Verra Mobility - Earnings Call - Q4 2024
February 27, 2025
Executive Summary
- Q4 2024 revenue grew 5% YoY to $221.5M; Adjusted EBITDA rose 12% to $102.0M (46% margin), while GAAP EPS was a loss of $(0.41) due to a $97.1M non-cash goodwill impairment in Parking Solutions; Adjusted EPS increased to $0.33.
- 2025 guidance formalized: revenue $925–$935M, Adjusted EBITDA $410–$420M, Adjusted EPS $1.30–$1.35, FCF $175–$185M, net leverage ~2.0x; assumptions include ~163M diluted shares, 28.5–29.5% ETR, ~$110M D&A, ~$70M net interest, ~$90M capex, and ~$15M working capital use.
- Government Solutions momentum continued with ~$56M of 2024 ARR wins and an expanding legislative TAM (~$185M, with potential to >$300M if CA expands), while San Francisco’s speed program is slated to be fully operational in early 2025, supporting 2025 install cadence.
- Capital allocation and balance sheet de-risking: $200M of 2024 share repurchases (including a Q4 ASR) and two term loan repricings (cumulative 100 bps spread reduction), with swap cancellation and weighted average cost of debt a little over 6% at current SOFR; net leverage ended 2024 at 2.4x.
What Went Well and What Went Wrong
- What Went Well
- Strength in core units: Government Solutions revenue +10% YoY (segment margin 34% vs. 26% last year) driven by product sales and lower credit loss expense; Commercial Services steady with +4% revenue and 65% margin.
- Pipeline/TAM expansion: “30 bills” across states in 2024 expanded automated enforcement TAM (~$185M; potential >$300M with CA), with $56M incremental ARR booked in 2024; CA’s first speed program (San Francisco) targeted fully operational early 2025.
- Cash flow/returns: Q4 FCF $21.6M; FY24 FCF $152.8M; $200M 2024 buybacks; net leverage 2.4x with guidance to ~2.0x by YE25; debt repriced (SOFR + 2.25%) cutting spread 100 bps through 2024.
- What Went Wrong
- Parking Solutions (T2) challenged: Q4 revenue down 13% YoY and margin compressed (14% vs. 22%); segment incurred a $97.1M goodwill impairment reflecting carrying value vs. current environment.
- NYC flat in 2025 base case: largest GS customer modeled flat pending competitive RFP outcome; introduces forecasting uncertainty and defers growth leverage in a ~40% sub-segment (NYC + product).
- Mix and investment headwinds: 2025 margin guide ~45% (down ~100 bps) from TAM execution costs (pre-revenue installs), ERP/HRIS costs (~$5M non-capitalized in 1H25), and mix (CS growth tempered by TSA normalization).
Transcript
Operator (participant)
Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Verra Mobility's Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Liz, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to Mark Zindler, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Mark Zindler (VP of Investor Relations)
Thank you. Good afternoon, and welcome to Verra Mobility's Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. Today, we'll be discussing the results announced in our press release issued after the market closed, along with our earnings presentation, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at ir.verramobility.com. With me on the call are David Roberts, Verra Mobility's Chief Executive Officer, and Craig Conti, our Chief Financial Officer. David will begin with prepared remarks, followed by Craig, and then we'll open up the call for Q&A.
Management may make forward-looking statements during the call regarding future events, anticipated future trends, and the anticipated future performance of the company. We caution you that such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risk factors. These factors are described in our SEC filings. Please refer to our earnings press release and our investor presentation for Verra Mobility's complete forward-looking statement disclosure.
Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on our beliefs and assumptions today, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements. Finally, during today's call, we'll refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure is included in our earnings release, quarterly earnings presentation, and investor presentation, all of which can be found on our website at ir.verramobility.com. With that, I'll turn the call over to David.
David Roberts (CEO)
Thank you, Mark, and thanks to everyone for joining us. We delivered a solid fourth quarter with consolidated revenue growth of 5%, adjusted EBITDA increased 12%, and adjusted EPS increased 38% over the prior year period. Fourth quarter free cash flow of $22 million was slightly ahead of our expectations, and we ended the year with net leverage of 2.4x while investing nearly $150 million to repurchase about 5 million shares in the fourth quarter. Moving on to the segment level financials, Commercial Services fourth quarter revenue and segment profit increased about 4% over the prior year period.
Both revenue and segment profit in Commercial Services were negatively impacted by a prior year period adjustment of approximately $3 million related to tolling activity. RAC tolling, which includes this $3 million prior period adjustment, increased 3% over the prior year period, and FMC revenue grew 5% over the fourth quarter of 2023. Government Solutions service revenue increased 5% over the fourth quarter of 2023. Revenue from New York City, our largest Government Solutions customer, was essentially flat year-over-year as we await the outcome of the competitive request for proposal for automated enforcement.
