Esperion Therapeutics - Earnings Call - Q1 2025

Executive Summary

• Q1 2025 revenue was $65.0M, down 53% YoY due to a one-time DSE milestone in Q1’24; excluding that, revenue grew 63% YoY. Revenue beat S&P Global consensus ($54.2M*) while EPS of -$0.21 missed consensus (-$0.15*).
• U.S. net product revenue rose 41% YoY to $34.9M; collaboration revenue was $30.1M, down 73% YoY due to the prior-year milestone but up 97% YoY ex-milestone.
• Access improved materially (30+ plans eased utilization criteria), ACC/AHA multi-society guidelines granted Level 1a recommendations for bempedoic acid in ACS, and early Q2 Rx volume was tracking ~8% above Q1, supporting momentum into Q2.
• Management reiterated FY25 OpEx guidance ($215–$235M) and highlighted non-recurring COGS adjustments in Q1 that are not expected to recur in Q2; catalysts include pediatric FH Phase 3 initiation (2025), Otsuka Japan approval/pricing expected H2 2025, and triple combo product targeting commercialization in 2027.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• U.S. net product revenue grew 41% YoY to $34.9M; total revenue grew 63% YoY excluding last year’s settlement milestone, reflecting stronger U.S. demand and partner royalties.
• Access tailwinds: more than 30 plans improved formulary positions (PA removals, electronic step edits, new additions); bempedoic acid earned Level 1a recommendations in 2025 ACC/AHA guideline for ACS.
• Management sees rising Rx momentum: “Early Q2 trends are encouraging with prescription volume currently tracking approximately 8% higher than Q1,” and reinforced field support by expanding reimbursement specialists to 15 aligned with 15 sales regions.

What Went Wrong

• Headline revenue fell 53% YoY to $65.0M due to the Q1’24 DSE settlement milestone; collaboration revenue declined 73% YoY, masking underlying growth ex-milestone (+97%).
• Net loss widened to -$40.5M with EPS -$0.21; COGS included cost adjustments that inflated Q1 costs (not expected to recur in Q2), pressuring gross margin.
• Seasonal headwinds and IRA-related Medicare Part D changes weighed on Q1 Rx trends; management and payers cited consumer confusion around out-of-pocket costs and coverage gap dynamics.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. Following the presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please be advised that today's conference call will be recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to Alina Venezia, Director of Investor Relations for Esperion Therapeutics. Please go ahead.

Alina Venezia (Head of Investor Relations)

Thank you, Operator. Good morning and welcome to Esperion's first quarter 2025 earnings conference call. With us on today's call are Sheldon Koenig, President and CEO, and Ben Halladay, CFO. Other members of the executive team will be available for Q&A following our prepared remarks. We issued a press release earlier this morning detailing the content of today's call. A copy can be found on the investor page of our website, together with a copy of the presentation that we will also be referencing. I want to remind callers that the information discussed on the call today is covered under the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. I caution listeners that management will be making forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those stated or implied by our forward-looking statements due to the risks and uncertainties associated with the business.

These forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in today's press release and in our SEC filings. The content of the conference call contains time-sensitive information that is accurate only as of the date of this live broadcast, May 6th, 2025. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this conference call and webcast. As a reminder, this conference call and webcast are being recorded and archived. We will begin the call with prepared remarks and then open the line for your questions. I now turn the call over to Sheldon.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Thank you, Alina. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Throughout the first quarter, we continued to make progress across our three pillars for growth: revenue growth, portfolio expansion, and pipeline advancement. We posted year-over-year net U.S. product sales growth, enhanced reimbursement and access efforts, introduced new marketing initiatives targeting both physicians and patients, and advanced our ACLY pipeline with our declaration of our lead indication in primary sclerosing cholangitis, known as PSC. Turning to our progress and plans moving forward with our first pillar, increasing revenue and operating profitability, let me start with the sales and marketing of our bempedoic acid products in the U.S. and global markets. We are pleased with our performance this past quarter, which, despite an overall flat lipid market in the U.S., saw green shoots of progress with significant strides in expanding our reach both domestically and internationally.

