Enphase Energy - Earnings Call - Q1 2025

Executive Summary

• Q1 2025 printed revenue of $356.1M and non-GAAP diluted EPS of $0.68; both missed S&P Global consensus ($362.0M revenue, $0.72 EPS). Non-GAAP gross margin was 48.9% with IRA benefit (38.3% ex-IRA), down sequentially due to lower 45X bookings and mix. Q1 misses vs consensus marked below with S&P Global disclaimer.*
• Management guided Q2 2025 revenue to $340–$380M and signaled a new tariff headwind of ~200 bps to gross margin in Q2, stepping up to 6–8% in Q3 before mitigation fully offsets by Q2’26.
• Mix and macro: U.S. revenue fell ~13% q/q on seasonality and softer demand (partly offset by $54.3M safe harbor), while Europe rose ~7% q/q as IQ Battery 5P FlexPhase ramped; channel inventory for microinverters ticked up, expected to normalize in Q2.
• Product catalysts: ramping the fourth‑gen IQ Battery 10C, IQ Meter Collar, IQ Combiner 6C in the U.S., plus IQ EV Charger 2 and balcony solar kits in Europe; IQ9 GaN microinverters targeted for Q4 launch to open 480V 3‑phase commercial opportunity.
• Liquidity and capital return: ended Q1 with $1.53B in cash, equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities; repurchased ~$100M of stock in Q1 and retired $102.2M of 2025 converts.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• Battery momentum and Europe stabilization: IQ Battery 5P shipments expanded to 170.1 MWh (+11.6% q/q), with Europe revenue +7% q/q driven by FlexPhase ramp; more than 10,900 certified battery installers globally.
• Clear tariff mitigation plan and timeline: “We expect the gross margin impact to gradually lessen... and fully offset the impact starting in Q2 ’26,” supported by qualifying non‑China LFP cell sources and shifting raw materials out of China.
• New product wave to lower system cost and expand TAM: “Our fourth generation system… significantly simplifies backup... what once took four boxes... can now be done with just two,” and IQ9 GaN microinverters targeted for Q4 to unlock small commercial growth.

What Went Wrong

• Consensus miss and margin compression: Q1 revenue ($356.1M) and non‑GAAP EPS ($0.68) missed S&P Global consensus ($362.0M, $0.72), while non‑GAAP gross margin compressed to 48.9% (38.3% ex‑IRA) from 53.2% (39.7% ex‑IRA) in Q4.*
• U.S. demand softness and channel inventory: U.S. revenue down ~13% q/q on seasonality, high rates, and a large lease provider’s financial issues; microinverter channel inventory was “a little elevated,” expected to normalize with lower shipments and Q2 seasonality.
• Tariff headwinds on batteries: new tariffs expected to cut gross margin ~2% in Q2 and 6–8% in Q3 as pre‑tariff inventory rolls off; ENPH will absorb a “majority” near‑term while moving supply outside China.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Good day, and welcome to the Enphase Energy's First Quarter 2025 Financial Results Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on a touchstone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Please note that this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Zach Freedman. Please go ahead.

Zach Freedman (Head of Investor Relations)

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us on today's conference call to discuss Enphase Energy's first quarter 2025 results. On today's call are Badri Kothandaraman, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Mandy Yang, our Chief Financial Officer; and Raghu Belur, our Chief Products Officer. After the market closed today, Enphase issued a press release announcing the results of its first quarter ended March 31, 2025. During this conference call, Enphase management will make forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements related to our expected future financial performance, market trends, the capabilities of our technology and products, and the benefits to homeowners and installers, our operations, including manufacturing, customer service, and supply and demand, anticipated growth in existing and new markets, the timing of new product introductions, and regulatory tax, tariff, and supply chain matters.

These forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties, and our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from these expectations. For a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties, please see our most recent Form 10-K and 10-Qs filed with the SEC. We caution you not to place any undue reliance on forward-looking statements and undertake no duty or obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, or changes in expectations. Also, please note that financial measures used on this call are expressed on a non-GAAP basis unless otherwise noted and have been adjusted to exclude certain charges. We have provided a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures in our earnings release furnished with the SEC on Form 8-K, which can also be found in the investor relations section of our website.

Now, I'd like to introduce Badri Kothandaraman, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Badri?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Good afternoon, and thanks for joining us today to discuss our first quarter 2025 financial results. We reported quarterly revenue of $356.1 million, shipped approximately 1.53 million microinverters, and 170.1 megawatt-hours of batteries, and generated free cash flow of $33.8 million. Our Q1 revenue included approximately $54 million of safe harbor. As we exited Q1, our battery channel inventory was normal, while our microinverter channel inventory was a little elevated. For the first quarter, we delivered 49% gross margin, 22% operating expenses, and 27% operating income, all as a percentage of revenue on a non-GAAP basis and including the net IRA benefit. Mandy will go into our financials later in the call. Our customer service NPS held steady at 77% in Q1 as compared to 78% in Q4. The average call wait time increased slightly to three and a half minutes, largely due to the winter storms in the U.S.

We are continuing to invest in AI and machine learning to make our support experience faster, smarter, and more helpful. Let's cover operations. Our global capacity is around 7.25 million microinverters per quarter. Five million of those are in the U.S. In Q1, we shipped approximately 1.21 million microinverters from our U.S contract manufacturers, booking 45X production tax credits. Our domestically produced microinverters help residential lease/PPA providers and commercial asset owners to qualify for the 10% domestic content ITC adder. We expect to ship approximately one million microinverters from the U.S. in Q2. Q1 was our second quarter of building the IQ batteries in the U.S., using domestically manufactured microinverters, battery management systems, and packaging, while sourcing cell packs from China. We shipped 44 MWh of batteries from our Texas facility, a strong step forward as we continue scaling U.S. production. Let's cover tariffs.

The newly announced 145% tariff on products from China, along with the 10% reciprocal tariffs on imports from other countries, is expected to have minimal impact on our microinverters and accessories thanks to the excellent work our team has done to diversify the supply chain. However, our batteries will be more impacted as we currently source battery cell packs from China. These tariffs are expected to reduce our gross margin by approximately 2% in Q2 of 2025. The effect of the tariffs is limited in Q2 due to us having free tariff inventory. Starting in Q3, we anticipate a 6-8% total gross margin impact after accounting for pricing adjustments. We expect the gross margin impact to gradually lessen over the subsequent quarters as our mitigation efforts take effect. We are moving with urgency. We have already identified tangible sourcing options outside China, and we are fast-tracking the qualification.

