they need to accomplish.

Joe Vruwink (Analyst)

Okay. That's great, Peter. Thank you. And then I wanted to ask just on recent industry developments, even though I think recently there was even some news overnight just now in terms of research funding. But Veeva has always been kind of very thoughtful. I remember back when the IRA was approved, you were very early in addressing what drug price legislation might mean. I guess along those same lines, if there are changes to indirect research funding, how do you think about potential knock-on effects over time, what customers might be thinking about, and then how that ultimately impacts Veeva?

Paul Shawah (EVP Strategy)

Yeah. Hey, Joe. It's Paul. And yeah, we're certainly paying attention to what's happening around research funding. But I'll take your question maybe a little bit more broadly. There's certainly a lot that's happening, right? There's a lot of proposed changes across many different areas. We're seeing changes in the news daily about FDA or NIH or price negotiations. So there's a whole lot going on. It's early, right? It's a little bit early to predict exactly what the impact may or may not be. One thing I can tell you is our customers, there's really no impact to our customer decision-making process so far. So we're not really seeing any change there. We're going to have to see how things play out, particularly as it relates to the NIH, because there's just a lot of factors that come into play. It's just super early to predict.

I guess maybe two things that I might point out for you, though. Life Sciences is generally more resilient to economic cycles or potential changes that you are talking about because it's an adaptable industry. They're accustomed to these kinds of changes. And then as it flows through to Veeva, our revenue tends to be more predictable, right? It's core systems. It's annual subscriptions. Projects may get delayed, but if there is disruption due to something like this, those projects typically come back. So it's early to give you a detailed assessment of what the impact looks like, but it's something we're keeping our eye on closely.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Saket Kalia with Barclays. Your line is open.

Saket Kalia (Analyst)

Okay. Great. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question here. Peter, maybe for you, I thought it was interesting in the prepared comments how you called out 17 of the top 20s using CTMS, which I think replicates some of the success that you've had with eTMF. As you think about the growing success with different parts of the development cloud, what other products could that success in eTMF and CTMS maybe pull through as you think about sort of the next sort of product cycles here?

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Thanks, Hacken. Yeah, that's very insightful of you to point out that in the industry, the top 20, seem to be standardizing on our eTMF and CTMS, and I think for good reason. These are innovative products that fit together, and if we step back, that was an innovation that Veeva created. These systems never got together before Veeva. It was a document system way over someplace else and a transactional system someplace else. The Veeva Vault Platform enabled this transition, and I was there in the beginning when people sort of called us heretics, right? These things don't. You cannot put peanut butter and jelly together. It's not going to be good, right, but now it obviously enables this seamless flow, so they are standardizing on that, and we have to keep up the good work and the customer success.

We can't rest on our laurels at all, and we're not so far. But your question was, what can it lead to? That leads to the broader clinical suite. And you saw that with one top 20, which is things like Study Training and Site Connect. These are both major applications, very deeply connected with CTMS and eTMF. The payments module, and we'll be doing further investments there. That payments product can become a suite of products for Veeva. And then that also leads into the clinical data management, the EDC, CDB, also these big new areas of RTSM, the Randomization and Trial Supply Management, and also the eCOA, the Clinical Outcomes Assessment. Just to give a perspective, roughly speaking, I wouldn't hold a ruler up to this, but roughly speaking, EDC is one of our larger product line areas, larger opportunities. But RTSM is roughly equivalent to EDC.

And eCOA on its own is roughly equivalent to EDC. So these are not small areas, big areas. Clinical is roughly one-third of our opportunity, our TAM, because it's such an important area. And there's a long way to go. And eTMF and CTMS success, not just selling the product in, but the success and the fact that our implementations are getting faster and faster. Our implementations now are faster than they were before. And that's really what people are looking often to Veeva. And I know I'm going a little long on this, but it's such an insightful question. Sometimes the question is, "I'm going to go to Veeva, but how can I get there the fastest and the most economically and the most accurately?" And we're much better at that than we were two or three or four years ago.

Saket Kalia (Analyst)

It makes a ton of sense. Brian, maybe for my follow-up for you, just building off of what Peter talked through, I was wondering if you could just touch on CDMS or EDC. I was wondering if you could just touch on how that's contributing to billings in fiscal 2026. You had some big top 20 wins in EDC a couple of years ago. And if I recall correctly, those are ramping contracts. How do you kind of think about that contribution in fiscal 2026? And maybe the corollary of that, since we're at the end of the year, and to make sure the question is asked, as you build scale in that EDC business, is there a finer point that you could give us just on relative size of that business?

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

Hey, Saket. Thanks for the question. So as you just heard Peter speak to, about a third of our overall TAM is in the clinical space. So it's certainly a large opportunity. And within that, EDC is a pretty significant component. We were very pleased that in the quarter, we had our ninth of the top 20 commit to Veeva EDC. And we've had a steady advancement in EDC with top 20s. So from a ramp perspective, there are ramps that are steadily contributing to our revenue base both to billings and to revenue. And ramps are not limited to EDC. So we see that dynamic with top 20 customers in really all of our R&D products. So there's no one product, no one customer, no one year where that really spikes, but it's factored into our guidance for FY26.