Service revenue increased 9% outside of New York City, driven by expansion from existing customers and new cities implementing photo enforcement programs. Total revenue, including international product sales, were up about 10% over the prior year quarter, fueled by a $5 million increase in product sales compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Government Solutions segment profit increased 44%, or 790 basis points, over last year, driven by a $4 million non-cash charge in the fourth quarter of 2023 and a reduction in credit loss expense in the current year quarter.
Moving on to T2, our Parking Solutions business, total revenue declined about 13% for the quarter, driven by lower professional services and one-time hardware sales. Segment profit declined to $3 million for the fourth quarter. I'll provide more commentary about what operational improvements we have planned for Parking Solutions later in my remarks. Next, I'm going to focus on the key trends shaping our portfolio of businesses and what makes me so excited about the future growth trajectory.
Starting with travel demand, which directly impacts our Commercial Services business, full year 2024 TSA passenger volume increased about 5% over 2023 volume, driven by strong leisure and business travel demand. While that sets up a challenging comparable for 2025, we continue to anticipate resilient travel volume consistent with forecasted GDP growth over the prior year. The travel trends to start the year have been volatile due to winter storms and the California wildfires.
However, based on the positive sentiment from the major airlines and our customers, coupled with other industry data we've evaluated, we remain comfortable with our expectations for 2025 TSA volume. Additionally, the number of toll roads and the penetration of electronic tolling infrastructure, two secular tailwinds that positively impact the long-term growth profile of commercial services, continue to demonstrate ongoing strength. Over the course of 2024, 14 new cashless toll roadways were converted or opened, covering nearly 600 miles of roadways across the United States.
Moreover, cashless toll penetration increased from 67% to about 70% in full year 2024, demonstrating that the secular trend to all electronic infrastructure is steady, with room for further expansion. Next, I'll move on to the demand for automated photo enforcement, the key driver for our Government Solutions business. In 2024, 30 bills were enacted at the state and local levels to authorize, expand, or positively reform automated photo enforcement programs, including recent legislation in Massachusetts authorizing school bus stop arm and fixed and mobile bus lane enforcement.
We anticipate these new authorizations in Massachusetts to result in over $30 million of addressable market opportunity. In total, the enabling legislation passed over the prior two years across the United States adds approximately $185 million of total addressable market, or TAM, with the potential to expand to over $300 million as further legislation allows in California. Our execution against this TAM has been strong. In the fourth quarter, we won contract awards representing about $11 million of incremental annual recurring revenue at full run rate, bringing the full year incremental ARR total to $56 million.
Notably, as we have previously announced, the San Francisco Speed Safety Program will be the first speed program in the state of California, and it is expected to start issuing warnings by the end of the first quarter of 2025. Additional fourth quarter awards, including a new school bus stop arm award in Upstate New York and an expansion of our existing speed program in Toronto. Our Government Solutions ARR bookings typically materialize into revenue over a 12 to 18 month period. In conjunction with an approximate 97% contract renewal rate, we believe demonstrates a strong and predictable recurring revenue stream.
Moving on to New York City, we are awaiting the outcome of the competitive RFP for the city's automated enforcement program. The New York City Department of Transportation recently published their annual report quantifying the efficacy of their automated photo enforcement programs and were incredibly pleased and proud of the findings, which include daily violations at speed camera locations have decreased 94% since the start of the program in 2014. 74% of drivers receive no more than one or two violations per year.
Locations with cameras installed in 2022 showed 14% fewer injuries and fatalities between 2021 and 2023 compared to control corridors without cameras. Violations in the overnight and weekend hours decreased 40% in the two years since 2022 when expanded hours first went into effect. Following the expansion to overnight and weekend enforcement locations with speed cameras, we saw 9% fewer injuries compared to control locations without cameras during the overnight and weekend hours.
We believe that these findings demonstrate the importance of implementing automated enforcement and the positive impact it can have on traffic safety for our communities. Next, I'll discuss T2 Parking Solutions business, which we acquired in December 2021. T2 is the industry leader delivering parking solutions to universities, municipalities, and private parking operators across the United States. We offer an end-to-end suite of software, professional services, and hardware to meet our customers' evolving needs to manage parking.
As you can see in the fourth quarter results, we recorded a non-cash impairment of goodwill attributed to the T2 business to better align the current environment and the carrying value with the historic environment when we acquired the business. Craig will elaborate on the financial impact of the goodwill impairment in a moment, but I'll take a few moments to comment on the trend shaping the business. We believe the market for SaaS-enabled solutions to manage the complexities of parking in universities, municipalities, and private parking operations is strong and growing.
