Empire State Realty Trust - Earnings Call - Q1 2025

Executive Summary

• ESRT’s Q1 2025 delivered Core FFO/share of $0.19 and diluted EPS of $0.05; total revenues were $180.07M. Same-store Property Cash NOI declined 1.9% YoY due to higher OpEx/taxes and lapped non-recurring revenue in Q1 2024; adjusted for non-recurring items, same-store Property Cash NOI rose 0.4%.
• Versus S&P Global consensus, Q1 revenue (~$182.26M*) and EBITDA (~$78.04M*) were modest misses; Core FFO/share (~$0.1924*) was approximately in line to slightly below actual $0.19 (minor miss). Observatory NOI was $15.0M, impacted by bad weather and the Easter shift to Q2.
• Guidance unchanged: 2025 Core FFO/share $0.86–$0.89, Observatory NOI $97–$102M, year-end commercial occupancy 89–91%, SS Property Cash NOI growth -2.0% to +1.5% (0.5–4.0% ex one-time items). Management reiterated a strong balance sheet with $0.8B liquidity and no floating-rate debt.
• Near-term stock narrative hinges on maintained outlook despite slight misses, continued positive leasing spreads (+10.4%) and expected occupancy gains by year-end; observatory demand management and cost controls remain focal levers.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• Leasing momentum and pricing power: 230,548 sq ft signed, blended Manhattan office spreads +10.4%, 15th consecutive quarter of positive spreads; average lease term 8.4 years. “Availability of high-quality ‘haves’ office space in Manhattan’s better buildings continues to shrink… we increased rents and reduced concessions”.
• Observatory revenue management: Q1 Observatory NOI $15.0M with +5.9% revenue-per-cap growth; pricing optimization, reservation-based cost controls and domestic marketing focus highlighted.
• Balance sheet resilience: $0.8B liquidity, no floating-rate debt, net debt/Adj. EBITDA 5.2x; repaid $100M notes and $120M revolver balance; $2.1M buybacks at $6.92 post quarter end.

What Went Wrong

• Topline/EBITDA shortfall vs consensus: Total revenue (~$182.26M*) vs actual $180.07M and EBITDA (~$78.04M*) vs actual ~$70.36M; observatory volumes pressured by weather and Easter timing; Core FFO/share (~$0.1924*) narrowly above actual $0.19.
• Sequential net absorption contraction and occupancy dip: Manhattan office occupancy fell to 88.1% from 89.0% in Q4, total commercial occupancy to 87.9% from 88.6%; management still expects occupancy to increase by year-end.
• Higher operating expenses: Expenses up ~5% YoY (taxes, payroll, R&M), offset partly by tenant reimbursements; same-store Property Cash NOI down 1.9% YoY due to OpEx/taxes and prior-year non-recurring revenue; +0.4% when adjusted.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Greetings and welcome to the Empire State Realty Trust's First Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Heather Houston, Senior Vice President, Chief Counsel, Corporate and Secretary. Thank you. You may begin.

Heather Houston (SVP, Chief Counsel, and Secretary)

Good afternoon. Welcome to Empire State Realty Trust's First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. In addition to the press release distributed yesterday, a quarterly supplemental package with further detail on our results and our latest investor presentation were posted in the investors' section of the company's website at esrtre.com. On today's call, management's prepared remarks and answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements as defined in applicable securities law, including those related to market conditions, property operations, capital expenditures, income expense, financial results, and proposed transactions and events. As a reminder, forward-looking statements represent management's current estimates. They are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ from those discussed today. Empire State Realty Trust assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement in the future.

