VinFast Auto - Earnings Call - Q2 2025
September 4, 2025
Transcript
Speaker 1
... Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to VinFast's second quarter twenty twenty-five financial results and Q&A webcast. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You'll then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To ask a question via the webcast, please use the Q&A box available on the webcast link anytime during the webcast. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. And I'd like to hand the conference over to your first speaker, Ms. Amanda Bay, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Speaker 3
Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to VinFast's quarterly earnings call. Joining me today are Chairwoman of the Board, Madam Thuy Le, and our CFO, Ms. Lana Nguyen. Before I turn the call over to Madam Thuy, let me remind you that some of the statements on this call include forward-looking statements under Federal Securities law. These include, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating outlook, guidance, macroeconomics, industry trends, company initiatives, and other future events. These statements are based on the predictions and expectations as of today. Actual events or results may differ due to a number of risks and uncertainties. We refer you to the cautionary language and the risk factors in our most recent filings with the U.S. SEC. In addition, management will refer to Non-GAAP financials during this call.
A discussion of why we use non-GAAP and the information regarding the reconciliation of our non-GAAP versus GAAP financials is available in the press release that we issued this morning. With that, I would like to invite Madam Thuy to start with the management remarks.
Speaker 0
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. It has been a while since we last spoke. I would like to begin with three important takeaways from the second quarter. First, our home market, Vietnam, remains a pillar of strength, helping to drive another robust quarter. We ended Q2 with delivery growth of 172% year over year, and revenue growth of 92% year over year. We are on track to achieve our 2025 delivery target, which is to at least double what we delivered in 2024. Second, we remain focused on international expansion with a strategy anchored around products, markets, and manufacturing. Our manufacturing capacity has expanded with the inauguration of two new factories in Vietnam and India, making significant progress in doubling our design capacity. At the same time, we continue to invest in R&D for our next-generation vehicle platform.
Finally, our financial position has been strengthened with the spin-off of our completed R&D assets, and we continue to be backed by our founder and parent company. Before diving into the specifics, I would like to take a step back and look at the global EV landscape. Macroeconomic headwinds and evolving regulations have introduced greater uncertainties in some markets, while in others, supportive policies are accelerating adoption and intensifying competition. VinFast is not immune to these changes, but our long-term vision remains firmly intact, that is, to be a global leader in electric mobility. We continue to see strong momentum in our business, supported by the expansion of our green mobility ecosystem internationally and regulatory tailwinds driving EV adoption in our home market. To capture these opportunities, we are making deliberate investment in R&D and customer incentives to drive adoption.
These are strategic choices to reinforce our long-term position in core markets. With that, let me begin with our delivery recap before moving to key market updates. First, let's look at EVs. In Q2, we delivered 35,837 units, representing a 172% increase year over year. Over the first half of 2025, we delivered 72,167 units, representing a 223% increase of year over year. VF3 and VF5 continue to be the company's two best-selling models in the second quarter of 2025, contributing 61% of total deliveries. VF6 model ranked first, contributing 12% of total deliveries. Deliveries from the Green Series, which include our electric A and C segments SUVs, accounted for 15% of total deliveries during the quarter.
Our EV deliveries to related parties, which include GSM and others, accounted for 22% of Q2 deliveries. Most importantly, our B2C deliveries have now accounted for over 70% of total deliveries for four consecutive quarters through Q2 2025. About e-scooters and electric bikes. We delivered 69,580 units in Q2, marking a 55% rise quarter over quarter, and 432% increase year over year. Accumulatively, in the first half of 2025, we delivered 114,484 units, marking a 447% increase year over year. The incredible growth in the two-wheeler business was bolstered by favorable government policies to further accelerate EV adoptions, which I will elaborate further later on, along with VinFast's ongoing efforts to support this transition as an early mover in green mobility.
As of June thirtieth, we had three hundred and ninety-four showrooms globally and provided customers with access to over one million charging points across our markets. Now, let's turn into market updates, starting with Vietnam. Vietnam's auto market grew rapidly in the first half of twenty twenty-five, with deliveries rising one point six times year over year to two hundred and fifty-four thousand seven hundred and ninety-four units, driven by surging EV demand. VinFast outpaced the market with three point four times volume growth and sixty-seven thousand five hundred and sixty-nine units, more than the combined deliveries of the next two players. We have maintained our number one position in Vietnam since September twenty twenty-four.