As I noted in our third quarter call, Lin Bo joined our executive leadership team in August and brings tremendous experience in leading organizations, driving sales growth and enhancing operations. Since joining the organization this summer, Lin has brought in new sales leadership, and we are seeing early signs of stabilizing our operations. We have visibility into a strong sales pipeline for our SaaS-enabled permit management solutions, and we are in the very early innings of our sales and marketing of our e-commerce platform, which is designed to create new revenue streams through transactional pricing.
Our goals for 2025 were to stabilize the business first by addressing the challenges that led to elevated customer churn and simultaneously rejuvenating the sales engine and continuing to deliver broad suite solutions. We anticipate flat revenue in 2025 relative to 2024, and our focus is on exiting 2025 with strong velocity with the goal of getting back to growth in 2026. We expect the demand for parking permitting and enforcement for cities and universities to continue to increase over the long term given the unique challenges related to urbanization and curb management, and we believe the market opportunity for T2 is significant.
We're taking steps needed to drive long-term execution and performance. Moving on, we had an active year from a capital allocation perspective. Over the full year in 2024, we deployed $200 million to repurchase over seven million shares. Additionally, we refinanced our term loan debt twice, lowering our borrowing rate by 100 basis points over the course of the year. Additionally, we were active in evaluating M&A opportunities, but ultimately redirected capital to share repurchases based on valuations and price discipline. Craig will provide a detailed commentary on our 2025 financial outlook, but I'll hit the highlights.
As we indicated during our third quarter call, we expect to deliver revenue growth consistent with our long-term 6%-8% outlook, albeit at the low end of that range in 2025. Moreover, we anticipate adjusted EBITDA to grow at a slower pace than revenue due to investments in sales and product installs in Government Solutions, one-time costs related to our ERP implementation, and lastly, revenue mix as Commercial Services revenue is expected to reflect lower anticipated travel volume.
We expect adjusted EPS growth will outpace adjusted EBITDA due primarily to the capital allocation efforts I just discussed, lower borrowing costs, and reduced share count driven by the 2024 share repurchases. Our business fundamentals are strong and intact. Travel demand appears resilient and a source of ongoing strength for Commercial Services. We expect that our strong sales bookings and Government Solutions will drive solid revenue growth over the foreseeable future. And finally, we expect Q2 to exit 2025 with a strong velocity.
Based on these factors, we anticipate that our long-term outlook remains intact relative to the 2026 revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets that we provided at our 2022 investor day. Craig, I'll turn it over to you to guide us through our financial results, capital allocation, and 2025 financial outlook.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Thank you, David, and hello, everyone. Appreciate you joining us on this call today. Let's turn to slide four, which outlines the key financial measures for the consolidated business for the fourth quarter. Our Q4 performance was on plan, which included 4% service revenue growth and 5% total revenue growth. The service revenue growth, which consists primarily of recurring revenue, was driven by solid fourth quarter travel demand in the commercial services business and service revenue growth outside of New York City in the Government Solutions business. At the second level, commercial services revenue grew 4% year-over-year.
Government solutions service revenue increased by 5% over the prior year, while T2 Systems SaaS and services revenue declined 4% over the fourth quarter of 2023. Product revenue was $12 million for the quarter. GS contributed $8 million, and T2 delivered about $4 million in product sales overall for the quarter. Additionally, our consolidated adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $102 million, an increase of approximately 12% versus last year. We reported a net loss of $67 million for the quarter, which reflects the goodwill impairment charge of $97 million for the carrying value of T2 Systems.
The tax provision of about $11 million after adjusting for the goodwill impairment expense represents a normalized full year effective tax rate of about 30%. The GAAP EPS loss of $0.41 per share for the fourth quarter of 2024 compares to a profit of $0.02 for the prior year period. The delta between these two results was driven primarily by the $97 million goodwill impairment for T2 Systems. Adjusted EPS, which excludes amortization, stock-based compensation, goodwill impairment, and other non-recurring items, was $0.33 per share for the fourth quarter of this year, compared to $0.24 per share in the fourth quarter of 2023, representing 38% year-over-year growth.
The increase in adjusted EPS was driven by the increase in adjusted EBITDA, a sustained reduction in interest expense driven by our 2024 repricing efforts and our ongoing share repurchase activities. Cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $40 million, and we delivered $22 million of free cash flow for the quarter, slightly ahead of our expectations. Turning to slide five, we generated $402 million of adjusted EBITDA on approximately $879 million of revenue for the full year 2024, representing a 46% adjusted EBITDA margin. Additionally, we generated $153 million of free cash flow for the year for a 38% conversion of adjusted EBITDA.
Please note that this free cash flow total includes the one-time $22 million tax-adjusted plus past legal settlement costs we incurred during the first quarter of 2024. Next, I'll walk through the fourth quarter performance in each of our three business segments, beginning with Commercial Services on slide six. CS year-over-year revenue growth was 4% in the fourth quarter. RAC tolling revenue increased 3%, or about $2 million over the same period last year, driven by solid travel demand and increased rental volume. As David mentioned earlier, we incurred an approximate $3 million charge impacting both revenue and segment profit due to prior period tolling activity.