Total revenue for the first quarter 2025 grew 63% year-over-year to $65 million after adjusting for a one-time milestone received in the first quarter 2024. U.S. net product revenue grew 41% year-over-year to $34.9 million, driven by the expanded label and commercial initiatives started in 2024. First quarter 2025 script growth increased 2% sequentially compared to fourth quarter 2024. This was somewhat muted by the impact of a flat lipid lowering market in the first quarter 2025 that experienced seasonal headwinds due to changes in Medicare Part D and higher out-of-pocket costs as patients need to meet their annual insurance deductibles. In the U.S., we expanded our field reimbursement support team threefold and now have 15 seasoned payer access specialists strategically aligned with the 15 sales regions to support our growing prescriber base and educate on the favorable reimbursement landscape for our products.

Our market access team achieved a number of victories this quarter. We had more than 30 plans, including several of the nation's largest insurance, remove prior authorizations, implement electronic step edits, and include new formulary additions. These milestones highlight the strong clinical profile and competitive pricing of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET, instilling greater confidence in healthcare providers to prescribe these treatments. These achievements not only broaden access for patients but also reinforce our commitment to improving cardiovascular health on a large scale. In further support of our sales and marketing efforts, we are particularly pleased to report that NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET were recently added to the new 2025 ACC/AHA Multi-Society Guidelines for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome, or ACS.

Bempedoic acid earned level 1A recommendations, the highest level of guidance, indicating strong recommendation where benefit greatly outweighs risk for patients with ACS already on maximally tolerated statin therapy and in patients with ACS who are statin intolerant. Bempedoic acid also earned a level 2A recommendation, meaning that moderate evidence exists and a recommendation is reasonable for patients with ACS who are already on maximally tolerated statin therapy. Here again, a non-statin lipid-lowering therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of MACE. Inclusion in these guidelines allows us to more effectively market our bempedoic acid products to healthcare practitioners. Combined with expanded payer coverage, reductions in prior authorization requirements, and the available reimbursement support resources, we believe we have significantly improved the access environment for patients and physicians alike.

To better leverage this broader patient access, we recently introduced a series of payer and provider tactics that highlight the fact that up to 30% of patients are statin intolerant and showcase the evidence to demonstrate how NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET are the only approved therapies proven to reduce cardiovascular events in statin-intolerant patients. Our goal is to underscore the persistent unmet need while promoting our safe and effective therapies. As a result of our efforts, we began seeing a shift in prescribing behavior starting in March. Early Q2 trends are encouraging, with prescription volume currently tracking approximately 8% higher than Q1. We expect this growth to continue as momentum builds and patient access improves further, particularly as copay levels continue to decline.

To further support healthcare practitioners in the management of their LDL cholesterol levels, we are excited by the opportunity for the triple combination product we are developing in the U.S., as it will provide physicians with the flexibility of a suite of options that include monotherapy NEXLETOL, dual therapy NEXLIZET, and triple combination therapy bempedoic acid, ezetimibe, and either atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. We view this as a compelling opportunity to expand our role in the cardiovascular prevention market, as the published literature suggests that the triple combo products can lower LDL cholesterol in excess of 60%. This level of efficacy has the potential to rival existing injectable and emerging oral therapies, offering a valuable oral option for both patients and physicians.

We expanded our partnerships with regulatory experts and others in the field to advance this important work, with a goal to complete the clinical requirements and commercialize this triple combination in 2027. Moving on to international markets, where we and our partners are making great strides. We continue to see compelling growth from our partner Daiichi Sankyo Europe, where they are making meaningful progress expanding the use of NILEMDO and NUSTENDI to benefit patients at risk of cardiovascular disease who cannot manage their LDL cholesterol levels. In addition, we are looking ahead to an exciting year of continued growth in Europe and new product approvals and launches across a number of key geographies. Our royalty revenue from DSE increased 8% from the fourth quarter of 2024 to $10.5 million in the first quarter of 2025.