These efforts are progressing quickly, and we expect to fully offset the impact starting in Q2 2026. As always, tariff policy remains fluid and may evolve with future government decisions. Let's come to the regions. Our U.S. and international revenue mix for Q1 was 74% and 26%, respectively. In the US, our revenue decreased 13% in Q1 compared to Q4, primarily due to seasonality and softening in customer demand, partially offset by safe harbor revenue of $54 million. The overall sell-through of our product was down 18% compared to Q4. In addition to seasonality, installation activity was negatively impacted by one of the large national lease providers facing financial challenges. The U.S. solar market remains under pressure from high interest rates, and many installers, lease providers, and distributors are navigating through a tough environment. That said, there are some encouraging signs.

In California, installers are growing more confident selling NEM 3.0 systems, supported by strong battery attach rates. At the same time, power prices continue to rise across several key regions. We are staying focused on product innovation, quality, and customer experience. Our upcoming fourth-generation battery is designed to lower total system costs for backup. Our complementary offerings like Busbar PCS and NEM expansion software help customers unlock even more value. In Europe, our revenue increased 7% in Q1 due to shipping the Flex-Phase battery in Germany as compared to the prior quarter, while our overall sell-through declined a little by about 9%. The overall business environment across the region is still challenging, but we are maintaining our discipline on controlling the channel as well as expanding our served-available market by introducing a number of new products.

I'll provide additional color on our key markets in Europe: the Netherlands, France, Germany, and U.K. In the Netherlands, the demand softens slightly in Q1 in line with typical winter seasonality. The market continues to shift from solar-only to solar-plus-battery solutions, which help avoid export penalties and enable participation in retail energy markets. We started shipping our new IQ EV charger into the region and recently introduced backup capability for our batteries, further strengthening the value proposition. In France, the market has slowed down following the recent utility rate cuts, and we expect the demand to be muted over the next two quarters. However, a significantly lower VAT is set to begin in October, which should help spark a rebound in solar. France remains a key long-term growth market for us, given our leadership position and the country's low solar penetration.

We started shipping our new IQ EV charger into France, and we also plan to introduce hot water heater compatibility in the second quarter, allowing homeowners to increase their self-consumption. We also added backup capability for our batteries, further strengthening resilience offering. In Germany, we are ramping sales of our new IQ Battery 5P with Flex-Phase and the new IQ EV charger. The typical installations are three-phase in Germany, and we are seeing a 30% backup attach for our batteries, a strong indicator of the growing demand for resilience. We are also preparing to launch our balcony solar product imminently in Germany in Q2, which expands our addressable market by approximately 400 MW annually. We believe these product introductions position us well for meaningful growth in both sell-in and sell-through over the coming quarters.

The U.K. market continues to perform well for us as we strengthen our relationships with the retail energy providers in the region. We already started shipping our newest IQ EV charger, and we plan to introduce backup capability in Q3 of this year, further expanding our energy resilience offering. We remain under-penetrated in several European countries, including Italy, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Poland, and others, and we see them as important pillars of our long-term growth strategy. Over the coming months, we plan to introduce our full product portfolio across more of Europe, including IQ microinverters, IQ battery Flex-Phase with backup, our latest and the greatest EV charger, AI-powered energy management software, and the Solar Graph installer platforms. We continue to make steady progress in other regions.

In Puerto Rico, we are seeing a very sharp rise in demand for our higher domestic content battery, driven by an increased need for resilience. In India, sales of our IQ 8-P microinverters continue to grow, and we are also shipping our batteries into the region. We are encouraged by the early signs of strong product-market fit in both the urban and rural areas. In Brazil, new fire safety recommendations such as rapid shutdown should support continuous growth of our IQ 8-P microinverters. Now, let's turn to our Q2 guidance. We expect Q2 revenue to be in the range of $340-$380 million. This includes approximately $40 million in safe harbor revenue, which we define as sales made to customers who plan to install the inventory over more than a year. We are currently about 80% booked to the midpoint of our revenue guidance.

For IQ batteries, we expect to ship between 160 and 180 MWh during the quarter. Let's talk about new products, starting with IQ batteries. Our fourth-generation IQ battery is all set to ramp up production in this quarter. This system includes the IQ Battery 10C, the IQ Combiner 6C, and the meter collar. The IQ Battery 10C delivers the same 10 KWh capacity while using 60% lesser wall space thanks to its fully integrated battery management and power conversion. When paired with the IQ Combiner and the collar, the system significantly simplifies backup, eliminating the need to relocate loads, install current transformers, or run high-current wiring. For both homeowners and installers, the improvement is substantial. What once took four boxes on the wall can now be done with just two. We have successfully completed the required meter collar testing with PG&E and four other utility companies.

We expect to begin pilots in May. We have now expanded the IQ microinverter family into 58 countries and plan to grow that number further by the year end. In Japan, we expect to begin production shipments this week through a distribution agreement with Hitotsu Corporation, one of the country's largest trading companies. Recently, Tokyo became the first Japanese city to mandate rooftop solar on new home builds. Given the typically small roof areas in Tokyo, system design can be complex, which is exactly where our Enphase IQ 8 microinverter shines, offering the flexibility and scalability needed to maximize production and reliability from every rooftop. In Q2, we plan to launch our IQ Balcony Solar product in Germany and Belgium, with additional countries in Europe and Asia to follow in 2025. The product offers a simple, efficient way for apartment dwellers to harness solar energy from their balcony.

Built on our proven AC coupled architecture, the system allows the users to plug in one to four panels directly into a standard wall outlet. We plan to offer pre-wired kits that include IQ microinverters and the Balcony Gateway, enabling fast setup and seamless monitoring through the Enphase app. In the event of a grid outage, the system also supports sunlight backup via an auxiliary socket located on the IQ Balcony Gateway product. Let's come to our IQ 8-P 3P commercial microinverter, a product that is steadily gaining traction. We have over 650 commercial sites live across the U.S., averaging about 35 kW per system, with consistent positive feedback from the field. These three-phase microinverters now ship from the U.S. with increased domestic content that help qualify for the 10% ITC adder, a meaningful advantage for commercial asset owners.