We encourage listeners to review the more detailed discussions related to these forward-looking statements in the company's filings with the SEC. During today's call, we will discuss their non-GAAP financial measures, such as FFO, modified and core FFO, NOI, same-store property cash NOI, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA, which we believe are meaningful in evaluating the company's performance. The definitions and reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in the earnings release and supplemental package, each available on the company's website. Now, I will turn the call over to Tony Malkin, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

Tony Malkin (Chairman and CEO)

Thanks, Heather. Good afternoon to everyone. Yesterday, we reported ESRT's first quarter results. We started the year with solid first quarter earnings, continued leasing momentum, and observatory performance, and we reaffirm our outlook for the remainder of 2025. We are not the first reporting public company to state today's world has a wide range of potential macroeconomic outcomes, and some of those could have an adverse impact on our business. That said, as we have mentioned so many times, we do not seek to predict the weather; rather, we have an arc, and that arc allows us to remain on our front foot. ESRT receives a substantial portion of our cash flows from long-term leases, has high lease percentages, diverse income streams, a diverse tenant base, and a flexible balance sheet, and that puts us in a strong position from which to act.

The leasing environment in New York City remains active for our top-of-tier product. The haves, buildings like ours, which have been modernized, are well located near mass transit, are sustainability leaders, have great amenities, and are owned by a financially stable landlord, will outperform in any environment. In the first quarter, our leasing team put points on the board with approximately 230,000 sq ft leased, which included the successful conversion of 77,000 sq ft of previously unknown 2026 expirations into renewals. Our Manhattan office portfolio is 93% leased, and we retain our guidance and expect to have leasing and occupancy gains for the full year. We achieved our 15th consecutive year of positive New York City office mark-to-market rent spreads. We have not changed our observatory guidance for 2025.

The first quarter is our lightest quarter seasonally in the observatory and saw an abundance of visibility-impaired days concentrated over the peak holiday periods of President and Martin Luther King weekends. The observatory was resilient in the first quarter and produced NOI of $15 million. Visitation was down 4.6% year-over-year after adjustment for the shift of the Easter holiday to the second quarter. Consumer confidence, geopolitical tensions, and currency exchange rates can have an impact on tourism and consumers in the remainder of the year. That said, our Easter holiday performance was solid and will be reflected in second quarter results. We grew revenue per caps by 5.9% in the first quarter. We continue our digital marketing initiatives to enhance revenues, optimization of our pricing strategy, reservation-based cost controls, and above all, delivery to our customers of an excellent experience.

There has been a lot of discussion around tourism and the potential impact on businesses like observatory decks. Today, roughly 50% of our visitors are domestic. Our international exposure is broad-based. No one region contributes more than 10% of our total visitation. We adjust our marketing efforts to focus real-time on sourcing trends. Our observatory deck remains the leader and is named the number one attraction in the world in TripAdvisor's Traveler's Choice Awards. Our observatory has proven to be resilient over time through cycles. The maintenance of a best-in-class balance sheet allows ESRT tremendous flexibility to lease, maintain our portfolio to the highest standards, and transact opportunistically to create additional value for our shareholders. Our entire organization remains laser-focused on the company's five priorities to lease space, sell tickets to the observatory, manage our balance sheet, identify growth opportunities, and achieve our sustainability goals.

Tom, Christina, and Steve will provide more detail on our progress and outlook for the balance of 2025. Tom?

Tom Keltner (EVP Head of Leasing)

Hey, thanks, Tony, and good afternoon, everyone. We continue to build off strong momentum from 2024 and are happy to report another healthy quarter of leasing results to kick off 2025. We leased a total of 231,000 sq ft in our commercial portfolio in the first quarter, including an 11-year, 77,000 sq ft renewal lease with Garrison Lehrman at One Grand Central Place, a 10-year, 39,000 sq ft renewal and expansion lease with Workday at the Empire State Building, an 8-year, 33,000 sq ft renewal and expansion lease with Carolina Herrera at 501 Seventh Avenue, and we signed leases for 12 prebuilt office suites, which total 60,000 sq ft. In the first quarter, we signed 177,000 sq ft of renewals and 43,000 sq ft of new leases in our Manhattan office portfolio, where we have only 160,000 sq ft of remaining lease expirations to address for the balance of 2025.