As of the end of February, approximately 472,500 patients have been treated with our therapies in Europe. The ongoing growth in these European markets gives us confidence that with our label expansion, we can build a sizable market in the U.S. In addition, the tech transfer for both NILEMDO and NUSTENDI are also progressing nicely. Our Japanese partner, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, submitted for approval of our bempedoic acid product in Japan for LDL cholesterol lowering and remains on track for approval and national health insurance pricing in the second half of 2025. The Japanese market is the world's third-largest cardiovascular prevention market, and we believe the royalties on Japanese product sales will be a meaningful revenue contributor over time. Looking to the progress we made during the first quarter 2025, we expanded the breadth of our global reach by entering commercial partnerships with CSL Seqirus in Australia and New Zealand.

As an update, Neopharm Israel filed for regulatory approval during the first quarter and expects to receive approval in early 2026. In addition, Esperion filed submissions for approval in Canada for NEXLETOL and NEXLIVET, and we anticipate market approval in the fourth quarter of 2025. Our international partnerships continue to deliver increasing royalty revenue, further demonstrating the global potential of our bempedoic acid products and supporting our strategic focus to drive revenue growth and operating profitability. Turning to advancing the pipeline pillar, we recently hosted our R&D Day in New York, where we introduced our novel program targeting PSC. PSC is a rare progressive liver disease with no approved therapies and represents a major unmet need with an estimated $1 billion annual market opportunity. This program reflects our strategy to expand into high-need, high-value indications and highlights the broader potential of ACLY biology.

The R&D Day event was very engaging and featured KOL discussions, a patient advocacy representative for the PCS community, a patient video, and an engaging Q&A session. I encourage those of you who may have missed it to listen to the archive of the event that is available on the Investor Relations section of our website. With that overview of the business, let me turn the call over to Ben for a detailed review of our financial progress during the first quarter. Ben?

Ben Halladay (CFO)

Thank you, Sheldon. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Our first quarter 2025 financial results can be found in the press release we issued this morning, and more detail will be included in our upcoming 10-Q. First quarter 2025 total revenue was $65 million, a decrease of 53%. This decrease was driven by a one-time settlement agreement milestone with DSE, which we received in the first quarter of 2024. Excluding the settlement agreement milestone, total revenue grew 63%. U.S. net product revenue was $34.9 million, compared to $24.8 million for the comparable period in 2024, an increase of approximately 41%. Q1 product revenue growth in the U.S. was impacted by several factors, including changes to Medicare Part D and patient deductible requirements. Every year during the first quarter, we experienced lower product revenue as patients fulfill their insurance deductibles, impacting branded prescription fills.

This year, with changes to the IRA and confusion around Medicare, made this season trend particularly burdensome. Despite these seasonal headwinds, we remain committed to navigating these complexities and ensuring patient access to our innovative cardiovascular health solutions. Beginning in March, we have seen a clear shift in prescribing behavior that signals a return to our typical growth trajectory. Early Q2 data shows prescription volume tracking approximately 8% above Q1 levels, and we expect this upward trend to continue. Collaboration revenue was $30.1 million, compared to $113 million for the comparable period in 2024, a decrease of approximately 73%, driven by the settlement agreement milestone with DSE, offset partially by increases to our royalty sales within our partner territories and product sales to our collaboration partners from our supply agreements. Excluding the settlement agreement milestone, collaboration revenue grew 97% from the comparable period.

Turning to the rest of the P&L, for the first quarter 2025, research and development expenses were $12.6 million, compared to $13.4 million for the comparable period in 2024, a decrease of 6%. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $43 million, compared to $42 million for the comparable period in 2024, an increase of 2%. The increase quarter-over-quarter was primarily related to increased marketing and consulting costs. We entered 2025 in a very strong financial position, with cash and cash equivalents of $114.6 million as of March 31st, 2025. We are reiterating our full-year 2025 operating expense guidance, which is expected to be approximately $215-$235 million, including $15 million in non-cash expenses related to stock compensation. With that, I will now turn the call back over to Sheldon for closing remarks. Sheldon?