We expect the momentum to grow with the upcoming IQ 9 microinverter, which is purpose-built for 480-volt three-phase systems, unlocking even more of the commercial market. Let's talk about IQ 9. IQ 9 microinverters are powered by cutting-edge gallium nitride technology. These microinverters are engineered for the future, with support for 18 amperes DC input current, higher AC voltages, and three-phase configurations. Designed specifically for small commercial systems, IQ 9 will support 480 volts AC, the most common commercial voltage in the U.S. The first models will deliver peak output power of 427 W and 548 W, making them ideal for pairing with today's most powerful residential and commercial solar panels. IQ 9 uses GaN-based bidirectional switches that allow us to reduce conduction losses and increase power density.

While we are currently operating at similar switching frequencies to maintain compatibility with our existing transformer design, gallium nitride or GaN gives us the foundation to enable much higher frequencies and even greater efficiency in future products like IQ 10. Thanks to GaN, IQ 9 already delivers efficiencies that meet or exceed prior generations with a sleek, compact footprint. We expect to begin internal installations at Enphase facilities soon, ahead of a full production launch in Q4. On the portable power front, we began shipping the IQ PowerPack 1500 to customers in the U.S. and Canada. This compact 1.5 kWh solution brings together our core strengths in phase and above, which is advanced power electronics, battery management, and intelligent software into a smart portable product designed for home backup, travel, and emergencies. IQ PowerPack marks our entry into the portable consumer energy market.

We see this as a meaningful growth vector and plan to expand the product family in 2025 to address many more use cases and reach many more countries. Let's dive into EV charging. In late 2024, we began shipping our next-generation IQ EV charger into Europe. We are now active in 14 countries across the region. This is one of our most advanced residential chargers to date, designed to work seamlessly with the Enphase Energy system or as a high-performance standalone system. Smart features like green charging help homeowners maximize solar usage, while intelligent scheduling reduces energy costs during peak hours, delivering both sustainability and savings. We are excited to expand the availability of the IQ EV charger throughout this year into more European countries, as well as into Australia, Brazil, India, and the U.S., where we will position it as a premium feature-rich offering.

With strong early momentum, we expect continuous growth this year and beyond. Our IQ energy management software supports grid services programs, VPPs, in regulated markets like the U.S., and energy market participation in deregulated markets like Europe and Australia. In the U.S., we are active in 26 programs across key states such as California, Colorado, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Texas. These programs discharge batteries during peak demand, supporting the utilities. As electricity rates become more complex, we believe our AI-powered software differentiates us, maximizing ROI and reducing the payback period. Let's cover Solar Graph, our all-in-one installer platform. We are investing in major enhancements, including a one-click express editor for customized proposals, a GenAI-powered in-app assistant, integration with racking, and expanded CNI capabilities, all aimed at making Solar Graph even more intuitive.

The platform is now available to residential and commercial installers in the U.S., Canada, Brazil, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, and France, with plans to expand into additional countries in the coming quarters. Solar Graph continues to evolve as a strategic part of our software ecosystem, helping installers sell faster, design smarter, as well as scale efficiently. Let me conclude. While the global policy environment remains fluid, with tariffs, with interest rates, and subsidies constantly evolving, we are moving quickly to realign our supply chain to minimize downside across a range of scenarios. While we cannot control the macroeconomic conditions, we can absolutely control our response. This means doubling down on what has always made Enphase successful: relentless product innovation, world-class reliability, and exceptional customer service. Looking ahead, our strategy is clear.

We are driving revenue growth through a wave of new products, starting with our fourth-generation system, which delivers the lowest installation cost of any Enphase solar plus battery solution till date. In Europe, our SAM is expanding rapidly with the launch of our Flex-Phase battery with backup, the IQ EV Charger, and the upcoming IQ Balcony Solar kit. We are empowering installers with tools like NEM Expansion Software to expand legacy systems, Busbar PCS software to avoid main panel upgrades, and dynamic tariff optimization software in European markets to help save money for the homeowner. With our upcoming IQ9 microinverters, we expect to unlock a 10 GW opportunity in commercial solar while driving cost per watt improvement across our residential business. As the world faces rising power prices and increasing grid instability, Enphase is becoming leaner, faster, and more innovative.

We are energized by the future and firmly focused on delivering value for our customers, partners, and shareholders. With that, I will turn the call over to Mandy for her review of our financials. Mandy.

Mandy Yang (CFO)

Thanks, Badri. Good afternoon, everyone. I will provide more details related to our first quarter of 2025 financial results, as well as our business outlook for the second quarter of 2025. We have provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP to GAAP financial measures in our earnings release posted today, which can also be found in the IR section of our website. Total revenue for Q1 was $356.1 million. We shipped approximately 688.5 MW DC of microinverters and 170.1 MWh of IQ batteries in the quarter. Q1 revenue included approximately $54 million of safe harbor revenue.

In December 2024, we signed a safe harbor sales agreement for a total amount of approximately $95 million to ship in the first half of 2025. As Badri mentioned, we define safe harbor revenue as any sales made to customers who plan to install an inventory over more than a year. Non-GAAP gross margin for Q1 was 48.9%, compared to 53.2% in Q4, primarily due to lower bookings of 45X production tax credits and product mix. GAAP gross margin was 47.2% for Q1, compared to 51.8% in Q4. Non-GAAP gross margin without net IRA benefit for Q1 was 38.3%, compared to 39.7% in Q4, primarily due to product mix. GAAP and non-GAAP gross margin for Q1 included $37.9 million of net IRA benefit. Non-GAAP operating expenses were $79.4 million for Q1, compared to $83.3 million for Q4.

The decrease was the result of restructuring actions initiated in the fourth quarter of 2024. GAAP operating expenses were $136.3 million for Q1, compared to $143.5 million for Q4. GAAP operating expenses for Q1 included $50.9 million of stock-based compensation expenses, $2.9 million of amortization for acquired intangible assets, and $3.2 million of restructuring asset impairment charges. On a non-GAAP basis, income from operations for Q1 was $94.6 million, compared to $120.4 million for Q4. On a GAAP basis, income from operations was $31.9 million for Q1, compared to $54.8 million for Q4. On a non-GAAP basis, net income for Q1 was $89.2 million, compared to $125.9 million for Q4. This resulted in non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $0.68 for Q1, compared to $0.94 for Q4. GAAP net income for Q1 was $29.7 million, compared to $62.2 million for Q4.