Three of the five best-selling models in the country during the first half of twenty twenty-five were VinFast EVs, including our VF 6, our B-segment electric SUV, which has maintained strong, consistent momentum, with monthly deliveries exceeding a thousand units throughout the first half of the year. Policy momentum is also accelerating EV adoption, as Vietnam's goal is to have 30% of cars in circulation to be electric by twenty thirty, and 100% of cars and taxis to be electric by twenty fifty. VinFast is at the heart of this ambitious goal. Since twenty twenty-two, EV-friendly incentive, including lower special consumption tax for EVs, registration fee exemption until twenty twenty-seven, and 0% import duty on green auto parts, have been implemented.
In second quarter 2025, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have announced plans to phase out gasoline motorbikes in the urban areas, further accelerating the shift to electrification. Together with public-private investment in charging infrastructure, Vietnam is emerging as one of the most ambitious EV adopters in Southeast Asia, with EV penetration already around 30% as of June 2025. We are also making strong progress in B2B electrification. VinFast and GSM have partnered with nearly all major taxi operators to convert their fleet to EVs, a strong endorsement of our vehicle, technology, and long-term vision. Bringing this all together, VinFast has set a flywheel in motion. Consumer education, attractive EV and E-scooter offerings, and our green mobility ecosystem are working in tandem with supportive regulations to accelerate electrification in Vietnam. This same model underpins our international expansion strategy.
The opportunity in our key Asian markets is compelling, growing middle class, low vehicle ownership rates, and even lower EV penetration. With broadly similar socioeconomic conditions, these markets are prime for EV adoption. Let's start with India. We opened for pre-booking of our VF 6 and VF 7 in mid-July, followed by the inauguration of our CKD manufacturing facility in Tamil Nadu this August, marking a significant milestone in our entry into Indian market. VinFast India has signed strategic agreements with certain dealership groups to launch dealerships across top cities. This partner was carefully selected to deliver full-service 3S support: sales, service, and spare parts, in line with our customer-first philosophy. As an early pure player EV entrant in India, we are taking a disciplined approach.
Initial volume are expected to be modest as we focus on delivering strong customer satisfaction and protecting dealer profitability in a competitive market. Moving on to Southeast Asia. We continue to deepen our presence in expanding our green mobility ecosystem and product lineup to offer more choices to consumer. In Indonesia, our affiliate, V-Green, is deploying charging ports together with four partners, and in the Philippines, V-Green and GSM have signed an MOU with Meralco, the Philippines' largest power distribution company, to co-develop charging stations, and technical expertise. Indonesia contributed approximately 5% of our total EV deliveries in the quarter, reflecting an early momentum in one of Southeast Asia's most promising markets. The VF 3 model, recently awarded the best EV city car at the Indonesia International Motor Show, represented 35% of our deliveries in the country....
The vehicle is demonstrating a strong initial traction, and it's beginning to attract consumers from more established brand in the compact EV segment. To make EV even more accessible to Indonesian consumer, VinFast is offering a suite of competitive incentives, including free charging, attractive financing rate, and a resale value guarantee up to 90%. As of June thirtieth, we have 24 showrooms in Indonesia, alongside with an authorized service network operated by local partners. Underscoring our long-term commitment to Indonesian market, VinFast has joined the country's leading automotive industry association. On the manufacturing front, our CKD facility in Subang is on track for technical SOP by the end of 2025. During the quarter, GSM Indonesia has also been scaling rapidly, with plans to expand its fleet and broaden its footprint into new cities.
The business announced a strategic partnership with Gojek, Indonesia's second-largest ride-hailing platform, a move that significantly enhanced our visibility and reach in the country. We expect this increased exposure and ecosystem build-out to drive B2C adoption, laying the groundwork for long-term consumer growth. Moving on to the Philippines. Electrification has largely been driven by the adoption of hybrids, with battery electric vehicles still representing a smaller but increasingly significant portion of the market. According to data from the Automotive Industry Association, CAMPI, for the first six months, electrified vehicle sales stood at 13,490 units, of which battery electric vehicles account for 2,439 units. In the first half of 2025, VinFast been capturing an estimated 25% market share in the battery electric vehicle segment.