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

As we conclude today's earnings call, I want to take a moment to reflect on the meaningful progress we've made and the exciting journey ahead. Our commitment to revolutionizing cardiovascular risk reduction through our innovative bempedoic acid products is unwavering. In addition, we are excited by the opportunities to leverage our leadership in ACLY biology and look forward to advancing our newly introduced pipeline as it has groundbreaking potential. Our focus on innovation, collaboration, and expansion will continue to guide us as we strive to make cardiometabolic prevention accessible to everyone, everywhere. We are confident that our strategic initiatives will propel us towards a future where millions of lives are positively impacted by our efforts. Thank you to our shareholders, partners, and team members for your steadfast support.

Your commitment to our mission inspires us every day, and we are excited to share our continued progress with you in the coming year. Together, we are making a difference, and I look forward to the incredible advancements we will achieve. Operator, we are now ready to open the call to questions.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. To ask a question, you will need to press star 11 on your telephone and wait for a name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A offer. One moment for our next first question. Our first question will come from Dennis Ding from Jefferies. Your line is open.

Dennis Ding (VP and Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, good morning. Congrats on the progress. I have two questions. One is on BD. I guess, when should we expect a new BD deal and perhaps remind us of your cash outlook for the remainder of this year if you'll have to wait for the Otsuka milestones before executing a deal? My second question is on the triple. Is that your way of playing "defense" by specifically leveraging convenience for when obicetrapib gets approved in 2027? Because from an efficacy perspective, I guess your triple gets 60%+ LDL reduction in one pill, but obicetrapib can get there or higher with two. Is that how you see the value proposition here for the triple, one versus two pills? Thank you.

Ben Halladay (CFO)

Hey, Dennis, thanks for joining. Appreciate the question. On the BD side, to answer your question, we're, you know, I think, making very good progress there. I've said before, we're not going to set a timeline just because we don't want to feel like we have to execute a deal to get a deal done. We want to wait for the right deal that makes sense for this company. I will say they are not predicated on having the Otsuka milestones in hand. Everything we've been looking at would, you know, be sort of separate from that. You know, when we see the right asset that makes sense in the commercial bag that we can put it in, then we're going to execute it and, you know, not necessarily wait around just for some other timeline here.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Thanks, Ben. Thanks, Dennis. As it relates to the triple combination, keep in mind, Dennis, and we've talked about this before, that, and there's publications that support this, the triple combination, we've seen LDL lowering in excess of 60%, actually, in some cases, up to 70%. It's definitely something, as it relates to a play of convenience, it's one pill. It also has really the potential of being the most efficacious LDL-lowering drug on the market. That's how we look at it, is it's just one pill that a patient has to take. As you know, many patients are taking sometimes six to seven medications. In this case, they would only have to take one. I'm not going to make comments compared to obicetrapib. That's a product in development.

You know, we'll just have to wait to see, you know, if that product actually comes to, you know, comes to the market. Thank you.

Dennis Ding (VP and Equity Research Analyst)

Got it. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

One moment for our next question. Our next question will come from the line of Joe Pantginis from H.C. Wainwright. Your line is open.

Joe Pantginis (Managing Director and Healthcare Analyst)

Hey, everybody. Good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. First, on the sales front, you're up to about 15 right now, as you said. Wanted to get a sense of, do you feel it's right size? Are you continuing to wait to see on the potential expansion of sales to consider, you know, expanding your sales force, number one? Then number two, I think more importantly, as you continue to talk about education around NEXLETOL, I'll provide one example, and maybe you have others as well. With regard to the education, what are you seeing with regard to any potential variability with regard to physicians defining statin intolerance? Are there any other key factors that still need to be tackled with regard to education? Thanks.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Sure. Thanks, Joe. Good morning. Let me start with the sales force. Right now, we have approximately 155 sales representatives, and we do think that is the right amount. You know, we've commented before that we have found the right balance between personal promotion and digital promotion. We do return on investment analysis on all of those. We're constantly monitoring those investments. You start off with 15, and I think what you were talking about were the 15 field reimbursement managers.

Joe Pantginis (Managing Director and Healthcare Analyst)

Right.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

That is new. They were effective on April the 1st. We have 15 sales regions across the nation, and we did have six field reimbursement managers, but we've expanded that to 15, where we have one in each sales region. We think that is going to be, and we've already seen, something that's very successful because it really helps physicians think about how they have to fill out a prior authorization. It is just another way of supporting limiting barriers to prescribing. We're excited about that. Regarding education, it's very interesting. You know, we've been very focused on statin intolerance. We have a new piece out there that our representatives are using. The National Lipid Association earlier in the year came out and actually defined that statin intolerance is about 30% of the population, three-zero.