This resulted in GAAP diluted earnings per share of $0.22 for Q1, compared to $0.45 for Q4. We exited Q1 with a total cash, cash equivalent, restricted cash, and marketable security balance of $1.53 billion, compared to $1.72 billion at the end of Q4, repaid of the entire principal amount of $102.2 million for our 2025 converts that came due on March 1. As part of our $1 billion share repurchase program authorized by our board of directors in July 2023, we repurchased 1,594,105 shares of our common stock in Q1 at an average price of $62.71 per share for a total of approximately $100 million. We have a remaining $298.7 million authorized for further share repurchases. In addition, we spent approximately $12.1 million by withholding shares to cover taxes for employee stock vesting and options in Q1 that reduced the diluted shares by 203,358 shares.

We expect to continue this anti-dilution plan. In Q1, we generated $48.4 million in cash flow from operations and $33.8 million in free cash flow, as approximately $17 million of revenue in Q1 was prepaid last quarter. Capital expenditure was $14.6 million for Q1, compared to $8.1 million for Q4. Now let's discuss our outlook for the second quarter of 2025. We expect our revenue for Q2 to be within a range of $340-$380 million, which includes shipments of 160-180 megawatt-hours of IQ batteries. The Q2 revenue outlook includes approximately $40 million from a safe harbor sales agreement signed in December 2024. We expect GAAP gross margin to be within a range of 42%-45%, including 2 percentage points of new tariff impact.

We expect non-GAAP gross margin to be within a range of 44-47% with net IRA benefit and 35-38% before net IRA benefit, including 2 percentage points of new tariff impact. Non-GAAP gross margin excludes stock-based compensation expense and acquisition-related amortization. We expect the net IRA benefit to be between $30 million and $33 million on estimated shipments of 1 million units of US-made microinverters in Q2. We expect our GAAP operating expenses to be within a range of $136 million-$140 million, including approximately $58 million estimated for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses and amortization, and restructuring asset impairment charges. We expect our non-GAAP operating expenses to be within a range of $78 million-$82 million. For the year of 2025, we expect our GAAP tax rate of 21-23% and a non-GAAP tax rate of 15-17%, including IRA benefits.

With that, I will open the line for questions.

Operator (participant)

I'll begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your touchstone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star, then two. We ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. For any additional questions, we ask that you please rejoin the queue. We will now pause for just a moment to assemble our roster. Your first question today will come from Praneeth Satish with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Praneeth Satish (Senior Stock Equity Analyst)

Thanks. Good evening. Maybe just starting with the Q2 guidance, so it includes 2 percentage points of gross margin headwind from the tariffs.

Sounds like that could go to 6-8% in Q3. It would seem as if you're not fully passing through the entire incremental tariff cost to customers. I guess maybe if you could just talk about what's driving your decision to absorb some of these costs versus passing them through, because I would imagine that many of your competitors are also sourcing battery cells from China. Maybe if you could talk through that.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah, you're right. Let me give a big picture. First of all, due to these tariffs, and that is 145% tariffs on imports from China and 10% tariff on imports from other countries. Due to that, we are glad that our microinverters and accessories aren't affected much. That's because our supply chain has done a fantastic job of global diversification. That's the first good news.

On batteries, more than 90, and I would venture to say 95% of the cells made in the world, they come from China. We are no exception. We use Chinese sources for the cell packs. We have two ways that we produce batteries. One is we make batteries overseas, the full system. The second is we get cell packs into the US, and then we make the entire system, the rest of the system inside the U.S. As you can see, when we bring it into the U.S., you have high U.S. cost of manufacturing, but you have your tariff only on the cell pack that is coming in, plus any associated raw materials that are coming in from China or the other places.

It therefore turns out for us that whether we make it domestically or whether we make it outside the U.S., our costs are becoming approximately the same. The cost impact is significant. Why did we choose? Yes, we are going to pass a portion of it, but we are going to absorb the majority of the impact. Why is because, first of all, we think we can recover this effect in a couple of quarters, in two to three quarters. That's what we mentioned. What are we doing about it? Our job number one is to get cell sources outside China qualified. That's the job number one, which we have already identified the sources. We are working in aggressive task force mode, and we expect to qualify these sources early next year.

Therefore, considering that the impact is going to be only for a couple of quarters, two to three quarters, not a couple of quarters, two to three quarters, we decided we would pass on a portion to the installers, and we would absorb the majority ourselves. Now, I said 6%-8% is the total impact in Q3. First of all, we are not going to be that much impacted beyond 2% in Q2 because we have pre-tariff inventory. From Q3 onwards, that basically goes away. We essentially are going to have an impact of about 6%-8% as a result of all of these actions. We expect that impact, the gross margin impact, to continuously improve as we go from Q3 to Q4 to Q1, and the impact to become zero in Q2.

Praneeth Satish (Senior Stock Equity Analyst)

Got it. That is very helpful.

There seems to be a bit of paralysis on the customer side as we wait for clarity around IRA. For the Q2 guide, are you accounting for any worsening of demand trends in Q2 as we wait for clarity or making any adjustments for Nova exposure in the guide? Maybe on the flip side, do you think that sell-through could accelerate in the second half once we get IRA clarity? I guess what are you hearing from your dealers on any pent-up demand? Thank you.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. I said a few things. I said my bookings right now is about 80%. The guidance that we gave, we have accommodated that bookings in place, which is actually healthy. That is the first thing. Yes, the lack of certainty is definitely a factor.

One of the large national lease providers, as you mentioned, in financial trouble is another factor. What that financial trouble causes is basically our installers have difficulty in managing their cash flow. When our installers have very difficulty in managing the cash flow, the originations suffer in Q1. Because the originations suffered, we do not see enough pull-through from the distributors to the installers. As you must imagine, life must be pretty tough for them in terms of cash flow. The good news is there are a lot of lease financiers now today compared to what there were two years ago. It is a matter of time where those installers pick up the alternate financiers and hopefully restart the business again. However, that basically created a gap in Q1. That is what we talked about. Our sell-through was a little lower than normal.

