Adeia - Q4 2025

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good day, everyone. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to Adeia's Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. During today's presentation, all parties will be in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, the call will be open for questions. I would now like to turn the call over to Chris Chaney, Vice President of Investor Relations for Adeia. Chris, please go ahead.

Chris Chaney (VP of Investor Relations)

Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us as we share with you details of our quarterly financial results. With me on the call today are Paul Davis, our President and CEO, and Keith Jones, our CFO. Paul will share with you some general observations regarding the quarter, and then Keith will give further details on our financial results and guidance. We will then conclude with a question and answer period. In addition to today's earnings release, there is an earnings presentation which you can access, along with the webcast, in the IR portion of our website. Before turning the call over to Paul, I would like to provide a few reminders. First, today's discussion contains forward-looking statements that are predictions, projections, or other statements about future events, which are based on management's current expectations and beliefs, and therefore are subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances.

For more information on the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from what we discuss today, please refer to the Risk Factors section in our SEC filings, including our annual report on Form 10-K and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Please note that the company does not intend to update or alter these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after this call. To enhance investors' understanding of our ongoing economic performance, we will discuss non-GAAP information during this call. We use non-GAAP financial measures internally to evaluate and manage our operations. We have therefore chosen to provide this information to enable you to perform comparisons of our operating results as we do internally.

We have provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in the earnings release, the earnings presentation, and on the Investor Relations section of our website. A recording of this conference call will be made available on the Investor Relations website at adeia.com. Now, I'd like to turn the call over to our CEO, Paul Davis.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Thank you, Chris, and thank you everyone for joining us today. I'm pleased to be here to share our results for the fourth quarter and full year 2025. We delivered an outstanding year, both financially and operationally. Our record annual revenue exceeded the high end of our guidance range, and we delivered excellent operating income and EBITDA, also exceeding the high end of our guidance. Our record revenue for both the quarter and the year was driven by our dedicated focus on key growth areas, including OTT. I'm proud of our team's commitment to maintaining relationships and finding ways to resolve litigation matters efficiently, resulting in outstanding outcomes for our stakeholders. As we mentioned during the prior call, we were pursuing multiple opportunities that would lead to a strong start for 2026.

With this deal momentum, we have already executed several new agreements this year, most notably a multi-year license agreement with Microsoft, a leading technology company. This agreement covers our media portfolio with broad applicability to Microsoft's business, including their consumer electronics and social media products and services. Let me discuss our fourth quarter results in a little more detail. In the fourth quarter, we delivered revenue of $183 million, highlighted by nine deals, including eight in media and one in semiconductors, with four new customers. Our efforts to diversify our revenue base continue to show results, with non-pay TV recurring revenue growing 30% in the quarter year-over-year. We are pleased to have signed Disney, our biggest new customer in the quarter. With Amazon and Disney, we now have licensed two of the largest OTT providers in the world.

After an extended period of engagement with Disney, we took formal steps to protect our intellectual property while continuing constructive dialogue. Through the course of the litigation, which lasted approximately one year, we believe we are able to demonstrate to Disney the applicability of our portfolio to their services, and both parties reached a comprehensive agreement resolving all disputes. Concluding this matter efficiently reinforces the strength and broad applicability of our IP portfolio and provides additional momentum as we pursue further OTT opportunities. Another new customer in the fourth quarter was Major League Baseball, the second major U.S. professional sports league to sign a multi-year agreement for access to our media portfolio. We were also pleased to sign a multi-year renewal with Vodafone, reaffirming our relevance and strength in international pay TV markets.

In addition, during the quarter, we signed a new OTT customer in South Korea, a new consumer electronics customer in Japan. A domestic consumer electronics renewal and two PTV renewals, further demonstrating the breadth of our licensing platform. In semiconductors, we signed a prototype development agreement with an existing customer following an initial license agreement with them last year. The customer recognized early on the value of our hybrid bonding technology for high-performance imaging and detection systems. I'd like to provide a brief review of our accomplishments for the year. Turning to the full year, 2025 was a record year for Adeia. Revenue reached $443 million, exceeding the upper end of our revised guidance, with operating income of $276 million and adjusted EBITDA of $278 million, both above the high end of our guidance.