A significant amount of folks just do not want to take a statin or cannot tolerate a statin. What we are finding is that physicians are really responding to the fact that the NLA has put out there. It is actually in our detail aid. You know, we go to physicians' offices, just to give you a real-life story, to your point, and tell them, you know, "Doctor, out of the patients that are sitting in your waiting room, I am sure that many of them cannot take a statin, or they are just tolerating taking a statin, but they really cannot take it." Here, now, this is an opportunity where you can prescribe NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET. I can tell you that message is gaining a lot of traction. The education, and we are just starting, by the way.

are some other things that we have planned that we will continue to update you through the year. But, you know, we are not only focusing on physicians, but, you know, we are also looking at ways to activate the consumer.

Ben Halladay (CFO)

Fantastic. Thanks a lot, Sheldon.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Sure. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Next question will come from the line of Jason Zemansky from Bank of America. Your line is open.

Jason Zemansky (VP of Equity Research)

Good morning. Congrats on the quarter, and thank you so much for taking our question. I wanted to ask, is the triple combination the right approach here? I ask this because, you know, on one hand, as you've just mentioned, there are patients who aren't necessarily interested in taking the statin. On the other hand, there does seem to be a growing buzz or interest in lipoprotein A and reducing that, which is, again, something that both the PCSK9s and the CETPs have had success lowering. You know, in terms of looking at the landscape down the road, where does the triple fall into place here?

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Yeah. Thanks, Jason. Yeah, we actually do think it's the right approach, you know, for the products that we have. You know, keep in mind that we also lower hsCRP, which is a marker of inflammation. We actually showed a 22% reduction in hsCRP in our endpoint in our CLEAR Outcomes study. You know, not only are we excited about this, but our partners at Daiichi Sankyo are excited about this. There's going to be more news coming as it relates to this in the fall, as we've mentioned before. As you know, with Lp(a), you know, there's a lot of science around it. I think, you know, we're still waiting to see the data. We thought we'd see some data this year. We'll see it next year. You know, I think hsCRP, Lp(a), you know, these are all important markers.

As we've mentioned in the past, you know, cardiovascular disease is the number one killer. We can do something about it today with NEXLIZET and NEXLETOL. That's what we're focused on. We're focused on getting our drugs prescribed today and next year and the year after. Triple combination, the LDL efficacy, you know, as you know, LDL efficacy is still a primary endpoint that the FDA considers for registering a drug. Yes, it's absolutely the right play. We look forward to bringing it to market.

Jason Zemansky (VP of Equity Research)

For patients who aren't interested in taking a statin, I mean, is this the option for them?

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

The nice thing now is we have, and as we said in our prepared remarks, we have a suite of alternatives, which is something that, you know, the competition doesn't have. You know, the beauty of the CLEAR Outcomes study is it gave us a label where you can take our drug with a statin, or you can take our drug without a statin. The other thing that you may recall out of the CLEAR Outcomes study is that we are the only oral and only non-statin that has both primary and secondary prevention. This allows a physician to have greater flexibility. We've done market research to support that.

Jason Zemansky (VP of Equity Research)

Got it. Thanks for the color.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Sure thing.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question will come from the line of Kristen Kluska from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is open.

Kristen Kluska (Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, good morning, everybody. As it relates to the ACC/AHA Multi-Society Guidelines, can you talk about historically how adoption may have changed based on the other therapies that have been added to these recommendations, just essentially trying to figure out how instrumental it is to physician uptake and adoption?

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Yes. Thank you, Kristen. I think right now it's a little bit too early to comment as it relates to other products. I can tell you, with us, with initial feedback, this is also something that we have included in our detailing of the product. It's kind of a one-two punch where we can talk about the NLA recommendation or the statement of statin intolerance, but we can also talk about, you know, this new guideline. I can tell you that having that message as it relates to both of those is very impactful to not only cardiologists who really follow the guidelines more so than primary care, but we are seeing that primary care physicians are also very responsive to this as well. For us, it's been, I would say, again, very early, but feedback from the field is that it's been very meaningful.