Our Manhattan office portfolio stands at 93% leased compared to 94.2% last quarter. On our earnings call last quarter, we said that this would happen, as many of our known move-outs were scheduled for the beginning of the year. We have a healthy pipeline of leasing activity, and we retain our guidance that our leased and occupancy percentages will increase by year-end 2025. Our healthy pipeline includes approximately 160,000 sq ft of leases in negotiation and over a few hundred thousand sq ft of proposals exchanged with tenant prospects in various industries, including finance, professional services, TAMI, and others. This is consistent with the same time last year when we had a similar amount of new leases in negotiation and proposals issued. Our tour volume remains strong in the face of reduced availability, with no slowdown in recent weeks.

In fact, several tenants have competed for space, and we currently have leases out on four full floors. We remain on track with our full-year guidance, which contemplates an increase in our occupancy rate to between 89% and 91% by year-end. We speak consistently about haves and have-nots, and our ESRT portfolio is clearly one of the haves. There are fewer tenant options for quality buildings owned by strong landlords that offer amenities, leadership in sustainability, and convenient locations. Availability of high-quality haves' office space in Manhattan's better buildings continues to shrink. We have increased rents and reduced concessions. We just completed our 15th consecutive quarter with positive mark-to-market lease spreads in our Manhattan office portfolio. Our blended mark-to-market lease spreads increased by over 10% in the first quarter.

Our average lease duration was 8.4 years, and we have $57 million in incremental cash revenue from signed leases not commenced and free rent burnoff, as shown on page 10 of our supplemental that reflects our leasing success. Lastly, our multifamily portfolio continues to excel, benefiting from robust market fundamentals, strategic property improvements, and improved operations. The portfolio was 99% occupied and achieved 8% year-over-year rent growth in the first quarter. Thank you, and I'll turn the call over to Christina.

Christina Chiu (President)

Thanks, Tom. Before Steve covers our 2025 outlook, I'd like to set the stage with a discussion of the broader environment we operate in today and how ESRT is well-positioned to navigate through it. New York City has significantly outperformed other gateway cities in terms of vibrancy and full recovery from COVID. Within New York City, ESRT owns a high-quality portfolio that is well-diversified across sectors and sources of income that benefit from live, work, play, and visit. We are well-leased across each property type. Our New York City office assets are 93% leased, our retail is over 94% leased, and our multifamily is 99% leased. All three sectors benefit from a backdrop of very limited new supply today. This should persist for at least several years given the high and rising costs of new construction and long development timelines.

Our portfolio was built to withstand and perform in all cycles. We offer a great value proposition that targets the deepest and broadest segment of office tenant demand in Manhattan, and that should play well in the current environment. Our goal has always been to get the best deals in good times, get the deals in challenge times, and draw consistent leasing volumes through cycles. Our tenant base is well-diversified in terms of both industry type and size, and demand for our properties has been solid, as demonstrated by our leasing progress, as we have picked up nearly 600 basis points of positive lease rate absorption in our Manhattan office portfolio since the end of 2021. The supply picture is now even more favorable as replacement costs continue to increase amidst tariffs and the impact on labor from shifts in immigration policies.

While we monitor any shifts in demand, we continue to have constructive discussions with prospective tenants and build our future leasing pipeline. In times of economic uncertainty like we have today, our portfolio stands out against the competition because of the value proposition and our financial stability to ensure we will deliver on our promises, which is paramount to brokers and tenants today. Shifting to the observatory, we have always said that the observatory business is a great complement to our property portfolio business. It features low CapEx, high operating margins, and dynamic pricing with better potential to adjust with inflation. We recognize we are in a period of heightened uncertainty, and there could be headwinds in the balance of the year to the extent macro risks and geopolitical tensions result in lower economic growth and reduced tourism.

Our focus is to continue to run the operations well, cultivate our brand, control expenses, and be transparent with the market as these external factors play out. The addition of multifamily to our portfolio has been great and adds to the resiliency of ESRT's cash flows. Fundamentals remain strong. There is virtually no new supply, replacement costs remain high, and frequent rent resets relative to office allow cash flows from this segment to better adjust with inflation. We remain happy with our well-located, high-foot traffic retail portfolio that includes a balance of everyday retail and our growing street retail portfolio on North 6th Street in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, where in-place rents are well below market. Our retail portfolio is well-leased with a 6.5-year weighted average lease term. Across our retail portfolio, we have a roster of strong credit-quality tenants that are also well-positioned in an uncertain environment.