Operator (participant)

And your next question comes from the line of Brent Bracelin with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

Brent Bracelin (Analyst)

Thank you for taking the question here. Peter, great to see the momentum. Great to hear the peanut butter and jelly narrative is actually starting to work. I wanted to drill down into Data Cloud. You really brought up the point in the prepared remarks that Compass represents the biggest single data opportunity for you. You got over 100 brands here. I think a year ago, nine months ago, you talked about your first seven-figure customer. What's the momentum you're seeing on the expand side? Are you seeing larger seven-figure deals? I ask because obviously a lot of those Compass customers can start small, but would love to get any color you had on larger transactions, any sort of expansion opportunities you're seeing. Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. For Compass, and if I go up one level to Data Cloud, I think that's probably the biggest change I've seen in the last six months in terms of tone is more interest in Data Cloud overall. Now, that doesn't translate into deals or revenue right away, but we've organized internally a little bit more around Data Cloud, which is that's Compass, that's OpenData, that's Link, and that's Pulse, a new product we just announced. So I think that we're getting that vision out there, and I think that's starting to resonate. That's like going back to eTMF and CTMS back in 2018.

That's sort of the way I feel that people are starting to get the glimmer of, "Oh, okay, that might really work." Now, in terms of Compass, most of our progress in Compass is on we have two main products there: the Compass Patient and the Compass Prescriber. Most of our progress and revenue in our earlier product is in the Compass Patient. And no, we haven't seen really a trend to ELAs yet. We're still on the brand-by-brand. I think that trend to ELAs, large enterprise ELAs, we might be a year or so out for that, but the trend is kind of inescapable. I also think I'm very excited about bringing this value of Data Cloud into the smaller market, companies of under 50 employees, because when you think about it, they critically need data. They have to decide, are they going to run this clinical trial?

Which indication are they going after? How are they going to do this? What's the patient pathway? And they really don't have a good source of that data. So I want to make something great for these small companies, really great, really easy, integrated patient and prescriber data. I think we can really help boost the life sciences industry around that. So as you can tell, I really think we've got something in data cloud, but the adoption is early.

Brent Bracelin (Analyst)

Color there. And then, Brian, just a follow-up for you, the full-year margin guide here, highest we've ever seen, that comes at a time where you're investing in R&D. You have kind of the whole investment focus around Vault CRM, additional products here. What's driving the guide here above 42% operating margin? Thanks.

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

Yeah, great question. So the main way that we think about margin is investing the right amount in the business. So we've always thought about growth and profitability and don't really view those in conflict with each other. So what you're seeing is that we're always trying to get more efficient, and it's because that efficiency allows us to execute better and faster. We find that lean teams are more agile. They've got better speed, and so we think there's going to continue to be efficiency and economies of scale, but what we're optimizing for, and what you're seeing reflected in the guide, is that we're optimizing for speed and execution, not margin, so we're continuing to invest in the business for growth. We're spending about twice on product, but we do on sales and marketing and keeping that focus on product excellence and innovation in our products.

Operator (participant)

And your next question comes from the line of Rishi Jaluria with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Rishi Jaluria (Analyst)

Oh, wonderful. Thanks so much for taking my questions. Nice to see continued momentum in the business. Maybe I want to start with the AI offerings that you've built out. Peter, maybe if we were on the tape back a year, there was a little bit of the perception from the investment community that you were coming off as maybe a little bit skeptical on GenAI, but now you've come out with a lot of these products. Maybe can you walk us through kind of what's driven the desire or the momentum to push out these products kind of quickly, and what has early customer feedback and use cases been, and then I've got a quick follow-up.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah, AI strategy is certainly a captivating technology, right? So much money going into it, so much progress and so much hype, and if we just stay at that level, I'm really pleased that things are starting to shake out roughly how we thought they were going to shake out. There's not going to be one large language model. There are going to be multiple. There's not going to be 50, but there's going to be a good handful, and they're going to specialize in different areas, and it's not so unstable anymore where you wake up and everything changes, right? DeepSeek came out. Yes, well, guess what? The world keeps turning. NVIDIA is going to have their own models. Okay. That's okay, and the world keeps turning. So I think it's starting to settle out, and Amazon, people were counting them out on AI for a while.

Okay, they're back in the game in a major way. It's settling out that these core large language models are going to be at the platform level. A lot of core value, and that's super valuable, right? That's not where companies like Veeva play at that core infrastructure level. It's very valuable, but there's a lot of great value on the specific use cases on top that can be used in the workflow. That's what we're doing now, focusing on our AI solutions. We have our eTMF Bot to classify documents. That was a very early sort of experiment. Now with CRM Voice Control that we'll be bringing out this year, and also CRM Bot and the MLR Bot to medical legal regulatory review. We have quite a few others in the plan too.

We don't know exactly which ones we'll bring out when, but we're putting more investment in AI solutions. We centralize the group around that so we can develop, have a strong leader there and develop more core competency around AI. And I think our timing is just right because the base of the technology is now stable enough. And while that base was getting stable, instead of running around and hyping things, we were focusing on things like EDC and eTMF, etc. So I'm pretty happy with how things are playing out with AI.

Rishi Jaluria (Analyst)

All right. Wonderful. That's really helpful, Peter. Thanks. And then maybe wanted to get a sense. I know it's still really early, but at the Analyst Day prior to the last quarter, you did talk about this potential move or planned move into horizontal apps. Now that we've got three or four months under our belt, and you've been talking to your existing customer base, I imagine your engineering team. Just how have those discussions shaken out? Where have you seen where there's opportunity for you in the market? Anything that you're willing to share would be really helpful right now. Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. I'll start with our existing customers. They've asked a little bit what will we do in new markets, but not so much because they know we have a dedicated almost everybody in the company is on life sciences. So they really think of Veeva in life sciences and are more curious than anything else, what will we come out with. And then in terms of the product areas, we're just doing a lot of great work on the platform. It's a really lean, really great team, very close to me, right? It has a good leader there. I'm having so much fun reviewing the individual engineers that grow into that group and making sure we got the special sauce of the right seven people, the right 12 people doing what in what order. So I'm really enjoying that.