Having said that, we are entering the best seasonal part of the year. Q2 normally is the best in terms of seasonality. Q1 to Q2 is what I'm talking about. For Enphase specifically, what we have going for us, we expect to ramp our fourth-generation batteries in Q2. We expect to ship meaningful volumes in production this quarter. Basically, we expect that our cost for our backup installations will be equivalently as good as grid, almost as good as grid type. We have done a great job in gaining market share till now on our batteries supporting grid-tied installations with our third generation. This presents a huge opportunity for us to capture the backup market as well with a solution that is low cost. Earlier, we used to have a lot more components in our third-generation system for backup.

Now, those will get significantly lesser because of two things. One is we have the collar. The second is we have a 10 kWh battery now instead of a 5 kWh battery. Specifically to Enphase, we are well-positioned to capitalize on the battery market. Also, the clarity in terms of the policy will definitely give us a boost in the latter half.

Praneeth Satish (Senior Stock Equity Analyst)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Phil Shen with Roth Capital Partners. Please go ahead.

Phil Shen (Senior Research Analyst)

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. You talked earlier, Badri, about the margin trajectory as we get through even the first part of next year. Can we talk about what the revenue cadence might look like? For Q3, is $375 million on the table? Would you expect Q4 to be up quarter-over-quarter or down?

If you feel like you can share even Q1 of next year, that would be fantastic. Thanks.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Right. Phil, you know that we normally do not guide for Q3 or Q4, but we have a few vectors going for us. I just talked about the fourth-generation system. We believe that is a huge factor for Enphase. Specifically regarding the U.S., we have the IQ9 that is going to be turning on in Q4. Coming to Europe, all of the new products we have introduced, a large area of new products, which we are already seeing some good traction, namely the Flex-Phase battery, which provides three-phase backup for many countries in Europe. The Balcony Solar, which basically we are about to introduce this quarter, so it is no longer something out there. It is going to ramp in this quarter.

Balcony Solar is going to address, for example, the time in Germany alone is 400 MW. After Germany, we are going to go to Belgium and many other European countries. After that, we will go to Japan and India as well. We expect that new product to also be introduced in Q2. The next one is our IQ EV charger. The latest EV charger, we did a good job ramping up so that we can service all 14 countries in Q1. Now we have to grow from strength to strength there in terms of installer partnerships and EV charger partnerships in general through other companies there. While the policy situation, et cetera, is uncertain, Enphase is trying to control our destiny by introducing new products, by having discipline. These are the new product vectors that we are relying on for growth.

Phil Shen (Senior Research Analyst)

Okay. Thanks, Badri.

Back to margins for a bit here. You talked about, I think, the down 6-8% or 6-8% impact on Q3 margins. I think you mentioned that was the gross—sorry, the net impact. Can you share what the gross impact is on tariffs on Q3?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

No, I do not have the gross impact. All we are saying is we are passing a small amount of % increase to the customers. We are taking a number of other actions too, like for example, we do have some work that we can do on the raw materials for the batteries, moving them out of China. All of that work is going to happen. Those are what I call as improvements. A lot of vectors there, a thousand little things we are going to do in order to continuously improve our gross margin impact.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Brian Lee of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Brian Lee (VP and Clean Technology Analyst)

Hey, guys. Good afternoon. Thanks for the questions. I guess first question would just be it sounds like you're passing through a little bit of the price on the tariff impact on batteries in the back half of the year. You have been doing pretty well, 170 MWh of shipments quarter here to start the year. You have never had that kind of strength in the first half. Second half usually better. Given tariff impact, uncertainty, and maybe a little bit of price you are having to pass through, what is the view on shipment volumes for battery storage in 3Q and 4Q? Can you continue to grow into the second half? I guess that is also in the context of a new battery ramping.

Just wondering kind of what's the volume view on top of what's happening with respect to cost and margins?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yes. I mean, this is a great battery. First of all, our third-generation system was 5 kWh. Fourth-generation system is 10 kWh. We had separate battery management, separate power conversion in the third-generation system. We have combined it, and it's got a deep level of integration, a combination of power conversion as well as battery management, resulting in cost decline. We are talking about the balance of system. In the balance of system, we have eliminated what was called the system controller in the third generation. We have eliminated that box, replacing it with a small meter collar, which is trivial to install.

Bottom line, what I'm trying to tell you, Brian, is that the system cost for the Enphase install with backup is going to be significantly reduced. Yes, the battery itself might go up a little bit in pricing, but the overall system cost reduction is quite good and quite tremendous. We expect to continuously grow on batteries. We also expect to grow on batteries in Europe. For the first time, we have had three-phase backup, a full three-phase backup. That was not available so far. I told you about Germany. In Germany, the battery attach is 80-90%. Of that battery attach, how many have backup? 30% have backup. We are able to serve those 30% now. We are extending that to everywhere in Europe. We expect our batteries to significantly improve.

That is why we are taking very swift efforts to realign the supply chain to have non-China cells in our source of supply.

Brian Lee (VP and Clean Technology Analyst)

That's super helpful. Maybe just a follow-up on that, then for you, Badri. I think pre-term, if you guys were talking about doing something in the close to 35% gross margin on battery storage, if you kind of back out the 6-8 % point tariff impact in the back half here, it implies battery storage margins are going to be zero or negative, definitely negative in the U.S.. To get back to kind of that 35% level, which I think you're inferring by Q2 of 2026, how gradual is that? Is that all just going to happen in a quarter or two as you basically switch to non-China suppliers, it sounds like, over Q1 and Q2?

Is it all going to just happen in Q2? Maybe a little bit more on the cadence, please.

Thanks. Yeah. Basically, I told you about the impact in Q2 being small, which is clear. The remaining quarters left, I also told you, sorry, Q2 2026, I told you the impact is zero. We are talking about three quarters, basically. In these three quarters, the efforts we are going to be engaging are two things. One is we are going to move the cells, the source of cells, to outside China and multiple sources. That is what we are already working on. The second is any raw materials used in the batteries, which we use a lot of raw materials that are sourced from China, those also we need to move away to low tariff countries.