Importantly, we have a great balance sheet that enables us to weather any environment. We manage our balance sheet in a proactive manner with strong liquidity, no floating-rate debt exposure, a well-laddered debt maturity schedule, no unaddressed debt maturity until December 2026, and the lowest leverage among all New York City-focused REITs at 5.2x net debt to EBITDA as of quarter-end. During the quarter, we repaid our $100 million Series A unsecured notes and the $120 million revolving credit facility balance. Subsequent to quarter-end, we opportunistically repurchased $2.1 million of shares at an average price of $6.92 per share through April 28, 2025. We continue to consider share buybacks as part of our capital allocation strategy. That said, buybacks will be measured given the uncertain environment and our focus on operating runway and continued flexibility to be in a position to go on offense when attractive investment opportunities arise.

The transaction environment became more active at the end of 2024 through early 2025, but we will monitor how that shifts with more market uncertainty today. We continue to actively underwrite deals across three sectors in which we target: retail, multifamily, and office, with a focus on New York City. We are prepared to act when we see opportunities to enhance growth, either through expansion or further recycle of capital. I will now turn it over to Steve to discuss our first quarter results and outlook for the remainder of 2025.

Steve Horn (EVP and CFO)

Thanks, Christina. For the first quarter of 2025, we reported core FFO of $0.19 per diluted share. Same-store property cash NOI was up 0.4% when you exclude the $1.5 million of non-recurring revenue items recognized in the first quarter of 2024. Expenses were up approximately 5% year-over-year, driven by real estate taxes, payroll costs, and repair and maintenance costs. These expense increases were partially offset by higher tenant reimbursement income and growth in rental revenue driven by cash rent commencement. In our observatory business, we generated net operating income of approximately $15 million. The 7% year-over-year change is largely attributed to the shift in the Easter holiday season from the first quarter of 2024 to the second quarter of this year, as well as bad weather days this year, which were concentrated over the holiday weekends.

Now, under our outlook for 2025, we continue to guide to core FFO of $0.86-$0.89. As Tony mentioned at the top of the call, our observatory NOI guidance range of $97 million-$102 million is unchanged at this time. This NOI range assumes observatory expenses of approximately $9 million-$10 million per quarter on average. We will monitor and update our guidance as warranted. Other key assumptions are also unchanged and include adjusted same-store property cash NOI growth, excluding lease termination fees and non-recurring items, to range from up 0.5%-4%. Within this range, we expect positive cash revenue growth, which assumes commercial occupancy of 89%-91% by year-end 2025, driven by cash rent commencement and manageable lease expirations in 2025.

On the expense side, we expect an approximate 2%-4% increase in property operating expenses and real estate taxes, which will be partially offset by higher tenant reimbursement income. Operating expense and real estate taxes will fluctuate throughout the year based on the timing of our planned maintenance work, utility expense seasonality, and the timing of real estate tax abatements. In particular, we expect an increase in operating expenses in both the second and third quarter of this year due to the timing of our repair and maintenance work. Lastly, I'll cover our expectations for CapEx in 2025. Over the past few years, our CapEx has reflected TIs and leasing commissions associated with a meaningful increase in lease percentage for our portfolio to around 93% currently.

While CapEx will always fluctuate due to factors such as the pace of our leasing volume, the mix of new versus renewal versus early renewal turnkey and pre-built leasing, and the timing over which the tenant improvements are completed, we expect a decrease in 2025 second-gen CapEx relative to 2024, which takes into account the following. First, consistent level of TI spend in 2025 relative to 2024, based on strong leasing activity, which resulted in nearly 600 basis points of positive lease rate absorption in Manhattan office since the end of 2021. As a reminder, this spend is often led as we recognize the cost of the TI allowances as related work is performed to prepare space after leases are signed. Second, an expected reduction in leasing commissions relative to prior years, which we generally recognize at lease signing, as the portfolio has achieved a high lease percentage level.