This $3 million impact was historical in nature and non-recurring. However, it was not added back to our segment profit. Our FMC business grew 5%, or about $1 million year-over-year, driven by the enrollment of new vehicles and tolling growth from existing and newly enrolled FMC customers. Additionally, the combination of title and registration, violations management, Europe, and other revenue contributed approximately $2 million of year-over-year revenue growth for the quarter. Commercial Services segment profit margins declined about 40 basis points in the fourth quarter to 65%, driven primarily by the prior period adjustment mentioned earlier.
For the full year, Commercial Services generated $408 million of revenue, or 9% growth over last year. Segment profit of $268 million resulted in margins of about 66%, a 70 basis point improvement over the prior year, driven by volume-based operating leverage. Turning to slide seven, Government Solutions had solid service revenue growth in the quarter, driven by 9% growth outside of New York City. Total revenue grew 10% over the prior quarter, benefiting from about $8 million in product sales, a $5 million increase over the same period last year. Government Solutions segment profit was $35 million for the quarter, representing margins of approximately 34%.
The increase in margins versus the prior year is primarily due to a prior period $4 million expense adjustment in the fourth quarter of last year, as well as lower credit loss expense in the current year quarter. For the full year, Government Solutions generated $391 million of total revenue, a 9% increase over 2023, driven primarily by 12% service revenue growth outside of New York City. Segment profit was $122 million for the year, an increase of 6% over the prior year. Let's turn to slide 8 for a view of the results of T2 Systems, which is our Parking Solutions business segment.
We generated revenue of $20 million in segment profit of approximately $3 million for the quarter. SaaS and service sales were down 4%, or $700,000, from the prior year quarter, while product revenue was down 35%, or $2 million, compared to last year. Breaking down the SaaS and services revenue a bit further, recurring SaaS revenue grew about 4% over the prior year quarter. However, offsetting this increase was a decline in installation and other professional services due to the reduction in product sales over the past four quarters. For the full year, T2 delivered revenue of $81 million, a decline of approximately 6% versus last year, and segment profit of $12 million.
As David discussed, we recorded a $97 million non-cash impairment of the goodwill to better align the current environment and the carrying value of T2. This does not change our view of the strength of the end markets in which T2 competes. We highly value the recurring nature of the SaaS business, where we see strong demand, and we anticipate significant potential for our nascent e-commerce platform, which creates new revenue streams through transactional pricing. Okay, let's turn to slide nine and discuss the balance sheet and take a closer look at leverage.
As you can see, we ended the quarter with a net debt balance of $968 million, which reflects about $150 million used for share repurchases in the fourth quarter. We ended the quarter with net leverage of 2.4x, and we've maintained significant liquidity with our on-demand credit revolver. Our gross debt balance at year end stands at about $1 billion, of which approximately $700 million is floating rate debt. At the end of the third quarter, and based on the SOFR forward yield curve, we opted to utilize our early termination option and cancel the entirety of our float for fixed rate swap. Consequently, the term loan is now fully floating.
In addition, in the fourth quarter, we completed a successful repricing of our $700 million term loan B. The repricing was over-subscribed, and we achieved a 50 basis points reduction in the coupon rate, lowering it to SOFR plus 2.25%. This repricing will yield about $10 million in cash savings, net of fees, over the remaining life of the debt. On our total debt stack, this lowers our weighted average cost of debt to a little over 6% at current SOFR levels. This was our second successful debt repricing this year, the cumulative effect being a reduction in our spread of a full 100 basis points over the course of 2024.
Closing out our discussion on 2024, I'm pleased to report that we successfully remediated the IT General Controls material weakness identified in our 2023 audit through a combination of the implementation of enhanced IT oversight, system-enforced segregation of duties, and the hiring of new and experienced personnel. Now let's turn to slide 10 for a discussion on full year 2025. We expect total revenue in the range of $925 million-$935 million, representing approximately 6% growth at the midpoint of guidance over 2024, consistent with the preliminary outlook we provided on our third quarter earnings call.
We expect Adjusted EBITDA in the range of $410 million-$420 million, representing approximately 3% growth at the midpoint over 2024, again consistent with the preliminary outlook on our Q3 call. This represents an adjusted EBITDA margin of about 45%, down about 100 basis points compared to last year. As we previously discussed, the combination of TAM execution costs, financial infrastructure investment, and portfolio mix are expected to drive the temporary reduction in margins. Let me provide a refresher on each of these margin drivers.