As you imagine, the latter activity is a continuous activity. The cell activity can turn on quickly, but that might need about three months to ramp. Basically, my guidance to you is these numbers are rough numbers. They are 6-8% impact in Q3. Every quarter, Q4 2025 should be better than Q3. Q1 2026 will be better than Q4 2025, and Q2 2026 should disappear to zero.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Mark Strouse with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Mark Strouse (Executive Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thanks very much. Badri, I just want to confirm on that last point with the battery adjusting the supply chain. The raw materials, the pack, it is still the same LFP chemistries, right? Or is there any redesign or recertification that would be needed of your product?

Would that be added on top of this timeline that you're talking about through Q2 2026?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. Good question, the whole point is to keep our LFP. We are not moving away from LFP. Also, the trick is how do we do this without redesigning everything? Right now, our plans are mainly associated with the cell. However, the normal qualifications will be required because cell is the most basic entity of the battery, and we need to make sure we do the appropriate qualifications.

Mark Strouse (Executive Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. That's great. Just kind of near term, wanted to go back to the 2Q guide. You said you're 80% booked into the midpoint of the guide. I think you mentioned this in the past. It's been closer to 85%, at least the last couple of quarters.

Just kind of your thoughts on going with that 80% number instead of 85, just kind of what gives you the confidence to go with that higher number?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. Last quarter, we reported two weeks late. That was February 4. This time, this is April 22. So we are fine. The 80% is good. We expect to be 100% booked soon.

Mark Strouse (Executive Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Colin Rusch with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Colin Rusch (Managing Director, Head of Sustainable Growth, and Resource Optimization Research)

Thanks so much, guys. Given the VPP functionality that you guys can enable as well as some of the analytics, can you talk a little bit about market share gains, how you're seeing that sales process evolve, and whether you're using prices or leverage to pick up market share a little bit here as you go forward?

Raghu Belur (Chief Products Officer)

Yeah. Hey, Colin, this is Raghu.

When you think about battery sales as well as actually EVSEs as well, it's now more than just batteries being used for providing resiliency or time of use peak shifting. What you're seeing is this new value proposition that adds on to it, which is using your batteries to provide to either participate in energy markets, in deregulated markets, or a VPP construct where the utility can use your battery and discharge it and pay you for it. At the end of the day, what that means is just improves the ROI for the homeowner and reduces the payback period. The better that you can do it is actually a value proposition. You can be better than the competition.

What I mean by that is providing very high-quality APIs for your partners and that they can then drive the battery and discharge the battery as needed, charge the battery as needed, and participate in energy markets. All of that value proposition, which is good for the homeowner, is the value proposition also that drives the adoption of your batteries. If we do it better than our competition, then clearly we gain market share. That is what we are driving towards. We see that a number of our partners buy our batteries because of our VPP and market steering capabilities.

Colin Rusch (Managing Director, Head of Sustainable Growth, and Resource Optimization Research)

That is super helpful. Just from a logistics perspective, it looks like there is going to be some disruption in and around container ships.

Can you talk a little bit about how you guys are mitigating that risk and what you're seeing in early returns on any of those elements so far?

Raghu Belur (Chief Products Officer)

Colin, can you kindly repeat that question?

Colin Rusch (Managing Director, Head of Sustainable Growth, and Resource Optimization Research)

Oh, yeah. I mean, if you're sure. I mean, just from a logistics perspective and shipping, if you're still importing from Asia on key components, what you're seeing from a logistics perspective in terms of disruption on available ships, space, getting through customs, any sort of incremental expenses that we could be thinking about, just make sure we're paying attention to all of those softer costs.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. I mean, we do already say we make, maybe all of the folks do not know on this call, 85% of our microinverters are made in the U.S. today. 85% of our global microinverter shipments are from the U.S.

Already, there is a healthy logistics stream of raw materials, et cetera, coming into the U.S. so that we can make our microinverter. We do not expect any changes to that because we have diversified that well, and we have not had any problems with logistics so far. On batteries also, 40%, I would say, let me say, we shipped 170 megawatt-hours in Q1. 44 megawatt-hours were made in Texas, approximately 25%. How that works is we ship cell packs into Texas. We make microinverters in Texas. We make battery management in Texas. We make the enclosures at another state in the U.S. We make the chassis also in a neighboring state. Therefore, what is once again important there is the raw materials for making all of those. Our supply chain is we established this over three to four quarters ago.

For us, although it is a disruption, it is not that we have to learn everything from scratch. We have already ramped up on a few areas. We expect that 44 MWh, which I said of U.S. making batteries, to keep going up as we proceed into the year.

Colin Rusch (Managing Director, Head of Sustainable Growth, and Resource Optimization Research)

Thanks, guys.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Christine Cho with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Christine Cho (Managing Director)

Good evening. Thank you for taking my question. I was wondering, could you remind us what the manufacturing plans were for Tennessee? I thought the initial rollout was going to have the U.S. inverters shipped to China and then assembled there and shipped back to the U.S. before all this tariff news, and then the domestic content version was going to come out later. First of all, is this correct?

If it is, are you changing these plans so that you're not importing the full battery into the U.S., which will be subject to a higher nominal tariff? If that's the case, does this impact the rollout of Tennessee at all if you do have to change plans?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

No, it does not rule out the impact of Tennessee. We are starting with the non-domestic version, and that is correct. The microinverters for the non-domestic version will be made in the U.S., and the rest of the battery is made outside the U.S. but being shipped in. We are quickly, in about two to three months' time, going to realign the supply chain to have the domestic content product also available for Tennessee. Right now, whatever we plan to ship in the second quarter will be the non-domestic version.

In a couple of months from then, the domestic version will be available.

Christine Cho (Managing Director)

Okay. Your guide for the 2Q quarter on top line and battery shipments are about the same as 1Q. Even if I am to add back the 2 % points of the tariff impact, it would imply your gross margins are still down about 150 basis points at the midpoint. What exactly is driving that? Even though you talk about being diversified on the supply chain for microinverters and having a lot of domestic suppliers, so maybe you might not directly be seeing tariffs, but are not your suppliers still seeing price increases on their raw materials in this inflationary environment?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

I mean, we said that the 2% increase was attributed to the tariffs for the current quarter. However, on batteries, what you said is right.