Our results were driven by the execution of 26 license agreements across a diverse customer base spanning OTT, semiconductors, consumer electronics, pay-TV, and e-commerce verticals. Importantly, we added a record 12 new customers, significantly expanding and diversifying our licensing base. Momentum was strong across both core and growth verticals, including 9 pay-TV deals, 7 in OTT, and 4 semiconductor deals. New customers such as Disney, STMicro, Major League Baseball, and several e-commerce platforms contributed meaningfully to growth. Renewals with customers including Altice USA, Vodafone, and others continue to support the stability and predictability of our recurring revenue stream. Balanced capital allocation remained a priority in 2025. During the year, we reduced debt by $60 million, returned capital through dividends and share repurchases, and acquired 6 tuck-in patent portfolios, all while growing our cash balance. Our semiconductor innovation also received industry recognition.

Our hybrid bonding technology was awarded Best of Show for Most Innovative Technology at the Future of Memory and Storage Conference. In addition, RapidCool received the Global Brands Award for Technology Excellence. As demand for high-performance computing driven by AI continues to grow, we believe effective thermal solutions will be increasingly critical and remain focused on advancing RapidCool with partners and potential customers. Several opportunities we previously discussed have closed or are expected to close early in 2026, supporting our confidence in our annual revenue guidance. The opportunities in our pipeline continue to expand across both media and semiconductors. As we have previously mentioned, we are expecting pay-TV as a percentage of revenue to decline below the historical average of approximately 50%-60%. We are now anticipating pay-TV will represent approximately 35%-40% of our forecasted revenue this year.

We are closely monitoring and taking direct action to challenges within our pay-TV licensing program. Specifically, DirecTV has filed certain litigation which ultimately challenges the need for a new license agreement. We believe this is a clear violation of the agreements we had in place, and we have in turn filed a breach of contract suit against them. As we have demonstrated in recent disputes, including Altice USA and Disney, we are confident we will ultimately be able to successfully resolve this matter. As a reminder, the vast majority of U.S. pay-TV operators are licensed to our media portfolio, several of which agreements extend into the next decade. We continue to diversify our customer base. One of our primary strategic priorities over the last few years has been to grow our revenue in non-pay-TV verticals such as OTT, semiconductors, consumer electronics, social media, and adjacent media markets.

By adding new customers in these verticals, we have made tremendous progress. In 2025, we grew our non-pay-TV recurring revenue by more than 20%, and since 2022, we have grown it by more than 60%. In semiconductors, we see the adoption of hybrid bonding broadening, with new product releases anticipated in 2026. Hybrid bonding enables further advancement of Moore's Law in an environment where there is a growing need for innovations that support rapidly evolving AI ecosystems and related infrastructure. While AMD is already in production with their hybrid bonded products, other logic leaders, such as Intel, Broadcom, and Marvell, have publicly disclosed product roadmaps that will utilize hybrid bonding. Hybrid bonding is also becoming critical in memory, especially in high-bandwidth memory and NAND, which are increasingly needed to process today's large language models and other AI applications.

Micron, Samsung, and SK Hynix are all making significant multi-billion dollar investments in advanced packaging capacity that support their hybrid bonding strategies for HBM and NAND. Semiconductor equipment tool makers involved in the hybrid bonding supply chain have further confirmed the rising adoption within their tool orders, recently accelerating. With AI driving significant transitions in semiconductor architectures and the need for better cooling technologies only increasing, our hybrid bonding and RapidCool technologies position us well to capture meaningful opportunities in the next several years. Our patent portfolio underpins our future licensing activity. In 2025, we grew our portfolio by 13%, marking our third consecutive year of double-digit growth, driven by strategic R&D and targeted M&A. While portfolio expansion remains a priority, we expect growth to moderate over time.