Again, thanks to the VF 3, whose unique design and attractive pricing appeal to Filipino consumers. A key part to our sales strategy is to focus on the fleet sales opportunity to large corporate. While it is still early days for our expansion in the Philippines, we believe that Filipino consumers will increasingly recognize the strength of our value proposition as we introduce more models alongside with GSM fleet expansion. GSM is disrupting the traditional taxi industry by becoming the first fully foreign-owned company to operate taxis in the Philippines, starting with a fleet of five hundred EVs. We've seen strong initial consumer interest in trying GSM, and our sales team is actively looking to convert the enthusiasm into long-term B2C sales by turning ride-hailing passengers into VinFast owners. Move on to North America and Europe.
We are continuing to rightsize our operational footprint following the strategic transition from direct-to-consumer to a dealer-led distribution model. In August, our first third-party dealership opened in California, and we continue to focus on offering the best value in the market. In Europe, we expect to make our eBus debut at Busworld Brussels in October, where we will showcase two eBus models. Our brand reputation is enhanced by customer testimonial and word-of-mouth recommendations, and we want to thank our dealer partners and customers for trusting us throughout this transition period. As of June thirtieth, we had thirty showrooms in North America and Europe, with over 80% of that being dealers' showrooms. Turning to manufacturing and R&D activities in Vietnam, which are central to our long-term competitiveness.
In June, we inaugurated our second factory in Vietnam, located in Ha Tinh, Central Vietnam, completing construction and installation in under seven months, one of the fastest-built auto plants in the world. The facility had an initial design capacity of up to two hundred thousand vehicles per year and will focus on compact urban EVs. It is also expected to attract suppliers to the zone, supporting our goal of reaching over 80% localization by 2026. Our innovation, the Limousine MPV, which is our first model on one of the next-generation vehicle platform with zonal EE architecture, was delivered to customers in early August. With a diversified and evolving product portfolio, strengthened manufacturing base, and next-generation platform, VinFast is well positioned to meet diverse customer needs and accelerate the adoption of electric mobility globally.
Before I hand it over to our CFO, Lan Anh, I want to briefly explain the strategic spin-off of completed R&D assets that we announced in August. VinFast transferred a portfolio of completed R&D assets into a new entity, Novatech, which our founder, Mr. Phạm Nhật Vượng, agreed to acquire for $1.6 billion in cash. The transaction is expected to close in Q3 and highlight Mr. Phạm's continued commitment to supporting VinFast's long-term growth. VinFast will maintain access to all technologies transferred through licensing agreements, ensuring continuity in our innovation and product development roadmap. Now, let me turn it over to Lan Anh for her remarks and discussions on financial.
Speaker 4
Thank you, Madam Thuy, and hello, everyone. As Madam Thuy explained, we see tremendous opportunities in our core Asian markets, underpinned by raising consumer awareness and supportive government policies for electrification. To capture this momentum, we are accelerating our investment in promotion campaigns and customer incentives. These initiatives are essential to building long-term brand equity and market share. At the same time, we remain committed to investing in R&D to advance our product roadmap. Now, let me walk you through our results in more detail. The company's strategy in Q2 2025 continued to focus on driving top-line growth. As a result, total revenue reported $663 million, representing a 92% year-over-year increase and a 2% quarter-over-quarter gain, driven by an increasing EV sales volume in Vietnam.
Within our product portfolio, the VF 3 sustained its strong momentum, emerging as the best-selling car in Vietnam's auto market during the first half of 2025. Our second best seller, the VF 5, delivered a solid 35% year-over-year increase in the sales volume, while the VF 6, our rising electric DSUV, posted an impressive 297% year-over-year growth. Cost of goods sold for the quarter was $935 million, an increase of 66% year over year, and a 6% quarter over quarter, reflecting the continued ramp-up in deliveries. Gross margin was negative 41% in the second quarter of 2025, compared to negative 63% in the second quarter of 2024, and negative 35% in the first quarter of 2025.