The TAM execution cost item is largely driven by our government business, as we incur incremental business development and project go-live costs in advance of converting our growing backlog to revenue. The financial infrastructure item relates to the previously discussed in-flight replacement of our aging ERP and HR information systems. We expect to incur about $5 million of non-capitalized costs in the first half of the year to complete this project. These project costs are one-time in nature and will not continue past 2025. The portfolio mix is primarily in our commercial business, where we expect travel growth year-over-year.
However, that growth will be moderated relative to other growth drivers in the business, limiting margin expansion. Moving on to the segment level, in commercial services, we expect high single-digit revenue growth driven by resilient travel demand and product adoption. We are modeling TSA volume at 102.5%, 102.5% for the full year, and breaking that down further, we anticipate the first quarter will be modestly below that estimate, followed by a sequential ramp-up in travel volume in the second and third quarters, ending with a reduction in the fourth quarter, very much in line with historical trends.
In addition, we're expecting increased FMC revenue at a growth rate generally in line with the overall CS business. For the combined CS business, the first quarter is forecast to be our lowest revenue-generating quarter, followed by sequential revenue increases in the second and third quarters, followed then by a decline in the fourth quarter as the summer driving season comes to a close. As a reminder, all revenue in this segment is service revenue. Government Solutions is expected to generate the high-end of mid single-digit total revenue growth, driven by the expansion of camera installations with existing customers and new customers awarded in the fiscal year 2024.
We expect annual product revenue in the GS segment to be roughly comparable to 2024 levels. To contextualize this further, we anticipate flat service revenue for New York City while we await the outcome of the competitive RFP, and we expect product revenue to be mostly flat, all of which comprises nearly 40% of total Government Solutions revenue. The remaining 60% of Government Solutions revenue is expected to grow low double digits in 2025. Lastly, Parking Solutions is expected to be about flat with 2024 levels. We expect SaaS revenue to grow low to mid single-digits, offset by a decline in installation and professional service revenue on roughly flat product sales.
For the company as a whole, we are guiding to a 2025 non-GAAP adjusted EPS range of $1.30-$1.35 per share. Free cash flow is expected to be in the range of $175million-$185 million, representing a conversion rate in the low to mid-40th percentile of adjusted EBITDA. We expect to spend approximately $90 million of CapEx in 2025, an increase of about $20 million over 2024. The vast majority will be spent in Government Solutions to implement newly awarded photo enforcement programs. Lastly, based on the adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow guidance, and excluding capital allocation investments, we expect to reduce net leverage to about two times by year end 2025.
Other key assumptions supporting our adjusted EPS and free cash flow outlook can be found on slide 11. In closing, we are well-positioned to deliver a strong 2025 on both the top and bottom line. Our core markets are solid, and the secular growth trends are durable. We remain confident in achieving the 2026 revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets we set back at our investor day in the summer of 2022. This concludes our prepared remarks. Thank you for your time and attention today. At this time, I'd like to invite Liz to open the line for any questions. Liz, over to you.
Operator (participant)
As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Our first question comes from the line of Faiza Alwy with Deutsche Bank.
Faiza Alwy (Managing Director of US Company Research)
Yes, hi, thank you. So I wanted to follow up on the Commercial Services business. You mentioned maybe some volatile trends this quarter starting the year because of the weather and wildfires, etc. So I just want to clarify there, and I know, Craig, you gave pretty good seasonality around how you're thinking about trends, but curious if there's sort of anything else you'd like to say about the quarterly cadence around whether it's travel trends or commercial revenues in general.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Yeah, okay. Thank you, Faiza. Let me take that in two parts. So first, I think as we go into 2025, no change to what we've discussed historically. TSA is probably a good thing to look at for our business. So why don't we do a quick recap of how TSA has performed? We closed the fourth quarter of 2024 at about 103%. So that's quarter-over-quarter 2024 versus 2023. Coming into 2025, I expect 102.5% for the year. As I said in the prepared comments, Faiza, I think that's a lot slower in the beginning of the year. It ramps to that 102%, a little higher than 102.5% at the end of the year to average out to 102.5%. So that kind of says I expect 101-ish in the first quarter.
Here's what it looks like as of today. We closed January at about just shy of 102%. February month to date as of this morning is right at 100%. So year to date, we're at 101%. The comment on the wildfires and some of the weather events is if you look at it, I gave you a 60-day rolling average. If you look at individual days and weeks, there's been quite a bit of variability from week to week because of some of the events. But in general, the year is starting to pan out volume-wise as we anticipated. Let me go into the sequentials for the business because I just want to make sure that we're clear on that one for the Commercial business.
Here's how I expect revenue to pace out by quarter. Versus 2024 for commercial services only, I expect the first quarter to be down sequentially from the fourth quarter of last year, low single-digits. I expect the second quarter to be up, low double-digits, very similar as it was this year. I expect the third quarter to be up, high single-digits. Then I expect the fourth quarter to come back down, high single-digits. If you average that out, you get to a high single-digit organic growth for CS overall for 2025.