We're focused on innovation in that platform. If you look at the application tech platforms, and that's something I've known about all the way back from PeopleSoft, Salesforce, etc., most of the cloud application platforms now are really version one. Maybe there's a need for a Version two type of thing. Maybe or maybe not, right? That's the risk we're taking that we think there's a Version two type of thing that can come out. That's where we're focused. We don't have anything to announce at this time about which application area we're going into.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Ken Wong with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Ken Wong (Analyst)

Great. Thanks for taking my question. Peter, good to see the momentum on the EDC side with another all-in customer. Just wanted to circle up on just the competitive landscape there. You had a competitor call out a potential win back. Are you guys sensing any changes in the customer conviction for EDC, CDMS? Any color there would be great.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. In terms of the competition there, in the clinical, there would be Medidata and Oracle in the EDC area, not so much in the clinical operations area. I think increasingly people, they do want an integrated system between clinical operations and clinical data management or the EDC area. I think that gives us a bit of a structural advantage over our competitors. We have nine out of the top 20 doing the EDC now, and about half came from Oracle and Medidata, about half came from each. But we're trying not to focus on that a lot, right? We really need to focus on the value. Sometimes I look at all the clinical trials that are running on our platforms and some of the really innovative companies that are growing so much and doing so many clinical trials. That's where our focus is.

How can we make that even more efficient, even more efficient? And then looking towards 2030, we reset our goals, as you know, as a company, from 2025 goals to 2030 goals. And really starting to think about if we would have most of the market in the EDC one day, what kind of innovation can we do to put on top of that to really, really fundamentally change clinical trials? So our focus is not on the competitor. It's on us doing a great job, capturing the remaining part of that market share, but then already thinking ahead, what amazing innovation can we put on top of that once we've standardized this core EDC a little bit more?

Ken Wong (Analyst)

Got it, and Brian, just a quick question on cash flow guidance. It looked a little light relative to the billings growth. I think we were calculating about 8% growth on cash flow versus you got 10% on billings and some slight margin expansion. Any one-time items or some working capital movements that we should be aware of there?

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

Hey, Ken. Yeah, the main thing there, we see a pretty standard relationship between our operating margins and operating cash flow. The main two differences obviously are taxes and then SBC, stock-based comp. But the one-time difference we had last year is we had about a $50 million impact of collections pushing from the prior year. So what you're really seeing is just a harder year-over-year compare rather than anything else.

Operator (participant)

And your next question comes from the line of Brian Peterson with Raymond James. Your line is open.

Brian Peterson (Analyst)

Thanks, guys. Congrats on the solid billings. It definitely sounds like it's peanut butter and jelly time. But I'll keep it to one. Paul, the prepared remarks referenced some expected Vault CRM commitments from top 20 customers in 2025. I'm curious, how have the decision timelines gone versus your initial expectations? And would you expect 2025 to maybe be a bigger year or 2026? Any color there? Thanks, guys.

Paul Shawah (EVP Strategy)

Yeah. Sure, Brian. So first, it's going along exactly as we expected, right? We're not forcing customers and doing anything unnatural and, of course, customers into a specific timeline. We want to do this in a very customer-friendly way. Having said that, we're in discussions with all of top 20, and we're progressing them every month, every week that goes by. We progress those conversations. There's a lot that they're excited about, everything from our delivery, our consistent execution, the migration progress that we've made. So there's a lot of really good momentum. Also, kind of the roadmap of our products, innovation roadmap, everything that we're doing. So the conversations are going very, very well. What we wanted to happen on the customer's timeframe. And having said that, we expect more announcements in 2025.

I expect the vast majority of decisions, particularly in top 20, will happen by the end of 2026. So that's how to think about it. We're not forcing anything, but we're excited, and we're excited that the momentum's in our direction, and we'll win most of the decisions. We still expect to win the vast majority.

Ken Wong (Analyst)

Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

One thing I'll add there is customers are starting to get aware of the concept of a red zone, right? You can't let this decision go too long because then you won't have enough time. So 2025, 2026 is reasonable for many customers, depending on the complexity of what they're doing. Maybe the early part of 2027 could be there. But after that, you really start getting into the red zone for most customers. So that's why we, even though we will support Veeva CRM all the way till 2030, when you're talking about change management with well over 10,000 people and functions and decustomizing and repointing integrations, it's not something you can do in six months.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Dylan Becker with William Blair. Your line is open.

Dylan Becker (Analyst)

Hey, gentlemen. Paul, maybe pulling on that thread on the CRM front. You kind of touched on the accelerated innovation cadence, right? We've seen a number of new product releases within the CRM suite. I'm wondering how much that is kind of driving this appetite and interest, obviously, on the platform as well too, where there's clarity kind of in the product roadmap, how that's helping kind of give confidence in this decision and cadence maybe over the next two years or so.

Paul Shawah (EVP Strategy)

Yeah. So, Dylan, the new product, the innovation roadmap and core CRM is one thing, and that's driving a lot of our momentum. But also, I would say the new products that we've announced in areas like Service Center and Campaign Manager and patient CRM, that's super exciting. It's exciting for across all of our customers, top 20 all the way down to SMB, because we are making, really, for the first time in life sciences, this idea of customer centricity, simpler, easier, everything in one database. That's never been done before. So there is a sense of we have a clear vision. Our customers see a path to getting there, and they see Vault CRM as the foundation to making that happen. So that's not the only part of the decision-making process, but it's a key thing, and we're bringing this customer centricity alive.