The improvement in gross margin over the second quarter of twenty twenty-four was attributed to increased sales and improved costs. The decrease in gross margin compared to the first quarter of twenty twenty-five was primarily driven by the higher warranty provision rates, an increase in cost of vehicles sold, excluding sales reduction relating to free charging program, NRV, and other. Gross margin was minus 20.9% in Q2, twenty twenty-five, compared to minus 19.3% in Q1, twenty twenty-five, and minus 33.7% in Q2, twenty twenty-four. Moving on to operating expenses. R&D expenses were $93 million, decreased 12% year over year, and increased 16% quarter over quarter. The decrease in R&D costs compared to the second quarter of twenty twenty-four was primarily due to a reduction in engineering and development costs.
As VinFast has completed the product development work on multiple modules in the previous year, the increase in R&D costs compared to the first quarter of 2025 was attributable to R&D costs in relation to its new modules, such as the Green Series and EC Van. As noted previously, our existing modules will undergo a technology refresh on the new vehicle platforms, which will drive additional R&D over the next 12 months. As a percentage of revenue, R&D in Q2 2025 was 14%, an improvement from 31% in Q2 2024. SG&A expenses for the quarter was $136 million, decreased 11% year over year, and 9% quarter over quarter. The decrease over the second quarter of 2024 was driven by no additional impairment charge being required for the battery production lines.
The decrease compared to the first quarter of 2025 was due to lower impairment charge for battery leasing activities. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A improved to 20%, compared with the 23% in Q1 2025, and 44% in Q2 2024. Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes net loss on financial instrument at fair value through profit or loss, for the second quarter of 2025, was -$419 million, with an EBITDA margin of -63%, compared to -56% in Q1 2025, and -123% in Q2 2024.
The improvement from -123% in the same period last year reflects benefits from increased scale. Net loss for the quarter was -$682 million, with a net loss margin of -122%, compared to -109% in the first quarter of 2025. Now, turning to the CapEx and cash flow. CapEx for the quarter was of $212 million, an increase of 46% quarter over quarter, and 102% year over year, driven by the incurred CapEx for the new plants. Operating cash flow for the quarter was -$463 million, compared to the -$314 million in Q2 2024, and -$602 million in Q1 2025.
On a secondhand basis, the improvement in cash flow from operations was due to improvements in net working capital. In Q1 2025, we recorded higher changes in inventories due to stocking up ahead of the Lunar New Year period in Asia. In terms of cash flow efficiency, our cash burn in Q2 2025 was equivalent to 101% of revenue, compared to 116% in the same period last year. Finally, an update on our liquidity and the previously announced grants and borrowings commitment in late 2024. As of the 30th of June, 2025, VinFast's outstanding borrowings from Vingroup under this commitment was $1.2 billion. The company received a total of $1.1 billion disbursement from our founder, pursuant to the grant agreement.
Our total liquidity as of thirtieth of June is $4.2 billion, which reflects cash and cash equivalents combined with the $1.6 billion expected cash proceeds from the recently announced completed R&D assets spin-off transaction, the remainder of the fundraising commitment from Vingroup and our founder and ELOP facility. Operator, let's open for Q&A.
Speaker 1
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please limit to one question and one follow-up at a time. To ask a question via the webcast, please type it into the box and click Submit. We will now take our first question from the line of Andres Shepherd from Cantor Fitzgerald. Please go ahead, Andres.
Speaker 2
Hi. Good morning, everyone, and good afternoon. Thank you so much for taking our questions. Madam Thuy, just curious if you can maybe give us a little more color on the cost discipline efforts that you're putting in place. You know, I noticed that margin came a little bit below the previous quarters for this time. You know, how should we think about that cost discipline for the second half of the year and into next year? Particularly, how should we think about gross margins and blended ASPs for the second half and into next year? Thank you.
Speaker 4
Hi, hi, Andres. Nice talking to you again. Well, I think on the... Over the past few quarters, as you can see, we delivered meaningful BOM cost savings, so about, like, 16% reduction in Q4 twenty twenty-four and another 11% in Q1 twenty twenty-five. In Q2 twenty twenty-five, the mix was more concentrated on models like the VF3, VF5, and VF e34, with the most optimization that has already been realized. So further savings this quarter were more limited until we move on to the new platform. So looking ahead, we see a greater potential in upcoming versions, the VF6 and VF7.