I'm pleased once again, we were recognized by Harrity & Harrity as one of the most prolific inventors in the U.S., with our ranking rising compared to last year and ahead of industry leaders such as AMD, Broadcom, Verizon, and AT&T. Amongst these industry titans, I'm extremely proud that we had the 66 most new U.S. patents issued in 2025, a remarkable achievement for a company of our size and a testament to our commitment to innovation. We achieved a lot in 2025. We strengthened our predictable revenue stream while expanding into key growth markets, positioning Adeia for continued long-term value creation. We also recently enhanced our leadership structure to strengthen execution towards the company's long-term strategy and growth priorities.

Specifically, we welcome back Craig Mitchell to the newly created role of Chief Semiconductor Officer, where he will lead the company's semiconductor technology and R&D organization and will be responsible for shaping Adeia's semiconductor vision. In addition, Dr. Mark Kokes was appointed Chief Revenue Officer. Mark will oversee our global sales and go-to-market strategy across the organization. Finally, Bill Thomas was appointed to Chief Strategy Officer, a newly created position to oversee our long-term planning, market analysis, and growth initiatives. With this new leadership, I am confident we have the right team and structure to execute on our strategy. We are off to a strong start in 2026, supported by recent agreements and a growing pipeline. We remain focused on achieving our long-term goal of $500 million of annual licensing revenue. Now I'll turn the call over to Keith for further details on our financial results.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Thank you, Paul. I'm pleased to be speaking with you today to share details of our fourth quarter 2025 financial results. During the fourth quarter, we delivered strong financial results with revenue, operating income, and adjusted EBITDA, all exceeding the high end of our guidance. Record revenue of $182.6 million was driven by the execution of nine deals across a diverse mix of customers, including OTT, pay-TV, consumer electronics, and semiconductor. During the quarter, we signed four new license agreements. This includes signing a significant license agreement with Disney, which greatly adds to our presence in the OTT market. Now, I would like to discuss our operating expenses, for which I will be referring to non-GAAP numbers only.

During the fourth quarter, operating expenses were $49.2 million, an increase of $12.1 million, or 33% from the prior quarter. The increase is primarily due to increased variable compensation as a result of exceeding certain performance targets. Research and development expenses increased $3.1 million, or 21% from the prior quarter. The increase is primarily due to increased variable compensation, as well as increased portfolio development costs. Selling general administrative expenses increased $7.7 million, or 44% from the prior quarter, reflecting increased variable compensation costs. Litigation expense was $6.5 million, an increase of $1.3 million, or 25%, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to higher spending on AMD and Canadian litigation matters.

Interest expense during the fourth quarter was $9.4 million, a decrease of $614,000, primarily attributable to our continued debt payments and due to lower variable interest rates during the period. Our current effective interest rate, which includes amortization of debt issuance costs, was 7.5%. Other income was $1.7 million and was primarily related to interest earned on our cash and investment portfolio and due to interest income earned on our revenue agreements with long-term billing structures under ASC 606. Our adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $133.9 million, reflecting an adjusted EBITDA margin of 73%. Depreciation expense for the fourth quarter was $484,000. Our non-GAAP income tax rate remained at 23% for the quarter.

Our income tax expense consists primarily of federal and state domestic taxes, as well as Korean withholding taxes. Now for a few details on the balance sheet. We ended the fourth quarter with $136.7 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and we generated $60 million in cash from operations. As demonstrated by our results, the fourth quarter has historically been a very strong cash generation period for us. This strong financial performance allowed us to execute on all four pillars of our balanced capital allocation approach while growing our cash balance. This includes paying down our debt, repurchasing shares, paying our dividend, and making 2 tuck-in acquisitions.

We made $21.1 million in principal payments on our debt in the fourth quarter and ended the quarter with a term loan balance of $426.7 million. In the fourth quarter, we repurchased approximately 718,000 shares for $10 million, bringing the remaining amount available for future repurchases to $160 million under our current stock repurchase program. We paid a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock. Our board also approved a payment of another $0.05 per share dividend to be paid on March 30th to shareholders of record as of March 16th. Now I'll go over our guidance for the full year 2026. Our 2026 revenue guidance range is $395 million to $435 million.