We plan to ship a smaller quantity than the usual full quarter quantity on batteries while the fourth generation battery is new. Let us say I ship, let us say I ship, and which I am not guiding to the number. Let us say I ship 30 megawatt-hours of the fourth generation battery, and that would come with a little more tariff compared to the inventory that we will have on the third generation tariff. Hence, we guided to the 2% there. That is all.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Andrew Percoco with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Andrew Percoco (Senior Equity Analyst)

Great. Thanks so much for taking our questions. I do just want to, again, come back to this battery storage concept for a second. I am just curious. You mentioned at the beginning of Q&A, I think 95% of LFP cells come from China.

Presumably, a lot of your competitors and peers are also trying to get their hands on the supply you guys are working on. Just curious how you see the cost environment for that non-China supply evolving over time and the conversations you've had with some of those suppliers. Second to that, just trying to figure out when you talk about getting to a 0% gross margin impact by the second quarter of 2026, how much of that is dependent on just completely exiting China from an LFP perspective versus taking action on price. Just trying to get a sense for breakdown there. Thank you.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. 95% of LFP cells in China, yes, that's right. Don't forget that there are some Korean suppliers who do make NMC. We have never used NMC. We've never liked NMC. That's our opinion.

LFP is what we like in terms of safety. That is the first one. The question that you asked, the biggest factor that affects the battery tariff is the cell. You cannot get away from that. If we cannot, meaning if our plans do not materialize for transferring the cells, that is a problem. We would have to look at passing more of the cost impact to our customers. Right now, the right thing to do is we get these batteries, we get the battery cells diversified out of China. We are working, we are not talking about unnamed suppliers. We are working with two great suppliers, and we have very tangible plans. We have tangible schedules.

Since the time frame we are talking about is two to three quarters, we thought the right thing to do is to basically absorb a significant fraction of it ourselves and return back to normalcy very quickly.

Andrew Percoco (Senior Equity Analyst)

Understood. Thank you for that. Maybe just to ask a higher-level question here. I know you guys do not guide beyond one quarter, but I guess how do you envision the market evolving over the balance of the year? You obviously have IRA uncertainty, which might not be resolved until 3Q, 4Q at some point. Obviously, tariffs have had an impact on recession concerns and consumer sentiment.

How do you expect the demand environment to evolve over the balance of the year, just given the level of uncertainty and the impact that that has had on broader consumer sentiment, which obviously could lead into and have an impact on market demand for residential solar? Just curious how you're thinking about that at a higher level. Thank you.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. I mean, look, Q1 is usually the seasonally worst quarter. We are past Q1. Q2, Q3, and even Q4 to an extent are normally the good seasonal quarters. We are expecting that. In addition, our value proposition, the value proposition of solar and batteries relies a lot on utility rates. It is not exactly that the utility rates are going down everywhere. They are, in fact, going up. As long as that happens, the ROI of tomorrow will be better than today.

Utility rates is an important factor. You saw what is happening to NEM 3. NEM 3, just to remind you, did away with net metering, and there is a small feed and only small export compensation. That caused the battery attach in California to go to 90%. It was a very difficult transition. We do not like how abruptly the transition was done. At the end of the day, things are looking more stable in California in terms of solar and storage with a very healthy value proposition. That healthy value proposition came from the fact that the utility rates are high. That is a factor that will always be going for us. You have the explosion in AI.

The explosion in AI, what it's going to cause is electricity; electricity supply is going to get stressed, both front of the meter as well as behind the meter. We are not here to argue which one is better. It is that what we do is behind the meter while a lot of capacity is put in place front of the meter. That got a long cycle of approvals, the front of the meter. We think in order to be balanced or in order to have proper energy security for America, we need to have a thriving behind-the-meter business in addition to front-of-the-meter. Behind the meter, we are talking about every home is a power plant, mini power plant, solar plus storage.

I think it is only a matter of time when people start seeing this and there is clarity on IRA, the ITC, and PTC. I think demand will be unlocked after that.

Your next question today will come from MaheepMandloy with Mizuho. Please go ahead.

David Benjamin (Equity Research Associate)

Hi, this is David Benjamin for Mahit. Thanks for taking our questions. Does your Q2 guide assume any negative impacts from higher tariffs on Southeast Asia modules and the impact on U.S. solar demand?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

No, we do not deal with modules from Southeast Asia.

David Benjamin (Equity Research Associate)

Okay. So you do not see any impact on overall solar demand. Another question. Overall solar demand, maybe utility scale may be impacted to an extent. We do not expect any impact on residential. Thank you. You did mention that channel inventory was slightly up. Is that in Europe or is the US..?

Does that imply any potential new destocking?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

No, the channel inventory is okay. It is up because when your sell-through goes down, the channel inventory can go slightly up out of our usual targets. Our targets are between 8-10 weeks. When your sell-through is down more than what you anticipated, that can go slightly up. The ways to recover it back are quite simple. Not ship much into the channel and then improve the sell-through in a seasonal quarter like Q2, which is bound to have more sell-through in Q2 than Q1. We believe it is a normal cycle, and we are disciplined to control the amount of material in the channel. With that discipline, it should come back quickly in bulk.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Julien Dumoulin-Smith with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Julien Dumoulin-Smith (Power, Utilities, and Clean Energy Equity Analyst)

Hey, good afternoon, team. Thank you guys very much.

Appreciate it. Maybe just follow up on the last question a little bit further. Can you talk about what you're seeing in terms of end-market demand? You talked about restocking and now destocking here and seemingly in the second quarter. What are you seeing in terms of year-over-year volumetric trends? I know you provided obviously second quarter here, but can you talk about volumetric trends writ large, A, and then B, can you talk a little bit more about safe harbor as well? It seems like you're implying that the subset amount of the $95 million is contemplated in the first half and with fairly little safe harbor contemplated in the back half. Maybe you could talk about maybe early indications on that front.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. I'll answer the second question first. Safe harbor, you're right. $54 million was in Q1. We said $40 million approximately in Q2.

Right now, we do not yet have safe harbor plans, meaning our customers have not yet asked for them. I am sure that if they want to stock due to something else, we will advise in the second quarter call. Volumetric trends. Volumetric trends is we talked about it so far. Q1 is the weakest in terms of demand. We talked about a large national leasing provider basically having some financial difficulties. Because of that, our installers have stumbling blocks, and they need to recover. They will recover by going to new financiers. In that time, the installation is stalled. That is why we saw a little bit worse sell-through from our distributors to installers in Q1. We believe that there are a lot of financiers, other financiers now who can really pick up the business.