These will be produced on our new vehicle platform, as we talked about it before, which will benefit more from the optimized design and in-house battery production and deeper collaboration with suppliers. So yeah, while the higher volume certainly give us more leverage on pricing, our cost efficiency don't just come from just scale. They've been driven by technology innovation, long-term partnerships with the suppliers, and just other factors to improve on the BOM cost, as well. So depending on the mix, it could be different quarter from quarter.
Speaker 2
Got it. Okay, that, that's super helpful. Thank you so much, and just as maybe a quick follow-up, so you've reaffirmed your outlook to more than double sales this year versus last year, which is great to see. Just curious if you can maybe help us understand, where is the second half growth going to be coming from primarily? Is it continued penetration in Vietnam, or is it India, Indonesia, Philippines? You know, how should we think about that growth for the second half? Thank you.
Speaker 4
We're very confident we're on track to hit our 200,000-unit delivery target.
Speaker 0
... Historically, the first half of the year makes up less than 30% of annual volume, and it, as you recall, last year, it was only, I think, like 22% of 2024 volume. This is largely because of seasonality in Vietnam, where the consumers tend to hold back a bit to get purchases earlier in the year. But even with that seasonality, our growth has been strong this year versus last year.
And looking forward, we expect a significant ramp-up in the second half, supported by a few key drivers, like continued very robust demand in Vietnam, a stronger dealer and after-sales network internationally, and also the rollout of charging infrastructure, new model launches like VF6, VF7, as well as the growing fleet sales to, like, GSM and other transport operators. On top of that, we will be expanding our Green Series with a model like Limo Green, Mini Green, and other EC vans. And we are seeing quite a lot of demand for this for the Green Series as well.
Speaker 2
Excellent. That's great. Thank you so much. Congrats on the quarter. We'll pass it on.
Speaker 0
Thank you.
Speaker 1
Thank you. There are no further questions from the phone lines at this time. I'll hand back to the room for questions on the webcast.
Speaker 3
Thank you, operator. We have a question from the webcast. Could you elaborate on the impact of next-generation platforms on margin improvement and help quantify the contribution? Ms. Lana will answer this question.
Speaker 4
Yeah. In August, we delivered the first Limo Greens, our new entrant into the MPV segment, with novel vehicle platform and the EE 2.0 architecture. The feedback so far has been positive. And due to the recency of the product launch, we are in a position to disclose the margin impact. However, the next generation of eco platform are expected to drive meaningful cost savings, like Madam Thuy just mentioned. Moreover, it also drives a significant improvement in customer experience. The OTA update time is cut from hours to less than one hour, with more reliable remote updates via high-speed internet protocol linking key components.
We are also working on the new vehicles in the pilot to hit the market in the coming months, such as, like, Mini Green and EC Van. Thank you.
Speaker 3
We have the next online question. Please give more color on the impact on gross margins in Q2, specifically on the higher warranty provision rates and the increase in the cost of vehicles sold, for which revenue has been deferred. Ms. Lana, would you like to take this question?
Speaker 4
Yeah. To recap, our gross margin was negative 41% in Q2, 2025, compared to the negative 35% in Q1. However, if we exclude sales reduction related to the free driving program, the impact of NRV, the cost of vehicles sold for which revenue has been deferred and other provisions, gross margin was minus 20.9% in the Q2, 2025, compared to the minus 19.3% in the Q1, 2025. The higher warranty provision during the period is typically... I mean, in the early years of the post-production generation, we expect this to go down and align with the industry benchmarks as our product mature.
We recognize a cost of goods sold for small number of vehicles already delivered under customer contracts, while the revenue recognition will occur in the subsequent periods once a contractual acceptance milestones are met. This accounting treatment reflect a timing difference rather than an economic loss. Thank you.
Speaker 3
Hi, operator. Can we check if there are any questions on the line?
Speaker 1
We currently have no further questions from the phone line, but as a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one, one. Thank you.
Speaker 3
Thank you, operator. Our next question is regarding our eBus business. Can you share your plans for the eBus business, and should we expect the overseas eBus business to be a meaningful driver for VinFast? Madam Thuy, will you take this, please?