As we mentioned in our previous call, our sales pipeline was, and continues to be, very strong. This has manifested not only a strong close to 2025, but serves as a springboard to early success in 2026, which we see propelling us through the remainder of the year with future wins. Overall, we see the first half of the year and the second half of the year being relatively equal in terms of revenue contribution. Operating expenses are expected to be in the range of $184 million to $192 million. We anticipate modest single-digit growth for both R&D as well as SG&A expenses as we continue to prioritize investing in our technology and infrastructure in both our media and semiconductor businesses. We anticipate that our litigation expense will increase year-over-year.

Even with recent settlements, our litigation docket remains active as we pursue additional large licensing opportunities. We expect interest expense to be in the range of $34 millio to -$36 million. We expect other income to be in a range of $5.5 million to $6.5 million. We expect a resulting adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 55%. We expect the non-GAAP tax rate to be 21% for the full year. We also expect capital expenditures to be approximately $2 million for the full year. I could not be more pleased with our performance in 2025. Our operating results reflect significant records for Adeia, for revenue as well as earnings. Our deal momentum and execution have led to a record number of new customers, which are a key catalyst for our future growth as we look to expand our business.

We have shown that we have a relevant and sustainable licensing program, which is bolstered by our commitment to investing in our portfolio development. With the momentum that we have generated, I'm excited and encouraged about our prospects in 2026 and beyond. I'm incredibly proud of our dedicated employees who have worked tirelessly to accomplish our goals, and thankful for their continued belief in our mission. I'd like to turn the call back to Paul for a few additional remarks. Paul?

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Thank you, Keith. I'd like to take a moment to congratulate our employees for delivering a record year and setting us up for success in the future. I'd also like to note we will be attending the Annual Roth Conference in March. We look forward to seeing you at this and other upcoming events. I would now like to turn the call over to the operator to begin our question-and-answer session. Operator?

Operator (participant)

Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press star one again. Please ensure that your phone is not on mute when called upon. Thank you. Your first question comes from Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is open.

Kevin Cassidy (Senior Research Analyst - Semiconductors)

Thanks for taking my question, and congratulations on the great year. You know, as we look at the pay-TV customers, that's gonna be down to 35%-40% of your revenue a lot more de-risked. Is the subscriber loss slowing? Or do you think that gets to an asymptote eventually? We did have, in the fourth quarter, there was Charter announced a increase in their number of subscribers. I'm just wondering what kind of trend you're seeing there?

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Thanks, Kevin, appreciate the comments. You're spot on in terms of what we're seeing with the likes of Charter and seeing an actual increase in their video subscribers. We do see some moderation in the declines as a total %, and we expect that to continue. We have built in subscriber declines into what we forecast, and that's part of that 30%-45% moving forward. This is why we've been so focused on non-pay-TV recurring revenue. While pay-TV still remains a very important part of our business we've intentionally diversified our revenue base since we separated over 3 years ago and made tremendous success with that.

As you see in our non-recurring, our non-pay-TV recurring revenue, I should say. We're very pleased with those results and the progress we made, especially around OTT, semiconductors, and adjacent media markets. Well, pay-TV continues to be an important market for us. You know, we've got a number, as I noted in my prepared remarks, that of deals that go out into the next decade. You know, our customers in pay-TV still see a lot of relevance in our portfolio. We're still getting deals done in that space, but those subscriber declines are built into our expectations, and we do think over time that those will, those will moderate. Great question. Thanks, Kevin.

Kevin Cassidy (Senior Research Analyst - Semiconductors)

Okay, great. Yeah, just a follow-up, if I can ask one. On RapidCool, you know, the interest is encouraging, and just wondering if you could discuss the competitive landscape. You know, what other solutions are your customers looking at or what's, I guess, what is their decision process evaluating RapidCool or adopting it?