Faiza Alwy (Managing Director of US Company Research)
Great. That's very helpful. Thank you. Then on the Government Solutions business, it sounds like you're starting to build in some revenues from the new contracts coming from the new legislation. So a two-part question on that. One, maybe update us on some of these win rates as you're bidding for these contracts. Then secondly, similar question around how do you expect sort of revenue to build through the course of the year as, again, some of this ARR converts to revenue?
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah, I mean, hey, it's David. I mean, I think we don't really talk win rates, but I think we're saying we're winning more than our fair share for sure. As we talked about in terms of the total dollar amount that we've closed over the last six months for the end of last year, our pent-up demand is exciting. Per the prepared remarks, it tends to take anywhere from 12 to 18 months for that revenue to build. That is just kind of a, I would call that an industry standard. Sometimes we can get a little ahead of that, sometimes a little behind it, but that's about average. So we would expect to draw down on that backlog over the next 12 to 18 months.
Craig Conti (CFO)
I think in terms of pacing, I would expect that service revenue. So if we go all the way back and we look at growth for overall Government Solutions, we talked about the high-end and mid single-digits for the business as a whole. 40% of this business is New York City, which we're still forecasting as flat for this year, and product, right, together. We're forecasting that as flat as well. So all the growth in the remaining 60% of that business is service growth. It's outside of New York City. We expect that number, Faiza, to be low double-digit year-over-year. And if I were to look at that sequentially, that number should ramp roughly sequentially.
So the service revenue should be flat to up each quarter as we go through, again, timing dependent. Where that may get a little more complicated is on the total Government Solutions revenue line, the product. We still expect somewhere in the range of last year's product revenue. That could be a little bit more episodic. So I would always think about that, the growth of Government Solutions service revenue to be a sequential grower, and the majority of that growth, almost all of that growth, is coming from the service line outside of New York City.
Faiza Alwy (Managing Director of US Company Research)
Great. Thank you so much.
Our next question comes from the line of Nik Cremo with UBS.
Nik Cremo (Research Analyst)
Hi, David and Craig. Thanks for taking my questions. First, I just wanted to touch on the GS business. It's good to hear that the SF pilot remains on track for Q1. I just wanted to check on the other cities in California that are going to be having RFPs for a similar pilot program. Have those RFPs come out yet, and when can we expect to hear back on those?
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah, the one that's gone out that we've already responded to is San Jose. We're anticipating the others to be, I would say, anytime in the next three to six months that we'll hear a couple of others in places like Oakland, L.A., Long Beach, places like that. But they're not out yet, but those are the ones we're expecting. But San Jose has already come out and has already been responded to.
Nik Cremo (Research Analyst)
Okay, great. And then for my follow-up, is the second quarter still the right approximate timing for when we could get some clarity on the outcome of the NYC RFP?
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah, it's really not dependent on us. It's dependent upon the city and their decision-making. That is a reasonable guess to say sometime in Q2, but I couldn't tell you if it's the first day or the last day.
Nik Cremo (Research Analyst)
Okay, got it. Thanks a lot, guys.
David Roberts (CEO)
Yep, thank you.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Thank you.
Operator (participant)
Our next question comes from Daniel Moore, with CJS Securities.
Will Gildea (Equity Research Associate)
Hey, this is Will on for Dan. Given that 2025 is more of an investment or setup year, particularly in Government Solutions, how should we think about the opportunity for margin expansion looking into 2026 and beyond? Thank you.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Yeah, the way I look at this is I'm going to give you an answer that's probably not the perfect answer, Will, but the answer is it depends, and here's why it depends. We are expanding into new geographies. In 2024, we did. We're doing it again in 2025 to the degree that that accelerates or exists in 2026. I would expect margins to look a lot like they do in 2025 and 2026. So maybe set a little better. If I think about GS margins for the year for 2024, we closed at about 31%. If I think about them next year, I think we've probably got somewhere in the neighborhood of 150 basis points-200 basis points of pressure. Now, half of that pressure is coming from the fact that we're putting in a new ERP system.
So we want to think about that. And when I have growth of low double digits in service revenue in new geographies, that cost comes before that revenue, and especially if it's at the quantum that we've seen in the past, I would expect high 20s to around 30%. But when my head hits the pillow at night, I think about this as a 30% margin business.
Will Gildea (Equity Research Associate)
That's super helpful. Thank you. And then just to follow up, where are you seeing the most potential opportunity from an M&A perspective?