Third, an expected decrease in building improvements, which were elevated over the last few years as we prepared our assets for the aforementioned strong leasing activity. The first quarter is a good go-forward run rate for building improvement spend in 2025. With that, we now turn the call back to the operator for the Q&A session. Operator?

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment, please, while we pull for your questions. Our first questions come from the line of Steve Sakwa with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your questions.

Steve Sakwa (Senior Managing Director Equities)

Yes, thanks. Good afternoon. Maybe, Tom, just maybe flush out a little bit more on the leasing side. If you think about the different types of tenants that you're talking to, financial services, law firms, maybe folks in retail, how are those conversations unfolding with the tenants in terms of their desire to move forward, maybe higher apprehension? Just is there anything you've noticed by, I guess, tenant category over the last maybe 30-60 days?

Tom Keltner (EVP Head of Leasing)

Yeah, Steve, thanks for the question. Actually, in the last 60 days, we have noticed absolutely no change in any of our lease negotiations underway with any tenant throughout our entire portfolio, and that is quite noticeable. In recent speaking with all of our leasing staff, all of our agents, there is not a single deal that has been put on hold or put on pause in the last 60 days. I think that that's quite remarkable. Our pipeline and tour volume is really strong relative to our reduced availabilities, and we have activity really with a variety of industry types: TAMI, consumer products, professional services, legal, and some finance.

Steve Sakwa (Senior Managing Director Equities)

Okay, thanks. I guess, Christina or maybe Steve on the CapEx, I mean, one of the biggest questions that we get from investors is obviously that elevated level of CapEx and how that number should trend down over the next couple of years. I know we've had some conversations, but can you just sort of help us size where you think, I know the timing of that is a little bit hard, but what do you think the right run rate would be roughly on average for the portfolio when you get to a stabilized and normalized occupancy level?

Steve Horn (EVP and CFO)

Yeah, thanks, Steve. We break it down into three categories being TI, leasing commissions, and building improvements. From a TI perspective, we mentioned we had about nearly 600 basis points of lease rate absorption in Manhattan office. We still see that spend come through. In fact, over 70% of our planned TI spend in 2025 is coming from prior leasing. We continue to see the impact of that flow through in 2025 and see some of that continue into 2026 as well. Once that flows through the portfolio, you'll see a reduction in the overall run rate from TI spend. That will have a longer tail on it, as I mentioned in my remarks.

From leasing commissions and building improvements, that's a different story because that is more aligned to now we've reached a high level of lease rate, so less leasing to be done from that perspective, and so lower leasing commissions from that. Similar to building improvements, we spent the CapEx previously to prepare for that leasing. We look at the first quarter where we had about $5 million in CapEx of building improvements. We expect that to be a good run rate going forward from there, as I mentioned, that the work was already done.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of John Kim with BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your questions.

Regan Sweeney (Equity Research Senior Associate)

Good afternoon. It's Regan Sweeney here with John. Thank you for the question. I guess just first, kind of on leasing, how is the Williamsburg leasing going? There's the progression on the one vacant unit. I saw there was a slight uptick in the lease rate and the average rent this quarter. Just wanted to dive in there?

Tom Keltner (EVP Head of Leasing)

Yeah, thank you for the question. We've got really good activity in Williamsburg, as you know, just on the one space availability of about 2,400 sq ft. The activity is coming from, I'd call it, household brand names, very recognizable brand names. You know, we're really excited about the response that we've seen in Williamsburg. We're very early in the kind of the processing there, but really excited and really pleased with our acquisition. On an overall front, we're 94% leased in our entire retail portfolio. We only have seven vacant stores throughout the entire retail portfolio, and we have four leases in negotiation. Three are new deals, and one is a renewal.

Regan Sweeney (Equity Research Senior Associate)

Great. Thank you. Just one other one, shifting to capital allocation. How do you rank the capital allocation opportunities in the market, just between acquisitions and then additional buybacks while you're currently trading at about an 11% implied cap rate?