Speaker 0
Awesome. So last quarter, we shared that we plan to expand VinFast eBus presence into Asia and Europe. I'm happy to announce that we also just hired a new person to head eBus business in North America. We have since received a lot of inbound interest from international partners, which reflects by the attractiveness of our products. That said, our overseas eBus strategy is still in early stage, and we haven't disclosed any specific targets yet. This year will be mostly on starting the business. But as an update, we will debut two e-bus model for European market at the Busworld Brussels. So the press conference will be on October fourth, twenty twenty-five. Yeah, please help us spread the word out if you can.
I think we're starting with European market because it's particularly very, very promising for us as well. But looking ahead, we think that e-bus business will evolve as part of our broader green mobility strategy. Yeah, we'd be happy to report more in the coming quarters.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. Our next question is regarding e-scooters. What percentage did this segment contribute to first half twenty twenty-five revenue and gross loss? How many units do you target to deliver in FY twenty twenty-five, and what is the current production capacity and expansion plans for the e-scooter business? Ms. Lan Anh, would you like to take this question?
Speaker 4
For the first half, the contribution a small percentage compared to total. We will disclose in the full financial statement on the Form 6-K later. For the guidance, while we do not provide the guidance for e-scooter this year, we expect a substantial increase in delivery for the rest of the year. This is a continuation in the strong sales and momentum year to date. This is also thanks to the favorable government policies for further accelerate the EV adoption, and VinFast's ongoing efforts to support this transition in the very early mover in the green mobility.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Ms. Lan Anh. The next question on the line: What is the expected timeline to launch the VF 6 and VF 7 in North America? Madam Thuy, would you like to take this?
Speaker 0
We are in the middle of preparing our five-year plan for North America. I think things are still moving. We do have at least the VF 7 for the plan. But we would like to address this topic probably at the end of the year.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. And there's a follow-on question about the e-scooter business. So this quarter, two-wheeler deliveries far exceeded EV growth. Does the company plan a structural shift in this business model, or do you still expect four-wheelers to dominate long-term revenue? Madam Thuy or Ms. Lan Anh, would you like to take this question?
Speaker 0
Sure. That's fine. It's not really a structural shift per se, because the average selling price for the e-scooter is a lot lower than the EVs. However, we did see a significant pickup in Vietnam for e-scooter. This just reflects the market dynamics where, you know, in Vietnam or in Southeast Asia in general, the motorbikes sold each year a lot higher than vehicles. So in Vietnam in particular, it's about over three million motorbike are sold annually versus about two to four hundred thousand cars. And what is interesting is the consumer in Vietnam are showing strong readiness to switch from gasoline motorbikes to electric scooters.
And also this a certain shift in regulations as well that are driving this movement to greener transportation. So going forward, we still believe that the four-wheelers will remain the longer-term revenue drivers. However, e-scooter electric buses will be adding more to the revenues going forward.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. The next question is regarding the warranty margin track, which impacted Q2, and should we expect this to be a headwind in the back half of twenty twenty-five? Lan Anh, would you like to take the question?
Speaker 4
Yes, sure. The Q2 margin impact was mainly an effect that very common with the first product generations. With the ongoing design upgrades, more mature manufacturing processes and stronger after-sales support, warranty costs are expected to trend down over time and normalize closer to the industry levels. So we don't see it like a sustained headwind in the back half of twenty twenty-five.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Lan Anh. The next question on the line is regarding deliveries in the foreign markets. Of total deliveries in the foreign markets, what proportion was to related parties? Ms. Lan Anh, would you take that question, please?
Speaker 4
... So, for the related party transaction that we disclose for the global level, not just a specific for the four-wheel market. So, across the market of the first half of 2025, the overall, our B2C deliveries actually, if we accounted for the four consecutive quarters through Q2 2025, that's accounted for over 70% of the total delivery. Yeah.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Ms. Lana. Our next question is regarding an update on our factories in India and Indonesia. Madam Thuy?