So we're excited about the new potential there. And then, of course, it unlocks potential for these new markets, right? New expansion opportunities to sell additional products as customers migrate over.

Dylan Becker (Analyst)

Okay. That's helpful, Paul. Thank you. Maybe for Peter and/or Brian here too, going back to the topic of AI as well too, you announced the Direct Data API and kind of the value of interoperability. Wondering if you're seeing any kind of accelerated momentum around kind of being able to build on top of the accessibility of your data sets, and maybe if that's the view externally, how you're leaning into kind of internal utilization too, if we think about kind of some of the margin strength you're delivering throughout the business. Thanks, guys.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Let's see. In terms of the margin, Brian, I'll leave that one to you. Yeah, we are seeing good uptake of the Direct Data API. And yeah, as you mentioned, we recently announced that that's going to be free to all of our customers. And the reason there is we want everybody building on that type of API. It's just a much better, faster API for many use cases. And we found a way to do it where it was not going to consume as many compute resources as we thought it was. So we're pretty excited about that. We're using it internally, for example, for connecting different parts of our clinical suite, different parts of our safety suite together. And our partners are starting to do it. We have more than 10 customers that are already doing it. Some of them are large customers.

It takes some time because it's a different paradigm for integration. People have been using a hammer for a long time, and now you're giving them a jackhammer, and they got to learn how to use it, but we are super enthused. It's a fundamental new type of API where you can get all of the data out of your vault super quickly in one S3 file every night and transactionally sound deltas every 15 minutes in one file. Nobody has that type of thing, and AI is just pumping up the demand for data everywhere, AI and data science, and overall, that's just the trend. As the compute powers get more and more accessible, people want that data in more and more places all the time.

So I'm really enthused about what we're doing for the life sciences industry because many of their core systems are Veeva, and now their core systems are going to be enabled with this fundamental new AI, fundamental new API that's going to allow them to leverage their core data faster than any other industry. So hopefully, we're doing our part to help the life sciences industry grow, and that'll be good for Veeva.

Brian Peterson (Analyst)

Dylan, this is Brian. You had asked the second part of the question around the internal use of AI and the extent to which that was contributing to margins, I think. I think the short answer there is it's an area that we're really excited about internally as well. We're building strategies around, but it's not a major contributor to the margin expansion that we saw in Q4 or in the coming year. So it's something we're looking into. We're building strategies around. It's not something we're counting on, though, to deliver on this year's guidance.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Stan Berenshteyn with Wells Fargo Securities. Your line is open.

Stan Berenshteyn (Analyst)

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. I want to go back to the prepared remarks. I believe you called out positive momentum in a variety of products, including Site Connect, Study Startup, RTSM, eCOA. Now, to me, that seems that these are precisely the products that a customer would want to buy if they were ramping in EDC. So my question is, are these add-ons being sold in parallel to when you're selling EDC, or are these opportunities kind of emerging once these clients are starting to ramp their EDC? And therefore, is there more to come in that regard? Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah, I'll take that one. In general, I wouldn't say it's connected to EDC. EDC is kind of, in some ways, a special area of a life science company. It's pretty specific, pretty standalone. But if you look at Site Connect, Study Training, eCOA, RTSM, those come when a customer makes more of an emotional commitment on two things. One, hey, we're going to invest in modernizing our clinical tech because sometimes they may not want to do that. Sometimes they want to have it, hey, status quo. We've got other things going on. We don't want to move one thing because it might break another thing. So they may be in that mode, or they may be, hey, I'm going to invest in our clinical tech. The other one would be we've decided Veeva is a very strategic partner.

Maybe we're not buying all things at once like that one customer did, but we've decided, well, that's where we're going. So when we do modernize, we'll get Veeva. So those two trends, more than any type of EDC attachment, is what's causing those other products to move.

Stan Berenshteyn (Analyst)

Got it. And then a quick follow-up on the top 20 announcement. I'm just curious, how long will it take for this to fully ramp in revenue? And can you ballpark the size of this contract once it's fully ramped? Thank you.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah, I won't ballpark the size of that contract. It's certainly a large deal, but I think it's not risky. There's only 20 top 20s, and I wouldn't want to ballpark anything there. In terms of the full ramp, this would be one of our longer ramps because there's a lot of things in there. So you could consider this in the area of five years or so.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Dave Windley with Jefferies. Your line is open.

Dave Windley (Analyst)

Hi, Pravan. Thanks for taking my question. Perhaps a good segue from the last one. Peter, we recently surveyed clinical development folks about their tech stack, and they said they're very fragmented today and would desperately like to move to an integrated solution, which is, I'm sure, music to your ears. I'm wondering in your answer about this all-in client and speed being a driving factor, is that speed to get to full implementation, or is that efficiency and speed of their organization once they are fully implemented on a more integrated system like yours? And then part B of the question would be, to what degree can you measure and use that as your selling point, how you're enhancing the efficiency of your clients when they do move to an integrated technology stack like yours?

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Onto that first question, really what I was referring there is to speed of getting to value. So, for example, there's quite a few products they've purchased together. Now, what it could have been instead, and in a very quick, not very quick, but over a set of months, really looking at, hey, we would like an integrated system. Who is the partner we can depend on? Who has these things? Who has a track record of success? Okay, that's Veeva. Let's go that way. And that was driven from a high level of the organization, not from within one of the sub-departments. If the customer doesn't go that way, there might be an 18-month sales cycle for each of those applications in each of those departments with a different start date, with independent projects planned and temporary integrations.