David Roberts (CEO)
For M&A, I mean, we've obviously continued to be broad in our view, but I think what I would say the activity level of assets seems to be as hot, meaning assets that are coming to sale from private equity owners or financial sponsors, I think has been as high as it's ever been. We haven't closed a deal in the last year or two is not a result of us not working deals. We just want to maintain price discipline, make sure we have good line of sight. And so I would say that there's a broad both across connected vehicle and urban mobility, a lot of assets that we're looking at and are excited about.
Will Gildea (Equity Research Associate)
Thank you.
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah, thanks.
Operator (participant)
Our next question comes from Louie DiPalma with William Blair.
Louie DiPalma (Research Analyst)
David, Craig, and Mark, good afternoon.
David Roberts (CEO)
Hey, Louis.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Hey, Louis.
Louie DiPalma (Research Analyst)
Hey. Does the speed camera pipeline remain as elevated as it was two years ago when the legislation for Florida and California came out? And I know you mentioned the new legislation that's pending in Massachusetts, but with the pipeline, should we expect similar bookings in 2025 relative to 2024?
Craig Conti (CFO)
Thanks. Yeah, let me take the first part first. So if I think about in David's prepared remarks, he talked about $185 million of ARR opening in the near term. Somewhere around the range of 20%-40% of that is sitting in school zone speed. So, I think the easy answer to the first part of your question, is the pipeline looking as strong as it was two years ago? Is an emphatic yes. Okay? The second part of your question, will bookings look the way that they did as strong as they did in 2024? I simply don't know. As we look at the activity year to date, we feel very good about where our funnel sits. And I think you could triangulate what we think on bookings. I can't give a booking number.
I'll only do that on an actual basis for obvious reasons, Louis. But if you think about the fact that we're forecasting low double-digit service revenue growth outside of New York City, we would need more bookings than we had going into 2025 to get that done. So there will be some in-year revenue. So I think the overarching thing that I want to communicate is the pipeline remains as strong as it's ever been, and we're really excited about our ability to execute it.
Louie DiPalma (Research Analyst)
Great. Thanks, Craig. And you discussed your CapEx associated with business development and taking advantage of this market opportunity. I was wondering what technology investments have you continued to make on the customer side in order to stay ahead of the curve in terms of the latest functionality with cameras and catering to the different needs of your very large customer base?
Craig Conti (CFO)
Yeah, we have a product engineering group within the business that is always both looking and not only working with our current customers, but surveying the landscape globally as to what we can do to be more supportive and forward-leaning with our customers. So we have a team that's fully deployed to do that. I don't have a dollar amount to share, but we leverage both our internal teams as well as the several partners that we use across the different camera technologies.
Louie DiPalma (Research Analyst)
Sounds good, and one last one. A few years ago, David and Craig and Mark, you and your RAC partners have offered all-inclusive pricing, and there seems to be a lot of customer satisfaction. What is the penetration now of all-inclusive pricing within your customer base? Do most customers go for all-inclusive, or do they still use the per-day pricing?
Craig Conti (CFO)
It's very driven by the location, Louis, because all-inclusive works better in some locations than others, so we actually look at that adoption rate basically at an airport-by-airport location, and so we don't really get into any specific disclosures around customers.
David Roberts (CEO)
Right. The one thing on customers on that that we will say, though, is that this only exists technically today for two of our customers. Right? So Enterprise does not use this on a wide basis, which is something that we've thought about in the past. But this continues to be a popular product. And you're right, Louis, we've got some really good feedback on it, and it's performing well.
Louie DiPalma (Research Analyst)
Excellent. Thanks, everyone.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Yep. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
Our next question comes from David Koning with Baird.
David Koning (Senior Research Analyst and Associate Director of Research)
Yeah. Hey, guys. Thanks. Nice job. I guess in commercial, I just wanted to look at the year-over-year growth in Q4. I think it was $4 million, but there was a $3 million headwind. So it should have been $7 million, kind of on a core basis. But the way you're kind of guiding Q1 is for only about, let's say, $1 million or maybe even less year-over-year growth. I guess, why the deceleration and just kind of normalized year-over-year growth?
Craig Conti (CFO)
I think that you're right on the fourth quarter, David. You're right on the $3 million. You would have to add that back. I don't know that I would look at the acceleration into Q1 as being anything other than seasonal, right? And I would say that the same on a year-over-year basis. Remember, you're not looking at equivalent TSA throughput in both periods, right? So that's going to skew your result. There was more TSA growth sequentially going into this period last year on your comp period than you're seeing today. That's one piece.
I think the other thing, if you look at it in total, right, we still expect this to be a high single-digit grower. And if we remember back to how we talked about it last year, we talked about a 50%, 25%, 25% to get to that high single-digit growth. And I talked about the three pillars. Those same three pillars are intact today. However, it's more like a third, a third, a third this year. So let me explain what that is. A third of that is coming from GDP type travel growth. That ties to the 102.5% I mentioned in my comments. A third of that are the secular tailwinds. David gave some perspective on how many toll roads were added here domestically and also what happened with cashless toll roads.