Speaker 0
Oh, in Vietnam, as you probably saw from the news, we opened the factory in Ha Tinh at the end of June, and the factory has a capacity of up to 200,000 compact EVs, and we're building models like VF 3, the EC Van, on a very flexible line. In India, in early August, we opened the factory in Tamil Nadu with the initial capacity of 50,000 units per year, and scalable to 150,000 units per year. We are producing the VF 6 and VF 7 for India as well for export from the factory. In Indonesia, the construction at Subang factory is progressing well, and we target to open by the end of the year as well.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. Our next question is regarding the green mobility ecosystem. How is that rollout progressing internationally?
Speaker 0
I think in the previous quarter, we discussed our strategy. Taking the strategy from Vietnam, where we're rolling out not just VinFast vehicles, but the whole clean ecosystem and bringing it to other markets, I'm happy to report that we started doing that in the markets closer to us. In Indonesia, GSM has already scaled quickly since our launch late last year. We have about three thousand cars on the road today. The utilization rate is running at about 95%. With our recent partnership with Gojek, that give us a broader reach to the customers.
On the charging side, V-Green in Indonesia is targeting about 63,000 charging portals in the country by end of 2025. In the Philippines, GSM is the first fully foreign-owned taxi operator. We offer fares as low as traditional taxis and about one-third of other platforms at peak hours, while also giving drivers better income and benefits. Currently, we have about 500 taxis in Metro Manila, supported by 2 depots and about 100 charging stations, either live or under development. V-Green is working on the target to have about 15,000 charging points in the Philippines by the end of 2027.
In India, it's still early for us, but V-Green already established the company there and is looking for partners, and GSM is also exploring to enter India very soon.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. We have a few more questions from the line. How has the feedback been from consumers around the company's buyback program on returned vehicles, and how do you expect that to change in the medium term?
Speaker 0
Okay. I think the buyback program has helped build consumer confidence in EV adoption. But given the strong value proposition of our vehicles, we expect customer will have little reason to exercise it, and its relevance will naturally diminish over time.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. Our next question is regarding our positioning in India. Why has VinFast initially launched the VF6 and VF7 in India while choosing VF5 and VF e34 for the Indonesia market? Please give more colors on the key differences for these two markets.
Speaker 0
I think we're announcing India in the next few days. I'm kind of holding that for the announcement and not to talk about it yet. But I think with Indonesia, it's quite from socioeconomic standpoint, it's quite similar to Vietnam, so our approach is has been so far very, very similar to how we roll out in Vietnam. So wait a few more days, and there will be an exciting announcement about India.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. Our next question is regarding product lines, certain product lines which have already reached normalized gross margins, and how should we think about the BOM cost trends going forward? Will scaling volumes be sufficient to offset pressures from the higher-end products?
Speaker 0
Lana?
Speaker 4
Yeah. On a normalized basis, excluding exceptional items and non-cash, like, depreciation and amortization. Our VF3 and VF5 models are already gross margin positives. For higher spec models, like a VF6 and VF7, we focus on improving margins through platform simplification, supplier sourcing, and localization. At a volume scale, we expect to see significant improvements. From a portfolio perspective, we anticipate a normalized gross margin turning positive as scale and localization fully take effect. We'll continue to update you on that progress each quarter. Thank you.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Ms. Lan Anh. Our next question is actually regarding e-scooters. VinFast has announced new measures to accelerate e-scooter adoption, such as offering free charging and working with financing partners. How should we think about the financial impact of these initiatives?
Speaker 4
For our e-scooter business, the e-scooter business is still loss-making, and we expect that to continue in the near term as we roll out adoption support measures. For example, in July, we signed a cooperation agreement with the two major banks in Hanoi. Under this program, buyers receive a 10% discount on a VinFast e-scooter, pay just 10% upfront and enjoy free charging at the V-Green public station until May of twenty twenty-seven. For the profitability for e-scooters remain a longer, a long-term goal. Right now, the focus is on making electric two-wheelers more accessible and aligning with Vietnam's green mobility agenda.
While we don't provide specific delivery guidance for e-scooters, it is reasonable to expect volume to remain materially higher than our four-wheeler business in the coming years.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Ms. Lan Anh. Our next question is regarding the decision to reintroduce battery leasing in Indonesia. How does bringing back battery leasing impact the company's pricing in Indonesia? Madam Thuy, would you like to take this?