So you double your speed of evaluation and implementation when you go all at once. So that's the main thing that I was referring to: speed to value and cost, right? Eliminate these RFPs, these seven RFPs. Don't do that. Go with Veeva. Make it easy. Now, in terms of quantifying the value when they get in there, that's something that is not so easy because different customers measure value differently. Generally, what people do is they will ask for references. They will ask each other, "Hey, we're thinking of using Veeva. Hey, I know this person at that other company is using Veeva." And I'll ask them, "Hey, how's it going? Do they like it? Are they getting what they expect?" So it's really that.

I think those are actually more accurate because those are leading indicators versus depending on a lagging measurement and did you measure it correctly. For better or for worse, that's how that usually goes.

Dave Windley (Analyst)

Got it. Quick follow-up on Compass. You, in the past, have used what I think are the magic words of compensation-grade data. Where would you say you are in terms of validating at that level a compensation-grade data set that could begin to displace the competitor at that important level of consideration? Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. Yeah, compensation, incentive compensation grade. Sometimes we shorten it to IC, incentive compensation-grade data. There's a few things. Our two main products in Compass are patient and prescriber, patient data and prescriber data. For some types of products, because of the complexity of the products, they're really paying on the individual patient data. So it's sometimes done with our patient data today. For the prescriber data, which is a more common way they'll pay on incentive comp, we're early in that cycle. We don't have anybody today using our prescriber data for incentive comp. I would say next year at this time we will. But that's a pattern where they will view that over time. Hey, how is Veeva's projections on this month, on that month? How do they line up with what we're doing? Do we see stability and consistency? So that will take some time.

But in the meantime, for prescriber, there's another great use for it, which is segmentation and targeting at the prescriber level. And sometimes there, we're going to have better coverage than our competitors. So it's a long, long road for Compass, but we're definitely starting down that path. So we'll see how it goes.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

I guess one thing I could tell you is we're not giving up on it. That's for sure, right? It's just a matter of how long it's going to take.

Operator (participant)

And your next question comes from the line of Kirk Materne with Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Kirk Materne (Analyst)

Yeah, thanks. And congrats on a nice fourth quarter. I don't know if this is for Peter or Paul, but I was wondering if you guys could just talk about any potential risk in terms of the amount of consultants needed to help your clients move on to Vault CRM or what that dynamic looks like in the industry right now. As I know, as everybody's making a decision around this, they obviously need help making this transition. How do you feel about sort of the bandwidth being there to help them get over from the other system onto Vault CRM?

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah, that's a good question. For Veeva, right, we have our products, our software products, our data products. We also have our services team, and we have our consulting team. And then we have a network of partners. One thing to know about Veeva, and it gets to the core of who we are, we don't rampantly hire up people in services in the boom times and then let people go in the bust times. What we do is we flex utilization. So when the boom times come, our services team knows, okay, you might be running hot. You might be running at 120% utilization for a while, but it won't last forever. Just get through it, right? So our services team, I would say, is amazing and can flex very well. You also see that in our partner ecosystem like Accenture.

They are the masters at flexing to meet demand, much more so even than Veeva, right? And they can do that scale. So I really honestly don't worry about that. They have a lot of Veeva expertise. Accenture does. We do too. Both of us can flex, and we're not the only one. So I don't minimize the hard work. And your question is very good. We can flex. Also, we're automating a lot. The data migrator, we put a tremendous investment in that. So the actual data migration part, which is not just the initial migration, it's the delta migrations, etc., that's a lot of work which is largely going to be automated in here because we control both the source and the target.

Kirk Materne (Analyst)

Got it. And then just one last one for you, Peter. Obviously, in the life sciences industry, people are thinking a lot about tariffs and how they have to move things around potentially in terms of their supply chain. Do you worry at all about those kind of decisions distracting from, say, signing new contracts with you all? Or where do you think that stands right now? I know it's sort of in flux, but I was just curious on your opinion on that. Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah, it's very early, and we seem to there's different announcements every day. And Paul alluded to that. If there ends up being a lot of disruption, that can cause lack of focus and delay contracts. We haven't seen that yet, but that could happen. It's just too early to know whether that's really going to happen. We've seen no sign yet. And again, what Paul mentioned is if that were to happen, the nice thing is it really just delays things. It may push it out a little bit. It's not a consumable product where you lose the opportunity. I hope it doesn't happen, but we just don't have enough data yet to know.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Anne Samuel with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Anne Samuel (Analyst)

Hi. Thanks so much for the question. You highlighted in your prepared remarks that safety was an area with a lot of opportunity for AI innovation. I was hoping maybe you could just speak to kind of why that is and maybe just expand on that, maybe provide some examples of what kind of technologies you might be able to use there? Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

I can take that one. I guess I'm doing a lot of talking today, but it seems to be a lot of product-related questions, Brian, and I love that. Well, it's not that complicated in the safety area. We are the first true cloud-integrated set of safety applications. So the core safety processing, safety signaling, the safety workbench and reporting, nobody has had that in the cloud before. And when you have it in the cloud, there's benefits. There's benefits of performance. You don't have to manage the infrastructure. You don't have to manage the upgrade. You can configure it. So that's probably, honestly, the main thing. There are some other benefits with the Veeva system. I think it's a better safety system than what's out there. There's different features and functions, things like that.

For some, they're really enthused about the connection into clinical, which is a real cost saver. But I'll bring it back to the number one basics is they'd like to have a cloud-based safety system that's high quality, and then finally, they can have it.

Anne Samuel (Analyst)

Great. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Ryan McDonald with Needham. Your line is open.