Christina Chiu (President)

We opportunistically did some share buybacks, but as mentioned in my remarks, we'll be measured. We are balancing against an environment that's highly uncertain and definitely want to be mindful of that. Within that uncertain backdrop, there could also be more potential investment opportunities, and we want to be prepared to be able to go on offense if those opportunities arise. Of course, as we operate in the normal course of business, we want to maintain our portfolio well, pay for leasing CapEx, and have plenty of operating runway. When we think about the prioritization, it's definitely operating runway and the ability to go on offense, coupled with if there's an opportunity to do some buybacks, we'll do that along the way.

Regan Sweeney (Equity Research Senior Associate)

Do you have a?

Steve Horn (EVP and CFO)

The only thing I'll add to that is we do see opportunities out there, and as the cycle moves on, we see more. We acted in a prudent and logical way during a 10b5-1 period and acquired stock.

Regan Sweeney (Equity Research Senior Associate)

Do you have a preference over multi versus office or retail in those opportunities as they arise, or kind of just whatever comes up?

Steve Horn (EVP and CFO)

We are omnivorous opportunivores. We like multi, we like retail, we like office. It depends on basis. It depends on structure. We are open to inventive deal structures. We're open to assist lenders with working out assets, to commit new capital to work out assets. Really, we just try to be a good, disciplined, local sharpshooter and do what will deliver the best result for our stakeholders.

Regan Sweeney (Equity Research Senior Associate)

Great. I appreciate it. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Blaine Heck with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your questions.

Blaine Heck (Executive Director, Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thanks. Good afternoon. Just following up on that last question, you guys have previously commented on looking for some higher-yielding investments in the near term following the multifamily and retail deals, which were more core opportunities. I'd assume you'd kind of need to look to office for those higher yields. I was hoping you could talk about the ideal kind of investment profile, if there is one, whether it's a core opportunity that may just be mispriced for one reason or the other, or something with lease-up needs or renovation needs, even conversion opportunities. I guess I'm just wondering how far out on the risk spectrum you would go on an office investment in the current environment.

Tony Malkin (Chairman and CEO)

Tony here, and then open up to any comment from anybody else in the room. We define risk, we think, in a way different from the way others do because we have unique capabilities to redevelop assets. We are in the market with a unique component of the market, our top-of-tier older properties, modernized, amenitized, energy-efficient, and good environments with the right floor plate sizes. I think a lot of people might look at investment and activity and office like that and say, "Wow, that is a really risky thing to do," whereas for us, we think it's very de-risked. Our view on risks has more to do with for what do we try to solve. When we put up fresh dollars, we try to solve for a better return. We also look to solve, when you mentioned those core acquisitions, for 1031s.

That is a different appetite for a different type of transaction where the risk is in the execution itself, and we do not want necessarily to take on additional risk on top of that. From our perspective, absent 1031s, we do look for better opportunities for returns in areas that other people might think are riskier to undertake. For us, we think with our capabilities and experience and presence in the market are de-risked. We also will look at opportunities where we can combine our assets and resources with other people's resources. That is another way in which we might approach the delivery of a good hurdle return for ourselves as we look at how we want to go forward.

Blaine Heck (Executive Director, Senior Equity Research Analyst)

All right. Very helpful commentary there. Just shifting to the observatory, Tony, you touched on this, but clearly some headlines are suggesting the weakness in the stock market combined with the rising political tensions could impact tourism. I am wondering first whether you even agree with that assessment and whether you're seeing any of that decline in tourism today. Second, what specific steps out of all of those that you covered in the prepared remarks, what levers you think you can pull that are going to be most effective in kind of overcoming any softness in volume and still achieving that guidance target?

Tony Malkin (Chairman and CEO)

We look to operate in a very disciplined way on the observatory. We have not detected any significant shifts in demand that we cannot ascribe to logical events like really bad weather over key periods during what is a very light quarter for us, typically, that first quarter, particularly with Easter not present. We really hesitate to extrapolate too much from bad weather impacting our highest volume periods in a low volume period for the year. With that said, with all that noise in the data, we fall back on, "All right, how do we do over Easter? Solid. What are our opportunities given the mix? Direct more marketing towards our domestic customers, potential customers, more in-market activity? What do we do as far as cost controls? Will we operate by our reservations model? We know when people come through and we control our costs.