We believe that that trend will stop and normal sell-through will take over. We expect the normal seasonality to show up from Q1 to Q2. In addition, these one-time effects will take some time to clear. As for Q3 and Q4, I talked about it at length. There is some policy clarity that has to come. For us, we are not stopping like what I said. Our fourth-generation system is we expect to ship our fourth-generation system product in the current quarter. That makes backup extremely easy and extremely cost-effective. We expect to do that. We expect to introduce IQ9 in the fourth quarter, diversifying ourselves into the 480-volt three-phase small commercial business. IQ9, by the way, will also I talked at length about the innovation with GaN.

With GaN, we are able to get our cost structure very similar to the prior generation but provide 10% more power. That means the cost per watt would be 10% down compared to our prior generation. We have all of these vectors. I talked about the utility rates going up. We expect general growth through the year, primarily due to our new products. Policy clarity will also help a little bit.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Kashy Harrison with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Kashy Harrison (Senior Research Analyst)

Hi. Good afternoon. Thank you for taking the questions. Just two quick ones for me. My first question, on the topic of GaN, are there alternative sources for gallium outside of China? Just trying to think through risk mitigation in the event that the trade war potentially gets worse before it gets better.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. We have talked at this at length with our sources. We have more than one source. All of them are comfortable that they have it covered. We are not worried about it.

Kashy Harrison (Senior Research Analyst)

Okay. My follow-up, you indicated that, excuse me, you indicated that Europe is still challenging, but your sell-through was down 9%, which does not sound that bad from a seasonality perspective. I am just curious, what are you seeing that makes you characterize the entirety of the region as challenging? Is it just France, or is there some other dynamic that we need to be thinking about? Thank you.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

No, I think we talked about that. That is the piece. The sell-through was a little down at 9%. What I said is we introduced new products into the region. That is why our numbers were up.

We talked at length about all of the initiatives in Netherlands. In Netherlands, net metering will disappear in 2027. That means all of the customers are going to be looking forward to a battery solution in order to conserve or in order to lower their electricity bill. It is a huge opportunity as well. That will become a solar plus a storage market. We are working with our installers and the retail energy providers to transition that market properly. The second one is France. We talked about the utility rate in France going down. There again, I think it is a short-term blip for a couple of quarters. We expect the VAT to be reduced there. We also expect the utility rates to go back up according to what we see in the public news available.

I think that one, what we are doing, we are constantly introducing new products. Our three-phase battery with backup, we will introduce there shortly. We have introduced our newest IQ EV charger. We are introducing hot water heater capability there. That is today. Today in France, the feed-in tariff is only EUR 0.04 per kWh When you have EUR 0.04 per kWh, it does not make sense to export energy. You would rather save energy. If I take that solar energy and I divert it, steer it towards a hot water heater, that is a much better use of the energy. That solution will be available in this current quarter. I talked about that. Germany is really where we had a nice uptick in Q1. That is because of the flex-phase battery where we introduced three-phase with backup.

What we are doing in Europe, although the market isn't terribly strong yet, our SAM has increased from strength to strength through these new products. That is why we are more positive on Europe. That is why you saw our revenue went up in Europe.

Operator (participant)

Your next question today will come from Austin Moeller with Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.

Austin Moeller (Director of Equity Research)

Hi, good afternoon. Just my first question. Given the administration's announcement of new tariffs on panels in Southeast Asia, I assume that your supply chain team is not expecting that a trade deal with China or Vietnam will benefit inverter or battery manufacturing, and you are just going to accelerate the diversification of your supply chain out of China.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yeah. I mean, that is the general plan. We are accelerating the move specifically for batteries. We have already completed for microinverters. Like what I said, microinverters and accessories, we are almost done.

That's right.

Austin Moeller (Director of Equity Research)

Okay. Just to follow up, I mean, the general assumption here is U.S. installers are advanced procuring inverters and batteries and waiting to sell product probably once interest rates go down. Do you think the persistent high interest rate level right now is limiting some of the demand from customers to install ahead of potentially the 30% investment tax credit being repealed in 2026?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yes. The high interest rate is absolutely an important factor. In the residential solar business, 60% of the business used to be loans. Now it has changed to leases. Probably 30% is still with loans. Anything you do on the interest rates there will help and will help for demand. That's right.

Austin Moeller (Director of Equity Research)

Great. Thanks for your insight.

Operator (participant)

Again, if you would like to ask a question, please press star and then one.

Your next question today will come from Joseph Osha with Guggenheim Partners. Please go ahead.

Joseph Osha (Senior Managing Director of Equity Research)

Hi everybody. Hi Badri. Thanks for taking my question. Sorry to belabor this question of cell supply, but are you saying, say a year from now, that you think you'll be able to source LFP from outside of China at the same price you can get it from inside China? Or are you saying that you're going to pay what you have to pay and pass that on to customers? I'm trying to understand what your view of this is. I mean, B, but meaning the second option that you said, but the prices of those cells aren't that high. I'm sorry, I don't follow. So you're saying that you think cells will be more expensive relative to your current arrangement?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

No. Let me tell you what.

The cell pricing, the cell pricing is affordable. Even if it, let us say, goes up by 20%, it is affordable. When you take a cell in China and you put it into a product, for example, you assemble it in any place, even outside China, even outside the U.S., you have to pay the 145% extra tariff because the cell is in China. What you could do is, again, to diversify your supply chain, you could make your cells in, let us say, Eastern Europe. You could make your cells in Eastern Europe, LFP cells. You could bring it in to the U.S. You could have a packing facility in the U.S. You could get in other raw materials into the U.S. It will be significantly cheaper to do because you no longer pay the 145%.

Even if those basic cells were 20% higher, it doesn't matter.

Joseph Osha (Senior Managing Director of Equity Research)

Okay. Clearly, it's going to be more expensive than the status quo was prior to the tariffs and when you were able to source out of China without 145%, right?

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Yes. If you want to be legally right, it is going to be expensive. Does it matter? It doesn't matter.

Joseph Osha (Senior Managing Director of Equity Research)

Okay. Thank you for clarifying.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

That's right.

Operator (participant)

This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Badri Kothandaraman with any closing remarks.

Badri Kothandaraman (President and CEO)

Thank you for joining us today and for your continued support of Enphase. We look forward to speaking with you again next quarter.

Operator (participant)

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.