We expect that to accelerate. That's another third of the growth. And then the remainder of the growth, the remaining third, are all the other things. That's the fleet business. That's the title and registration business and our European business. So if Q1, when you're comparing non-linear comparables year-over-year, may look a little wacky, but I think if you look at it in total, the year kind of makes sense.
David Koning (Senior Research Analyst and Associate Director of Research)
Yeah. No, that's a good explanation on that. And then just my follow-up. So New York, you're assuming it's flat. Would you say you have confidence, like 100% confidence it's within plus minus 5%, or is this just your baseline expectation? And there are all sorts of scenarios that it could be down 50% or up 30%. I'm just wondering how confident you are that flat-ish is kind of the right outcome.
David Roberts (CEO)
I think where we've been really specific is that we're in RFP time, so we're going to wait and see what the city does, and at whatever time they decide to expand with the program, that would be the time that we would be able to be more specific around that.
David Koning (Senior Research Analyst and Associate Director of Research)
Gotcha. Okay. All right. No, thanks, guys. Good job.
David Roberts (CEO)
Thank you.
Craig Conti (CFO)
Thanks.
Operator (participant)
Our next question comes from Keith Housum with Northcoast Research.
Keith Housum (Managing Director and Research Analyst)
Good afternoon, guys. Hey, in terms of the impairment charge and the parking segment, obviously, you guys have a lot of confidence in the ability to turn that business around, but I guess maybe a little bit more about what gives you that confidence there. Is this a market that's growing? I mean, is everybody else growing the business, but you guys aren't? I just want to understand a little bit more of your confidence levels.
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah. I think one, specifically around permits and enforcement, that continues to be a problem for cities, businesses, and universities. And we've seen, by watching both our competitors and maybe more uniquely, the dollars of private equity capital that are flowing into this category is pretty significant. We've seen a lot of M&A activity, which, and we can see some of our other competitors and what their growth is.
We've only just had our own sort of execution issues. So there's a lot of data pointing to the growth and that this can be a significant contributor to the company. So that's part of the data that we're using, as well as our own ear to the ground and our own pipeline development since we've brought in new leadership.
Keith Housum (Managing Director and Research Analyst)
Okay. Appreciate that. And I can understand the challenges in the M&A environment now, how competitive it is. If 2025, from an M&A perspective, is much like 2024, do you anticipate another round of significant share purchases to kind of use your free cash flow?
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah. Our strategy for that has not changed at all. Because of the incredible cash flow generation of the company, we're able to make those sort of decisions pretty much every quarter. We'll look at our M&A pipeline, where we are in different deal processes versus what we're looking at in terms of our intrinsic value in the trading of stock, and we'll make the decision every time. So it's really most, would we continue to be opportunistic on share purchase? Absolutely, but that's contingent upon our M&A pipeline.
Keith Housum (Managing Director and Research Analyst)
Got it. Okay. Thanks, guys. Good luck.
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah.
Operator (participant)
Our next question comes from a line of James Faucette with Morgan Stanley.
Shefali Tamaskar (Equity Research Associate)
Hi. This is Shefali Tamaskar asking a question on behalf of James. Thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to touch on international markets. Wanted to see if you've seen any change in trends towards more cashless adoption in Europe specifically, and if there's anything to call out in terms of new wins there or visibility into international for 2025?
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah. The only thing I would say is there's definitely been several toll roads in France and a couple in Italy that have gone cashless. Those are a couple of the many toll roads that are in each of those countries. I would also say that we've renewed several of our customers that we started with pilots over the course of last year because they have found the value in the program, especially when they're working in places that are more free-flow like Spain or Portugal. So I would just say that the trend is definitely moving forward to positive and up and to the right. It just remains slow because the toll authorities will also have to change to allow that to accelerate.
Shefali Tamaskar (Equity Research Associate)
Okay. Great. Good to hear on that. And then just in government, wanted to touch on any recent trends you've been seeing in terms of specific demand? I know you've previously called out more strength and I think what you've called purpose-built enforcement, and I want to see if that's still the case in terms of where demand is from a legislation perspective and any change in kind of how the economics compare across red light and the bus arm and all the different types of offerings you have?
David Roberts (CEO)
Yeah. I would say the demand is effectively the same, that the real shift is still toward specific areas where there is precious cargo, which is in and around schools and school buses, that those are still, what I would say, by far and away the larger demand drivers. And the economics around that, as our capabilities to increase certain things through our technology deployment remain, I think, effectively the same.
Shefali Tamaskar (Equity Research Associate)
Okay. Cool. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
With no more questions in queue, this concludes today's call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.