Outside of that, do we think that there's opportunity for change in the world out there based on macro factors? We are in a pretty unique environment right now. Historically, as you look at our investor presentation through depressions, wars, all sorts of new attractions, we performed very well. I think everyone can agree that we are in a unique set of circumstances, and we just recognize that could have an impact, and we do not feel like now is the time for us to call it.

Blaine Heck (Executive Director, Senior Equity Research Analyst)

Great. Thanks, Tony.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Seth Berger with Citi. Please proceed with your questions.

Seth Bergey (Senior Research Associate)

Hi, good morning or good afternoon, rather. Thanks for taking my question. I just know there's an article that New York is considering raising payroll taxes to cover some of the MTA budgets. How do you guys kind of think about the impact of something like that or any other policy changes on demand for New York?

Tony Malkin (Chairman and CEO)

Next to Toronto, as was recently published, I think, in an article in the Wall Street Journal, New York City was the largest population growth over the prior 12 months in North America as far as inbound population growth. That's the article I'll cite. New York City is the number one target and destination for college graduates. New York City is the number one destination for desks for major TAMI companies with a presence in New York City, meaning given a choice of where they'd like to be, this is the number one destination. New York City is the best-performing CBD of any in the United States right now as far as performance relative to recovery from COVID. We no longer talk about, "Is it back to work in the office or not?" It just is back to work in the office.

We look at all that and we say, "We're hopeful that the political powers that be recognize that what they do has impacts potentially on how things happen." That said, New York City is in demand. We're very happy we're here. As I've said so many times on these calls, I'm very happy that my ancestors didn't have enough money to move any further than the Lower East Side when they got to the United States.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Dylan Burzinski with Green Street. Please proceed with your questions.

Dylan Burzinski (Senior Analyst, Equity Research)

Thanks for taking the question. I think earlier this year, you guys mentioned taking your final suburban asset to market. Is that still the case? If so, have you seen any sort of disruption from that process associated with some of the volatility in capital markets?

Tony Malkin (Chairman and CEO)

We're in the market. It's been broadly marketed, and the process to date is equal to other processes we've entered into out in the suburbs.

Dylan Burzinski (Senior Analyst, Equity Research)

Great. Maybe if you can touch on sort of net effective rents. Obviously, the portfolio is well leased today. You guys talked about not seeing any disruption in terms of the level or depth of tenant demand over the last several weeks, call it, since Liberation Day. Are you starting to see any hesitation on being able to push net effective rents as you guys continue to lease up the portfolio?

Tom Keltner (EVP Head of Leasing)

Sure. It's a great question, but let me give the backdrop of what we're seeing is that the availability of high-quality office space in Manhattan's better buildings continues to shrink. There are simply fewer options for tenants in better buildings that are modernized with turnkey space amenities with good landlords. In the face of that, we increased our asking rents. We increased our rents last quarter. We increased our rents at the start of the year, and we just recently went through another round of increased rents just as late as yesterday. We have reduced our free rent concessions where we used to see maybe a year ago a month-per-year lease term. We saw that decline, and we've seen that steadily decline over the last five quarters. Look, we're pushing rents across the portfolio.

We have tower floors at Empire and One Grand Central Place where we're achieving rents in the mid to high $80s per sq ft. Overall, we're seeing less resistance on price, free rent, and term.

Dylan Burzinski (Senior Analyst, Equity Research)

Great. Appreciate that, Keltner. Thank you.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We have reached the end of our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the floor back over to Tony Malkin for any closing remarks.

Tony Malkin (Chairman and CEO)

ESRT remains focused on our five priorities: lease space, sell tickets to the observatory, manage the balance sheet, identify growth opportunities, and achieve our sustainability goals, all for the purpose to create shareholder value. We will continue to take advantage of opportunities as they arise and are confident in our ability to execute and drive further value for shareholders going forward. We thank you all for your participation in today's call. We look forward to the chance to meet with many of you at non-deal road shows, conferences, and property tours in the months ahead. The team here is front-footed and feels good onward and upward.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. That does conclude today's teleconference. We appreciate your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Enjoy the rest of your day.