Ryan McDonald (Analyst)

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. Maybe I'll start with one for Brian just to get him in on the action here. Brian, as you think about the strong op margin guide to start the year, can you kind of call out maybe the areas where you expect to get sort of the most incremental leverage? It sounds like R&D is going to be a continued area of focus from an investment perspective, but how should we think about sort of those incremental leverage points?

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

Hey, Ryan. Thanks for getting me in here. Peter was on a roll, though, but I'll do my best to jump in. So it's really pretty broad-based. I mean, I think first you see that there's a bit of improvement on the gross margin side, and that's part of kind of a secular increase as we grow in R&D and move more of the business over to the Vault Platform and then from better efficiency in the services business. And then beyond that, on the OpEx side, it's quite broad-based. It's just us looking to be efficient and execute better across the business. That's in our sales teams. It's in our marketing teams. It's in our product teams. So looking to be efficient and effective and execute well across the business.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. If I could just touch a little bit of a why on that. As we get more products, as you know, the field tends to get a little bit more efficient, right? There's relationships you can leverage. Sometimes there's a broader decision made rather than fixed decisions. So that's where efficiencies in the field come. Also, every year, and we have to keep it up, but every year, if we execute well, we develop more trust. And when you develop more trust, that translates into more efficient sales because communication is higher fidelity. So that's on the sales side. On the product side, there's more of a mathematical reason. The more products we develop on Veeva Vault, the more efficient we get, the more economies of scale we drive out of the platform, the better the platform gets, and the more economies of scale. So we have a platform.

If we have 20 applications on that platform, it's an efficiency of one thing. If we have 40, it's an efficiency of another. And if we have 80, it's a whole efficiency of another thing. So that one's just more mechanical on that side.

Ryan McDonald (Analyst)

Super helpful color there. Paul, maybe a follow-up for you. Crossix obviously continues to perform really well, but as you're getting into the new calendar year, we started to hear maybe a little bit more of sort of pull forward of spend to early in the year or more upfront purchasing around marketing spend. Are you seeing similar trends within Crossix at all or any reason to think that we see a greater mix of sort of upfront or sort of beginning of the year spend versus years past? Thanks.

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

This is Brian. Why don't I pick up that one, Paul? So on Crossix, obviously, very pleased with the result that we had last year was a major driver of the outperformance that we saw in commercial throughout the year and feeling really good about the trajectory there. I think no change that we're seeing to the overall shape of revenue in Crossix, if you're asking about linearity there. We saw a strong close to Q4 and expecting continued growth out of that business in the year ahead.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Craig Hettenbach with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Craig Hettenbach (Analyst)

Yes. Thank you. Peter, just going back to the commentary around AI and the strategy there, any milestones to watch for this year as that business develops? And then also from a customer base, I think last year there was a bit of a pause as customers are evaluating new technologies like AI. Where are their heads at in terms of what they're most focused on today?

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

The milestones to look for are the releases of our CRM bot and our MLR bot and the success we start having with customers. Those are really the milestones, and it could be new products that we announce as it relates to new AI solutions, so those are the things to look for, and in terms of, I believe we called it before AI disruption, maybe that was 18 months or so a year ago. I think that's largely behind us. Our customers have settled into what AI is and what it does. They're still doing some innovation projects, but it's not consuming them or distracting from the core work, so I think we're largely through that area of AI distraction now.

Craig Hettenbach (Analyst)

Okay. That's helpful. Thanks.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Gabriela Borges with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Gabriela Borges (Analyst)

Hey, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question, and thanks for all the product detail, Paul. Paul, I wanted to follow up on your earlier comment on commercial. You mentioned that there are several customers that you've been speaking with that are looking to make decisions in 2025 and ideally before the ZEP bugs out in 2027. The customers that you're talking to, what do they tell you are their reasons for hesitation? Meaning, if they're telling you, "Hey, we're not ready to make a decision yet," what are some of the reasons that they tell you that is, and what do you do then to help them feel better about making a decision or to help them along in that discovery process?

Paul Shawah (EVP Strategy)

Yeah. Hey, Gabriela. Every customer is a little bit different in terms of their process and the internal process they have to go through. Some companies have to go through a formal RFP process, as an example. Other companies are really, frankly, focused on other priorities, right? It may be something related to a launch of a medicine coming up in 2025 or 2026, and they want to kind of focus their resources there and then think more deeply about the CRM decision. So I would say there's no single answer. It certainly varies by customer, and I think each month that goes by, we continue to hit new milestones, which make the case even more interesting and more compelling.

So, we're focused on our strategy to deal with that is to continue delivering new products, deliver innovation, deliver on the CRM bot that Peter just talked about, deliver on the migrations. And that's our answer is delivering. Our customers are looking for delivery. They're not looking for kind of big bold statements, hype, that sort of thing. So again, we're not forcing them down a path, and I think it's a customer-friendly way of approaching the market.

Gabriela Borges (Analyst)

Absolutely. Thank you. Peter, the follow-up is for you. You made an earlier comment on your thinking around horizontal applications longer term and Version one versus Version two. I'd love to hear both if you're willing to share them. What do you think the limitations are of some of the version one cloud SaaS applications today, and where do you think Version two, from an innovation standpoint, could really shine? Thank you.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

I don't think there's any one particular area. I think there's a core set of things of better, stronger, faster, right? Accumulation of five, six, seven, eight things that have been core learnings and then putting that together. And so when you put those together, it has a compounding effect, I would say that. Also, AI will change the user interfaces on the operating systems over time, not tonight, but sometimes over the next five years. There'll be some fundamental change just in the way that the graphical user interface or the browser-based interface changes things. I think a platform that's designed with that in mind, that knows, yes, it's going to be used as a core system of record. Some of us have heard this thing from the Microsoft CEO about these system of record applications, SaaS applications are going away. I don't believe that.