Speaker 0
I think if you've been following VinFast, you remember that at the beginning, we offered battery leasing in Vietnam for the first few years, and we just phased it out recently. Battery leasing allow the consumer to adopt EV faster because the upfront payment is lower than the gasoline car, as well as the monthly payment is less than the gasoline consumption for the vehicle, and total cost of ownership would be lower. So when we first introduced, about 95% of our customers chose this option. Gradually, when customers get more familiar with EVs in the market like Vietnam, for example, and more comfortable with EVs, then we phase it out.
So we're doing the same thing in Indonesia right now, and we and we believe that it's going to have the similar impact like it did in Vietnam. By offering battery leasing, we are building a broader customer base, accelerating EV adoptions, and also strengthening our foothold in Indonesia, which is one of the Asia's fastest growing EV markets.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. On that note, the follow-up question on the line is regarding the competitive intensity in our core Asian markets, and how long do we anticipate running promotional campaigns, and are these promotional campaigns in response to competition in the region?
Speaker 0
Well, competition is good for consumers, right? So, that's what we're facing in every market. But like, yeah, and competition is indeed very strong across Asia, and that is to be expected with how quickly EV adoption is accelerating. Our promotions are just like reaction. They are deliberate strategy to build awareness and accelerate adoption, especially in early stages of entering a market. For example, we just introduced the battery leasing in Indonesia, as I mentioned before. We partnered with the banks to offer 0% interest financing and one selective cash discount on zero down payments program, for example. But that said, our differentiation goes beyond just pricing.
We are investing heavily in building the full ecosystem, expanding the V-Green charging infrastructure with local partners, and growing GSM ride-hailing fleet. Over time, as we gain scale and as our ecosystem matures, we expect promotion to normalize and the ownership experience with a strong warranty, excellent after-sales, and good residual value will become the real driver for consumer confidence.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. And the follow-up question to that is regarding how international sales is tracking.
Speaker 4
... in the first half of twenty twenty-five, international markets made up less than 10% of our total deliveries, which is similar to last year. The mix has shifted, though. Today, Indonesia and the Philippines are the main contributors, whereas last year it was U.S. and Canada. We are seeing encouraging progress. In the Philippines, VinFast capture a 25% share of the battery, the BEV segment in the first half. And in Indonesia, about 5% of our quarterly delivery came from there, from Indonesia. Mostly led by VF 3, which was recognized as the best EV city car. Sales in India are set to begin in Q3. So looking ahead, we are building scale across Asia with three key priorities.
First, we're rolling out the full green mobility ecosystem with GSM ride-hailing and with V-Green charging network. Secondly, we're making EVs more accessible through expanded product offerings and strong financing partnerships. And finally, we're working closely with the government and partners, you know, in the Philippines, India, everywhere, to push for the green transition in those countries.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Madam Thuy. And our last question on the line is regarding what drove the higher cash balance this quarter, and what is the outlook for cash burn through twenty twenty-six and twenty twenty-seven? Ms. Lan Anh, please.
Speaker 4
Yeah. Thank you. The higher cash balance mainly reflects the financing inflows of about $1.2 billion, which more than offset operating outflows of around $463 million, and investing outflow of around $305 million. This created a net uplift of roughly $500 million. The key driver, new term loan agreement with the Deutsche Bank AG and SeaTown Holdings at the end of the first half of 2025. For looking ahead, we expect operating outflows of $400 million-$600 million per quarter in the near term. This is tied to having operations investment in our overseas plans, R&D for the next generation models, and broader global operating costs.
Over time, we expect that this to improve as operating leverage builds and margin strengthen. On liquidity, as I mentioned earlier, that as of the thirtieth of June, our liquidity stood at the $4.2 billion, which includes cash and cash equivalents combined with the $1.6 billion that we expect that the cap is going to be like the cash proceeds from the recently announced completed R&D asset spin-out transaction. I mean, the Novatech. And the remainder of the fundraising commitment from Vingroup, our founder, and ELOP facility. Also, we are well supported by project financing from our Indonesia and India plants, assisted bank loans.
Together, this provide with a ample runway to execute growth strategy through 2026 and 2027. Thank you.
Speaker 3
Thank you, Ms. Lan Anh. Operator, that concludes our Q2 earnings call. Thank you.
Speaker 1
Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect your lines.