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

What's unique about our business is we don't compete in the typical sense, right? We license our technology on a portfolio-wide basis, and RapidCool will be part of that moving forward. We're getting a lot of interest, both on the logic side and on the memory side. We think there's applicability in both, especially as, you know, these AI workloads require more and more memory, as you know, Kevin. We see RapidCool being relevant for HBM, in addition to logic. We're getting a lot of pull on that. What's great about our solution and what we think differentiates it is that it's plug and play, right? You can use the same equipment that is being used today.

You can put it into a liquid cooling rack and data center, right? That is already set up for liquid cooling today, and use RapidCool in the same way that you would use a liquid cooling cold plate. That's tremendous, and we're hearing a lot of benefits around our solution related to that, and so that's what excites us about our solution versus competitive solutions.

Kevin Cassidy (Senior Research Analyst - Semiconductors)

Okay, great. Congratulations again.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Thanks.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

The next question comes from Scott Searle with Roth Capital. Your line is open.

Scott Searle (Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst - Wireless, Communications, and IoT)

Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions. Nice to see the strong conclusion to 2025 and strong start to 2026. Hey, maybe, Keith, just to drive in terms of the mix of business in the fourth quarter, I'm wondering if you could provide a little bit more color in terms of recurring and non-recurring, and also media and semiconductor, kind of the splits in terms of those businesses, and maybe a quick update in terms of how sequentially the 3D NAND market has been progressing, and then I had a couple of follow-ups.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Hey, Scott, great to hear from you. For us in Q4, the amount of recurring versus non-recurring, it was almost equally split. It was pretty close to 50/50. That just kind of gives you a feel of the size and the magnitude of the license agreement that we signed with Disney and the amount that we had recognized related to some of the prior licensing period. That in itself was significant. That actually brought us out for the year, where we ended the year at 80% recurring, 20% non-recurring, which is pretty consistent if you take a look at our history and how we trended as a business.

That number, when we take a look at back a year ago, this is kind of where we thought we could end, and actually a little bit greater. Everything kind of really lines up to where we, we thought it would be. In terms of other mix of the business in semiconductor, as well as media, I started off with semiconductor reason, because I'm quite proud of that group. We had a increase in revenue. If we compare 2024 to 2025, 2024, we did about $18 million in revenue from semiconductor. This year, we did about $26 million, so 40% increase.

Those deals that we signed late in 2024 and early in 2025, and we talked about STMicroelectronics, a significant deal, really started to add to the traction, and we're seeing a little bit more of a pickup, really on the NAND flash of things. I think that was might have been your third question in how we see things progressing. We can't be more pleased in how we what we're seeing in the NAND market. One of the things I do have to remind is that when we signed that agreement, there were certain minimums that were built into the agreement. That, as a result of those minimums, we took a certain amount of revenue upfront, when we signed that.

We had to work through some of those minimums so that impacts the revenue that we recognized in 2025, in 2026, and 2024 as well. We will see a increase, we'll see a modest increase, but we'll pretty much fundamentally work through most of those minimums in 2027, so it'll be more pronounced then. Everything is up and to the right in that regard. Really off to a great start. Our media business, absolutely fantastic. Roughly 94% of our total revenue, and we couldn't be more happy about how we started the year. We signed a couple new deals. We talked about Microsoft, and then we also signed a few deals or a deal on the semiconductor side of the business as well.

Off to a great start and an upward trajectory.

Scott Searle (Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst - Wireless, Communications, and IoT)

Great. Very, very helpful. If I could just quickly follow up on clarification on the NAND front. Just want to clarify in terms of pricing, you, you guys, as I understand it, right, you don't benefit necessarily from the price increases that are going on in the marketplace. You're driven by unit volumes. Does that include capacity overall in terms of, you know, overall NAND capacity that you guys are shipping? Is that how the royalty agreement is priced?