I don't think any of our customers are removing their SAP application anytime in the next 100 years. But there is going to be a way to use AI to dip into multiple of these applications and add value, and that's going to be a critical component. I think the newer SaaS platforms are going to be designed with that in mind because it's obvious that's coming. I think it's pretty hard to retrofit. Pretty hard.

Operator (participant)

To be able to take as many questions in the time left, we ask that you please limit yourself to one question. Your next question comes from the line of Jailendra Singh with Truist Securities. Your line is open.

Jenny Cao (Analyst)

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. This is Jenny Cao on for Jailendra Singh. Just a quick question on your guidance. I think your guidance assumes no major changes in the macro environment, but I think fiscal 26 guide reflects maybe a little bit of growth deceleration, particularly in the subscription business from 20% growth last year in fiscal 25 to 13% growth this year applied in guide. Can you help us break down the key factors and the moving pieces there?

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

Hey, Jenny. So first off, on the guide, you're exactly right. We've not factored in any macro changes into the guide, and as Paul touched on, obviously aware of all the shifting government policies. There's a lot of discussion around it, but we just haven't seen any impact yet in our customers' decision-making. So it doesn't reflect any change in macro. From a subscription perspective, one thing to remember is that last year we still had the impact of T for C. We're celebrating over here as the last year we have to talk about T for C, but we were normalizing out the TSE impact, and so normalizing for that, subscription growth in FY25 was 15%. And then excluding FX, it's about 14% this year. So it's a minor deceleration. It's mostly driven by commercial, and within commercial, it's Crossix.

And that Crossix deceleration is mostly a function of last year's very strong outperformance, making for a hard year-over-year compare. So we're feeling really great about the momentum of the business, about the execution of the Veeva teams, being very strong growth in R&D and good growth in commercial as well.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Jeff Garro with Stephens. Your line is open.

Jeff Garro (Analyst)

Yeah. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. I want to ask another one on the new CRM pulse product. And clearly unique in how Veeva Systems are originating the data there. I want to ask about the differentiation from the global scope that you are already offering on launch. And then the release mentions additional countries being added to the scope. And it looks like you have most of Europe wanting to follow up on adding additional Asian countries and how much of a catalyst that could be down the line. Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. I'm very excited about Veeva Pulse. This is Peter because this is where we're generating the Pulse data, privacy-safe Pulse data at small groups of physicians from the activity data in our CRM product. So that's revolutionary, and that's going to help the life sciences industry be more efficient and effective because this is used for segmentation and targeting. In other words, understanding which a pharmaceutical company has a field force of a certain size in a certain country, and they want to be very effective on where do they tell those people to go. So they do what's called segmentation and targeting. But they don't have any feedback into how the industry does it, so they're not able to catch their own internal errors that creep up over time. So with Pulse, they can get a privacy-safe industry view.

Of the urologists in this country, who does the industry generally call on? And am I calling on them? And in what way? What types of access patterns? So that's what it's used for. It's very unique, and it's going to be a great complement to CRM and to Data Cloud. The countries we'll add are you're right, some Southeast Asian countries, and then also Japan. We may add a Europe country or two, one of the other Europe countries or two. We'll see by 2026. It's early. We've signed our first deal, actually, for Pulse. We signed it roughly right before it was available. It was for a top 20 pharma in the U.S. And it's interesting to know that's one of our first products where the first deal was actually a seven-figure deal. Pulse is a very interesting product and unique product from Veeva.

Operator (participant)

And your next question comes from the line of Steven Valiquette with Mizuho Securities. Your line is open.

Steven Valiquette (Analyst)

Oh, great. Thanks. Yeah. Most of my product questions were answered. So maybe just a financial question here. With the fiscal 2026 EPS guidance coming in well above Street consensus, but revenue growth kind of more in line. You did call out that 1% revenue growth headwind from FX, which was probably not baked into the Street view before today. So it seems like ex-FX that guidance, rev guidance also above the Street view. But really, my question is, can you just remind us how much of that FX revenue headwind falls to the bottom line versus any sort of natural offsets in the cost lines that might mitigate some of that? Thanks.

Brian Van Wagener (CFO)

Hey, Steven. So it is primarily a revenue-side impact. There's kind of a natural hedge built-in on expenses because we have some expenses that are not denominated in dollars as well. And so there's not as much of an impact on operating income. There is a bit of a revenue headwind, but it shakes out on the operating income line.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of David Larsen with BTIG. Your line is open.

David Larsen (Analyst)

Did I see in the prepared remarks that you won 20 Vault CRM clients in the quarter? And I think that's up a lot. It was like 5, 14, and 13. Just any color there would be very helpful. Thank you.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. David, that's in fact right. 20 Vault CRM new customers. And think of most of these companies as, first, the vast majority of them in the US market, a small number in Europe, and then most of them small, mid-sized companies, the vast majority selecting their first CRM system. So they're betting there. They want to launch. They may be starting in the medical area, moving into the commercial space, getting ready for their launch. And they want something that's proven and the best solution. And we're winning virtually all of those deals. So yeah, we did well there. That's a chunky number.

It's an unusually high number, but we're virtually winning every one of those.

Operator (participant)

And your next question comes from the line of Andrew DeGasperi with BNP Paribas. Your line is open.