Kristen Kluska (Equity Research Analyst)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

One moment for our next question. Our next question will come from the line of Serge Belanger from Needham. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning, everyone. This is John on for Serge today. Thanks for taking our questions. I just want to touch on first seasonal market dynamics for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET. Obviously, there was a little bit of a slowdown in 1Q. You mentioned the flat lipid market, changes in Med Part D, et cetera. Just curious qualitatively whether you think this was worse this year than in years prior. Could this in any way kind of portend a bigger bounce back for 2Q?

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Yeah. Thanks, John. No doubt, this was definitely worse than years prior. Part of it was just because of the IRA, and a lot of it was new. Let me turn it over to BJ, who can also give us some more color on it.

Yeah, John. The prescription growth was impacted by, you know, a variety of the seasonal factors, which included the annual insurance deductible and the resets. There was also an added confusion also around the Inflation Reduction Act and those related adjustments. From emerging positive trends starting in March, we have observed improving trends, including reductions in patient copays, which positively influences prescription uptake. We're also seeing really great feedback and early signs from our targeted payer initiatives aimed at also increasing prescribing among previous non-writers. We're really, from an out-of-pocket perspective, we've seen this decrease and elevated levels and observed this in January and February, and really looking forward to that trend continuing.

To add just a little bit more color, BJ and team also did research, John, with Medicare providers to see, you know, what was, you know, causing this confusion and was there confusion and all the feedback. These are from all the top Medicare providers in the United States. There is confusion amongst consumers of what do they have to pay. What was their true out-of-pocket expense? At one point, you may have recalled back in January, there was rhetoric that Medicare was going to be shut down, which also created confusion. There are a lot of different dynamics, and, you know, that's what made it probably the worst that we've ever seen.

Great. Yeah. Thanks for that color. And then just quickly to touch on the triple combo, you know, do you have any timelines at this point as to when it could reach market and what any sort of regulatory framework would look like here to get it approved?

Sure. Yeah. So in our prepared remarks, you know, the timing is we'd like to see this product hit in 2027. The regulatory aspects of this is that this is just really a bioequivalence and stability. There's no clinical study that's necessary in order to get the product onto the market. I think the biggest question there is the timing, and that's 2027.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question will come from the line of Jessica Fye from JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Jessica Fye (Managing Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Hey, guys. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I was hoping you could help us think about the gross margin trajectory over the remainder of this year and the next few years. Just kind of in addition to, you know, which direction the numbers are going, kind of explain to us what's behind the evolution in gross margin as well. Thank you.

Ben Halladay (CFO)

Yeah. Hi, Jess. This is Ben. Our gross margin is largely influenced by the proportion of what sales we see between the U.S. and those tablet sales to our partners, mainly DSE, which I think we have mentioned before are at the flat to negative margin. As the tech transfer progresses, we will see those margins improve. We will also see improvement on the working capital side as we start transitioning some of that to DSE. I think that is kind of a multi-year progression. It is not going to be overnight. I will not comment. This quarter, we did have some cost adjustments in COGS, which inflated it, I would say, more so than typical. We do not expect those to recur again in Q2. You know, I think we will continue to see improving margins as the tech transfer goes on over the next, you know, year or so here.

You know, ultimately, we'll come back to what I would say are a normal pharmaceutical margin for a biotech company in this space.

Jessica Fye (Managing Director and Equity Research Analyst)

Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. I'm not showing any further questions in the queue. I'd like to turn the call back over to Sheldon for any closing remarks.

Sheldon Koenig (President and CEO)

Thank you, operator. Thank you all again for your time and attention this morning. We are looking forward to participating in the Citizens JMP Life Science Conference later this week and hope to have the opportunity to connect with many of you then. In the meantime, if you have any questions or would like to have a call with the team, just reach out to our Head of Investor Relations, Alina Venezia. Have a great day. Thank you for your support.

Operator (participant)

Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.