Keith Jones (CFO)

You picked up on a great note there. Our agreements are not based on the selling price. When we go through, we negotiate for those agreements, it's based on a fixed amount per unit. There is some degree of scaling in there, but usually it's more so of volume discounts. The more they produce, the more benefit that we get from them later on down the road. What you're seeing is that dynamic of two things, of increases in NAND and then increases in volume. We benefit from the increase in volume and not the increase in pricing.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

I would also just add, Scott, on NAND, you know, just as a reminder, you know, we signed the deals with Kioxia and SanDisk in March of 2023. At that time, they had no NAND products that, that utilized hybrid bonding and so there's been this ramp of the mix of their product lines that include hybrid bonded products which also impacts as we see. As total NAND goes up, you know, we're focused on what is the percent of that, that is hybrid bonded as well.

Scott Searle (Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst - Wireless, Communications, and IoT)

Very helpful. If I could, you know, in terms of the guidance for 2026, and this will be a little bit of a multipart question here, but wanted to get calibrated on a couple of fronts. It seems like media, there's a lot of momentum that's building. We have the initial step down in the 1st quarter of one pay-TV customer, but given Disney, given some of the other momentum with Microsoft and otherwise, 2 things: Are you expecting in media to see sequential growth throughout the course of the year from the March quarter on? Do you expect media to grow from a recurring standpoint on a year-over-year basis? As it relates to Semi, I'm kind of wondering if you could frame your optimism for 2026.

It seems like there's certainly momentum building with the existing 3D NAND customer base. Paul, you called out some of the ongoing discussions that you've got with some of the larger logic players out there that will introduce products in the course of 2026. I'm wondering, what are you guys factoring in to that guidance? Are you assuming that there's a logic customer that comes in, or is that basically a baseline view of just kind of growing the existing NAND business and what you've got visibility to in front of you on the media side? Thanks.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Yeah. A lot to unpack there, Scott Searle, but let me attempt to address the second part of your question around the semiconductor business, and then I'll turn it back to Keith Jones on the first part of your question. You know, our optimism in semi is still very strong. You know, I think not only in logic, but as we look out further beyond 2026, what we're seeing in memory, not just in the NAND market, but also, you know, further down the road, as we've talked about before, with HBM and the broader memory market, as we have relicensing opportunities down the road.

Really just tremendous amount of investment today, as I noted in my premier prepared remarks and in advanced packaging and hybrid bonding, specifically as the big three really try to control, you know, their own destiny on hybrid bonding and advanced packaging, which is, you know, great for us as we, as we move forward. Yeah, we do have a lot of optimism in our guide overall. We actually have multiple paths to get to where we need to be, and I think our pipeline is stronger going into this year than it has been in since we've separated in terms of the number of large opportunities that we have on the table.

There's multiple ways that we can get to within our guidance range, and, you know, it could be continue to be driven by media, but there's some large semiconductor opportunities as well that are possible, in addition to that.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Scott. Just to add a little bit. No, I'm sorry. You asked about how do we see the media business kind of looking in 2026. A lot of great momentum. I think on the pay-TV front, Paul did a good job of capturing that, seeing that shift being about 35%-40%. Really, one of the tremendous stories on the OTT front, right? We see that business being about 30+% of our total revenue next year, which is just absolutely exciting. I think 30%-35% is really a way to take a look at it, and that just really shows a lot of growth from where we started.

Our market share today is about 50% for on the OTT side, so that's really driving it. That sets us up quite well to kind of get back to your question in terms of: How do we see the media business? When you balance things out for recurring, kind of related revenue, it really sets us up to have a nice modest increase in our revenue year-over-year. Really a great, exciting story for us.

Scott Searle (Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst - Wireless, Communications, and IoT)

Gotcha. Very helpful. Lastly, like, if I could just follow up with one more, just because the semi side is so intriguing and exciting. Paul, so it sounds like, look, there are some opportunities this year. It sounds like more logic-based, but from a, in the marketplace, there's a tremendous amount of press talking about demand for HBM, what we're seeing in data center and otherwise, and pricing, and the evolution quicker than people expected from HBM3-HBM4, HBM4E, et cetera. I'm just wondering, I know this is tied to renewal agreements with some of the larger players out there in 2027, 2028, but I'm wondering how the view is from a customer standpoint, engagement standpoint on that front.