Andrew DeGasperi (Analyst)

Thanks. Maybe on the trial starts, we've seen an inflection since October, just in terms of how that's growing. And I was just wondering, is that part of what's giving confidence in terms of the R&D growth for the year? And just any comments on that would be great. Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. On the trial starts, it's not our confidence in our clinical performance is not related to that. Remember, the way to think about our clinical business is that most of our contracts are enterprise license agreements, particularly as you look at the enterprise side, which is the vast majority of the contribution to clinical today. So given that they're enterprise agreements, they're not really impacted by clinical trial volumes, whether that goes up or down. So that's not really the driver. We're performing well broadly across all of clinical, and you heard Peter talk about a lot of the reasons why that is.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Allan Verkhovski with Scotiabank. Your line is open.

Allan Verkhovski (Analyst)

Hey, guys. Thanks for squeezing me in here, and congrats on the strong end of the year. Peter, it was interesting to hear you say how you could be through the period of customers being distracted by AI. Can you talk about kind of what your top learnings were in the past three months and the conversations you have with top 20 CRM customers, and to just kind of close the loop here on AI, just how important is having a strong AI product roadmap in customers' decisions, whether or not to move to Vault CRM? Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

I guess what I've been seeing and what I think the learnings in the customers is that AI is one part of a technology strategy that many of them did quite a few experiences in quite a few areas. And rightfully so. They wanted to really learn fast and see where they could apply things. And what they're finding is they need to be focused, right? They need to focus on the few areas that can really draw out, really return on investment. And they can't ignore the core capabilities and just the execution that matters. So they're kind of segregating things, doing a little bit less experimentation and segregating that. And I think that's normal. That's part of the process. And in terms of the Vault CRM, about AI and how that plays into things, well, it will depend on the size of the customer.

For the smaller biotech, they have a lot of things going on, and they get a lot of things from Veeva. And boy, their first launch is critical. It'll be a make or break for their company. It'll either go or it'll go out of business. There, they don't want risk, and they don't want messing around. They can't go from an unproven product on Salesforce.com and sort of some sort of kind of custom build and then piece it together with content and this and that. They just don't have the people. So there, it's, "I get Veeva. That's one thing I don't have to worry about, and I'm moving on." In the larger customers, that's where I would think a couple of things. AI is certainly a big part of it, and what we believe is for the case for Veeva CRM is there's two things.

One, Salesforce.com doesn't have a product yet. So you're really signing up for sort of a custom build which takes a long time and a certain IT skill set. Most customers don't want that. Some customers do, but most customers don't want that. And then the second, it turns out Veeva is the fastest path to AI that you can use in CRM because it has to be done in the workflow of what you're doing. This is not some generic AI. This is AI for pre-call planning, for compliance, for how to, for the things that a pharmaceutical rep does in a compliant way based on the data sources that are needed in CRM. So Veeva is the fastest path to AI. And so I think that's why Veeva Vault CRM is appealing.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from the line of Charles Rhyee with TD Cowen. Your line is open.

Charles Rhyee (Analyst)

Yeah. Thanks for taking the question. Peter, I wanted to follow up. I think it was David's question earlier. Maybe ask it in a slightly different way. Obviously, in the last year plus, we've seen many large pharma companies undertake significant restructurings of their development processes and, in many cases, taking more of those capabilities in-house and moving to more of a functional FSP model of development, which certainly should give them greater control and gain efficiency through standardization. Has this been maybe part of the driver of growth for development cloud, or maybe it's the reverse? Finally, having something like development cloud available to them allows them to start this process, take more in-house, whereas in the past, maybe the efficiencies weren't there for them, and so they kind of maintain these more broader CRO relationships and really outsourcing development?

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Yeah. I think in an interesting way, I think the Veeva Development Cloud has played a small part in the move from the large pharma to do more functional outsourcing rather than full service because they're able to get a bit more efficiency and have an integrated tech stack. So they want to take advantage of that. Now, that doesn't apply to many small biotechs, right? They need the speed, and they use CROs, and they want the tech and the process and everything all together. So I think it's, in general, I wouldn't say it's driving the large percentage of the Veeva Development Cloud uptake, but it's helping a little bit, and Development Cloud is contributing to the functional outsourcing a little bit versus the full service.

Operator (participant)

And your final question comes from the line of Peter Griffith with Citi. Your line is open.

Peter Griffith (Analyst)

Hey, it's Peter on the line here for Tyler Radke. Congrats on the great quarter, so EDC has been really strong here over the past few years, and it still seems like there's a good opportunity for attached rates in clinical. I believe you touched on it a bit, but I'd like to get some detail on what products you usually see customers choosing to adopt in the clinical suite after choosing EDC. Just trying to understand if there's a typical pathway for product adoption or if it varies by customer. Thanks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

It is going to vary by customer. Oftentimes, our EDC and our CDB, our clinical database, they go together. Then I think the typical things after that would be, well, they start looking at eCOA a little bit more. I think it would be relatively unusual for a customer to go with our eCOA before our EDC because our eCOA is it started much later than our EDC, and it's not as mature, and those two departments are highly close to each other, the eCOA and the EDC. So I think EDC success will be a good indicator of eCOA success. I don't think it influences the other ones too much, really. I think those are independent groups. When you look at RTSM, study training, Site Connect payments, those are more influenced by the eTMF and CTMS.

Operator (participant)

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes our question and answer session. I will now turn the conference back over to Mr. Peter Gassner for closing remarks.

Peter Gassner (Founder and CEO)

Thank you, everyone, for joining the call today. And thank you to our customers for your trust and partnership. And thanks to the Veeva team for your outstanding work in the quarter and year. You're the best, and I love working with you. Thank you.