It seems like the market is accelerating well ahead of where we thought it would be, probably 12 or 18 months ago. Is that how you guys are viewing that? Is that translating into at least productive conversations not withstanding that we require renewals in the 2027, 2028 timeframe? Thanks.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Thanks, Scott. We're tremendously pleased with what we're seeing from a marketplace standpoint, on memory. As you think about Micron, Samsung, and SK Hynix, not only on HBM, but what we're seeing with NAND, as we've talked about before. We're thrilled to get the deals done with Kioxia and SanDisk, and we see the need for NAND and the other big three, providers as they get to around 400 layers to eventually go to hybrid bonding as well. So, you know, I think there's an opportunity on both fronts in memory, both in NAND and with HBM.

I don't want everyone to forget about NAND, either, 'cause it's pretty significant for those players as well, and what they're trying to provide, and we think hybrid bonding will be an important story. When you think about AI, NAND's becoming more important, as well, on that side as well, so as people are trying to deal with these AI workloads. It's exciting on both fronts and certainly the conversations and not just with hybrid bonding. As I mentioned, earlier, you know, with RapidCool as well, being an enabling technology, not only for logic but also for the memory market.

We see an opportunity there, certainly. Conversations are progressing with a number of folks on that front as well.

Scott Searle (Managing Director, Senior Research Analyst - Wireless, Communications, and IoT)

Great. Thanks so much. I'll get back in the queue.

Operator (participant)

Your next question comes from Hamed Khorsand with BWS Financial. Your line is open. Hamed Khorsand, perhaps your line is on mute.

Hamed Khorsand (Principal and Director of Research)

Sorry about that. Could you talk about the quarter's revenue and, yeah, you outperformed, given the guidance you gave right before Christmas. What drove that outperformance? Is there any recognition from '26 into '25? If you could just give a little bit more details about that, please.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Hey, Hamed, great question. When we announced the deal with Disney, it was hot off the press after we signed that. Frankly, the accounting wasn't done, and it's a very large and complex transaction. I think you and I discussed that before, and then ultimately, we got the accounting set up. There were some things there that were more favorable to us. Also, to add to that and where you see this overachievement on the revenue and the guidance, we closed more business, and we had a strong close to the year.

Most notably, I could kind of point to, you know, we talked about Major League Baseball as one, but there are others that, with great momentum from our sales team, those guys didn't take a vacation. After they signed Disney, they kept on working hard and we benefit from that. Last but not least, but it was, quite frankly, very meaningful to us, is that both on our media side and our semiconductor side, we got some very favorable royalty reports from increased volume. You heard, earlier, you know, in particular, one of the other, Kevin Cassidy had talked about, where you see from Charter, and we saw that across the board, that the numbers that we reported on pay-TV were favorable.

Then also, to no surprise, what we've seen also on the semiconductor side, in particular in the NAND, and how that has been going, it was more favorable to us. So that all added up to a tremendous beat for us and coming out with the revenue number that was significantly over the guidance that we had set forth.

Hamed Khorsand (Principal and Director of Research)

Okay, then if you go into 2026 you've announced Microsoft. That's obviously a great big name, but is that going to be material for you in 2026? Is it going to be cash-driven, or is there minimum guarantees? You know, could you rank that as to how big that opportunity is for you?

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

I'll take it first, Hamed, and then let Keith add anything. You know, it's a great deal for us. We're very pleased with getting Microsoft done, especially so early in the year. You know, as I mentioned, at the end of 2025, when we talked in November, you know, we had a lot of opportunities that we were chasing, you know, and a lot of significant opportunities. Certainly, we've been able to execute on some of them here early in 2026, that we're very pleased with, Microsoft being one of those.

We can't get into the specifics, obviously, of the economics, but it's structured like many of our other paid TV, non-paid TV deals, I should say. That's what I would describe, highlight for you, and there'll be a significant customer for us.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Okay. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Once again, if you have a question, it is star one on your telephone keypad. Your next question comes from Matthew Glinko with Maxim Group. Your line is open.

Matthew Galinko (SVP and Senior Equity Research Analyst - Technology and Special Situations)

Hi, thank you for taking my questions. I think, Keith, you mentioned, and I didn't do the math, but 55% EBITDA margin and compliant and guidance. If that's correct, it seems like a step down from the last couple of years. I was hoping you could maybe just go into the assumptions there of why we'd be seeing compression off, you know, what seems like a pretty strong revenue guide. Thanks.

Keith Jones (CFO)

Yeah, Matt, I think the one thing that I would point to, our business, if we take a look at our, our operating expenses of research and development and SG&A, you heard me talk about that we're gonna grow that at, at single digits in rates. That's pretty consistent that we've done for the last several years. The one thing that is different is Paul and I have talked about this going back to 2022, is that traditionally, when we took a look at that legal expense for 2022, 2023 and 2024, it was historically low. That was something that was an anomaly, and that's something that we didn't expect.

When Paul and I always took a look at the business, and we said, if we look at history and what does it take to run our business and being kind of who we are and what we need to do to ensure that we defend our IP, we had always thought that litigation expense should be in the 20s, and that's something that we always talked with you about and talked with others. With that being said, in 2025, you saw that we spent about $25 million in litigation expense, and that's something we always alluded to.

Then in 2026, you eard Paul talk about, or you heard me talk about that our litigation expense will increase, I would say it increase anywhere between $5 million to $10 million above that $25 amount. Let's just talk about why that's important, and Paul alluded to it. We take our IP very seriously, and we wanna defend our IP as much as our customers wanna defend their own products and services. What we find is that we have a lot of great adoption of our technology in the marketplace, and we wanna make sure that we're properly compensated for that. In some instances, that might involve litigation. It's a matter of being prepared more than anything else, and we, as Paul said, we saw some great benefits of that.

That incremental spend, quite frankly, is changing the margin from, be it low 60% to that 55% in its entirety. Hopefully, that gives you a little bit more color.

Matthew Galinko (SVP and Senior Equity Research Analyst - Technology and Special Situations)

Sure, it does. Maybe just as a follow-up that I think Paul might have referenced the long-term goal of $500 million of annual revenue, and again, correct me if I got that wrong. Maybe if we sort of take that number and think about what the litigation expense might be to get there, is that $30 million, $40 million, the right kind of level, or do you kind of need to keep, you know, pushing that up a little bit to drive revenue to the long-term level? Thanks.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Matt, it's a great question, and I've been consistent in always saying we prefer getting deals done without litigation. That is our ethos that's how we approach all of our customers, is we go to great strides to avoid litigation and find a path forward that gets deals done, without it. At times, it's needed. What you've seen with Disney and even with Altice. What you're gonna see in the future is we're good at it when we need to, right? It can really drive, great results for us.

We're not afraid to file litigation when needed, to defend our IP, as Keith eloquently said earlier. That is part of that spend that's always gonna be there. I think it's always gonna be around that $25 million to $35 million from a just how we, how we think about it, how we forecast it. Are there gonna be years where it might be lower than that? Sure. Are there gonna be years where it could tick a little higher than that? Yeah, it could. For us we plan for it because it can really drive some great results.

As I look at the OTT market, though there's a couple of examples now that are really big. One, we did without litigation Amazon, great result for us. We got done at the end of 2024. One, with litigation, Disney, great result for us at the end of 2025. We can drive really great results with or without litigation, but sometimes, the customers put you in a position where you need to go down that path. At the end of the day, our IP stands up either way, and we end up I'm comfortable when we need to go down that path, even though it's not my first preference.

Matthew Galinko (SVP and Senior Equity Research Analyst - Technology and Special Situations)

Very good. Thanks.

Operator (participant)

This concludes the question and answer session. I'll turn the call to CEO, Paul Davis, for closing remarks.

Paul Davis (President and CEO)

Thank you, operator, and thanks for everyone for being with us today.

Operator (participant)

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect.