Alphabet - Earnings Call - Q1 2012
April 12, 2012
Transcript
Operator (participant)
Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Google Inc. First Quarter 2012 Earnings Conference Call. Today's call is being recorded. At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to your host, Director of Investor Relations, Ms. Jane Penner. Please go ahead, ma'am.
Jane Penner (Director of Investor Relations)
Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to today's First Quarter 2012 Earnings Conference Call. With us are Larry Page, Chief Executive Officer; David Drummond, Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer; Patrick Pichette, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Nikesh Arora, Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer. Also, as you know, we distribute our earnings release through our Investor Relations website located at investor.google.com. Please refer to our IR website for our earnings releases, as well as the supplementary slides that accompany the call. This call is also being webcast from investor.google.com. A replay of the call will be available on our website in a few hours. Now, let me quickly cover the safe harbor.
Some of the statements that we make today may be considered forward-looking, including statements regarding Google's future investments, our long-term growth and innovation, the expected performance of our business, and our expected level of capital expenditures. These statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Please note that these forward-looking statements reflect our opinions only as of the date of this presentation, and we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. Please refer to our SEC filings for a more detailed description of the risk factors that may affect our results.
Please note that certain financial measures that we use on this call, such as operating income and operating margin, are expressed on a non-GAAP basis and have been adjusted to exclude charges related to stock-based compensation. We have also adjusted our net cash provided by operating activities to remove capital expenditures, which we refer to as free cash flow. Our GAAP results and reconciliations of non-GAAP to GAAP measures can be found in our earnings press release. With that, I will now turn the call over to Larry.
Larry Page (CEO)
Thank you. Hi, everyone, and thanks for joining the call today. It's great to be here with all of you. I'll talk about our new class of stock at the end of my remarks, but first, I want to focus on our performance. We had a very strong quarter, with revenue up 24% year-on-year at $10.6 billion. Since becoming CEO again last April, I've pushed hard to increase our velocity, improve our execution, and focus on the big bets that will make a difference in the world. Google is a large company now, but we'll achieve more and do it faster if we approach life with the passion and the soul of a startup. This has involved a lot of cleanup. We've given many of our products, including Search, a visual refresh, so they now have a more consistent look and feel.
We've closed or combined over 30 products. We have so many opportunities that, without hard choices, we end up spreading ourselves too thin and don't have the impact that we strive for. Creating a simpler, more intuitive user experience across Google has been another important focus. I've always believed that technology should do the hard work: logistics, scheduling, and communications, so users can get on with what makes them happiest: life. Our products work seamlessly together, so people don't have to navigate Google to get stuff done. Chrome for Android, which launched this quarter, is a great example of this kind of simplicity we're shooting for. It has made switching between devices painless. All of your tabs are there across your desktop and Android. You can even click the back button on a different device, and it just works. Just try it out. It's a great experience.
It's the same with Google Play, which we also shipped this quarter. You can now access all your movies, your books, apps, and games from the web or from your Android device. No cables, downloading, or syncing required. We spent years working with partners to get all of this great content, so it's really exciting to see it brought together in a beautifully simple way that people can enjoy. Now, Google+ is truly at the heart of our efforts to create a simpler, more intuitive experience for all of our users. You should think of it in two parts. One is just our social spine. Once you're logged in and have upgraded to Google+, you're just using one Google, not a series of disconnected products. It's still early days, but with over 120 Google+ integrations to date, we're on the right track. Your user experience on Google just gets better.
You can see friends' recommendations when you're using Google Play, and you don't think about that as Google+, but it just comes from that infrastructure. We're seeing a positive impact all across the web. Google users can now recommend search results they like, a goal we've had ever since we started the company. The other part is the social destination, which is accessed on your mobile client or on plus.google.com. This social destination part grew from a base of zero, not starting with all Google usage, like the part I was previously talking about, and is growing quickly. In fact, we see impressive engagement and fast growth here. It's just not all of Google. We are starting up a new community. We're excited about the amazing speed with which some people have amassed over 1 million followers, and I've just been lucky enough to pass 2 million.
I get high-quality feedback on the public posts I make, which I really enjoy. Every day, we make Google+ better. Just yesterday, we took another big step forward with a beautiful new UI for Google+. The new customizable navigation ribbon in that redesign makes it much easier to access your favorite apps. There's better discoverability for Hangouts, and you'll love the larger images that you see across that interface. Last time, there was a bit of confusion over the metrics I gave about Google+, so I want to be clear about these two parts of Google+ and the fact that we have made great progress on both parts. As you would expect, the social spine is proportional to Google and all of the usage across Google. Google's pretty big. Well over 170 million people have now upgraded to Google+.
To summarize, there are two parts to the Google+ experience: the part that is the social spine and the other part that's the social destination part of Google+ explicitly. Both of these are growing fast, but the social destination part of Google+ is growing as a new product with very healthy growth. I'm also excited by our big bets. We have some amazing new products that were seen as crazy when we launched them, but now have phenomenal usage. They can easily pass the toothbrush test. They're important enough that millions of people use them at least once or twice a day. Chrome has over 200 million users. Our display business has reached an annualized run rate of over $5 billion, and 850,000 Android devices are activated every day. YouTube just keeps on growing. The usage is staggering, even by Google's standard.
Over 800 million monthly users upload over an hour of video per second. I'm incredibly proud of these achievements. They wouldn't have been possible without an amazing team of Googlers and the long-term focus with which we are able to run the company, which brings me to this afternoon's announcement about our stock. Throughout our evolution from being a privately held startup to a large publicly listed company, we have managed Google for the long term and enjoyed tremendous success as a result, especially since our IPO in 2004. The founders, Sergey and I, really hoped that we did not expect that Google would have such significant impact, and that this progress has made us even more impatient to do important things that matter in the world.
Our enduring love for Google comes from a strong desire to create technology products that enrich millions of people's lives in deep and meaningful ways. To fulfill these dreams, we need to ensure that Google remains a successful, growing business that can generate significant returns for everyone involved. When we went public in 2004, we established some clear, well-publicized expectations for investors around our governance. We wrote a couple of things in our original founders' letter I just want to read here. New investors will fully share in Google's long-term economic future and will have little ability to influence its strategic decisions through their voting rights. We are creating a new corporate structure that is designed for stability over the long-time horizons. By investing in Google, you're placing an unusual long-term bet on the team, especially Sergey and me.
I wanted to quote all that because these are the clear, well-publicized expectations we established for investors. While this decision was controversial at the time, we believe with hindsight, it was absolutely the right thing to do. Eight years later, these statements are still remarkably accurate, and everyone involved has realized tremendous benefits. Given Google's success, it's unsurprising this type of dual-class governance structure is now somewhat standard among newer technology companies. In our experience, success is more likely if you concentrate on the long term. Technology products often require significant investment over many years to fulfill their potential. For example, it took three years just to ship our first Android handset, and then another three years on top of that before the operating system truly reached critical mass. These kinds of investments are not for the faint-hearted.
Long-term product investments like Chrome and YouTube, which now enjoy phenomenal usage, were made with a significant degree of independence. However, day-to-day dilution from routine equity-based employee compensation and other possible dilutions, such as stock-based acquisitions, will likely undermine this dual-class structure and our aspirations for Google over the very long term. We have put our hearts into Google and hope to do so for many years to come, so we want to ensure that our corporate structure can sustain these efforts and our desire to improve the world. Today, we announced plans to create a new class of non-voting capital stock. These shares will be distributed via stock dividend to all existing stockholders.
The owner of each existing share will receive one new share of the non-voting stock, giving investors twice the number of shares they had before, effectively a two-for-one stock split, something many of our investors have long asked us for. These non-voting shares will be available for corporate uses, like equity-based employee compensation that might otherwise dilute our governance structure. In November 2009, Sergey and I published plans to sell a modest % of our overall stock, ending in 2015. We're currently halfway through those plans, and we don't expect any changes to that, certainly not as the result of this new potential class. We both remain very much committed to Google for the long term. It's important to bear in mind that this proposal will only have an effect on governance over the very long term. In fact, there's no particular urgency to make these changes now.
We don't have an unusually big acquisition planned, in case you were wondering. Investors and others have always taken a big bet on Sergey and me, and that bet will likely last longer as a result of these changes. We are honored that so many of you have put your trust in us, and we recognize the tremendous responsibility that rests on our shoulders. We think this is a good thing because users rely on Google to produce and operate amazing technology products and to safely and responsibly store their data. That is our passion. Thank you very much, and I'll now hand over to David to explain some of the more technical aspects of this proposal.
David Drummond (Senior VP of Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer)
Thanks, Larry. First of all, I wanted to say that we'll be filing a proxy statement soon, which will have more details about today's proposal. For now, I want to give a few broad strokes. First off, as Larry said, what we announced today is basically a two-for-one stock split, and here's how it works. What we're doing is creating a new class of stock, Class C. That new stock will have equivalent rights to our existing Class A and Class B stock, except it'll have no voting rights. It will also be issued through a stock dividend on all Class A and Class B shares. After the dividend, a stockholder who currently owns one share of Class A common stock with a single vote will continue to own that share, plus one share of Class C capital stock that does not have a vote.
Our existing Class A shares will continue to trade as they do now, and the new Class C shares will also be listed. Stockholders will be able to trade those shares, the Class C, just as they can with the Class A shares today. One thing to emphasize, because all stockholders will be treated equally and will receive one share of Class C for every share they now hold, everyone, including Larry, Sergey, and Eric, will retain the same voting interest they had immediately prior to the dividend. It's also important to note that as part of this, Larry, Sergey, and Eric have all agreed to subject their shares to a transfer restriction agreement. This agreement maintains the same link between their voting and economic interests that exist today.
If any of Larry, Sergey, or Eric sell or transfer their non-voting Class C shares, there's a stapling provision in the agreement that requires them to either sell an equal number of Class B shares or convert an equal number of Class B shares into Class A shares. The stapling requirement will end when their ownership levels fall below certain thresholds. The basic thing to understand here is that the stapling provision is designed so that subject to these thresholds, the votes held by the founders and Eric will be reduced proportionally as their economic interest in the company declines. A word about the process we used. Our Board of Directors carefully considered this proposal to create a new class of stock before reaching a decision. The process the Board followed was robust, and the deliberations were extensive.
Back in January 2011, the board established a special committee comprised of independent non-management board members to consider this new class of stock or other alternatives. The committee met on numerous occasions over the 15 months that the special committee considered the proposal, and that was separately from the board. The committee recommended, and the board unanimously approved today's proposal. In terms of next steps, the proposal's subject to the approval of a majority of the voting power of Google's common stock, and they'll vote together as a class. That will happen at our annual meeting on June 21st of this year. Given that Larry, Sergey, and Eric control the majority of voting power and support the proposal, we expect it to pass. Following that, the board will set a record date for the dividend and move the process forward.
For more detail on the proposal, you can find the founders' letter that Larry and Sergey issued this morning, as well as a postscript from me on our Investor Relations site. Next week, we'll file a preliminary proxy statement with the SEC, which will have even more details about today's proposal. I'll turn it over to Patrick to talk about the quarter.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thank you, David. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Closing this first year with Larry leading Google as CEO, all of us at Google feel a renewed sense of velocity, focus, and optimism. Our Q1 operating, but also financial results, are a good reflection of this spirit. Let's jump right into the financials. Our gross revenue grew 24% year-over-year to $10.6 billion, 1% quarter-over-quarter. Our Google websites also grew revenue with 24% to $7.3 billion, with strength across most major geographies and verticals. Google's network revenue was up 20% year-over-year to $2.9 billion, 1% quarter-over-quarter. Network revenue was still negatively impacted by the search quality changes we began to make a year ago in late February, otherwise known as Panda. Other revenue was up 56% year-over-year to $420 million and 2% quarter-over-quarter.
Our aggregate paid-click growth was very strong, just shy of 40%, up 39% year-over-year, and up 7% quarter-over-quarter. Aggregate cost per click growth was down 12% and down 6% quarter-over-quarter. Given the recent trends in CPCs and clicks, allow me to spend a bit of time today addressing this. The most important thing for you to understand is that our business is healthy. We believe that shifts in CPC and paid clicks, taken independently, really do not reflect the fundamental health of our business. Allow me some details on this. In general, we attribute these trends to a combination of really five core factors. Those include FX. Then there's three mixed effects. For example, the mobile versus tablet versus desktop shifts, emerging markets versus developed market shifts, and even the basics of Google.com versus our network.
Finally, ads quality changes, which is also a huge factor. As you can see, it's a complex set of dynamics with multiple variables at play. Many in the financial community have tried to isolate, or often I hear pick one of these among these factors as the primary driver for CPC or click trends. Some even say it's all about mobile. Others suggest that it indicates weakness in demand for Google advertising. On the latter point, I want to be very clear that that's not the case. One important signal we have for advertiser demand is bidding behavior. In fact, our advertisers bid continue to be very strong and are growing. The dynamics around CPCs and paid clicks are just simply very complex because of all of these big factors and change continually. Trying to pick a horse, so to speak, just doesn't make sense.
We internally track all these factors with the help of a number of statisticians, economists, and engineers who dig into all these details on an ongoing basis. We won't go into that level of detail every quarter. The key thing to understand is that we believe that shifts in CPC or paid clicks, taken independently, simply don't reflect the fundamental health of our business, which we believe is actually very healthy. If anything, the recent lower CPCs present a great opportunity for advertisers to get an even better return on their ad spend. Lower cost, better ROI attract advertisers, and thus, this is good for Google for the long term as well. Enough said on CPCs and paid clicks. Let's just turn to geographic performance. The U.S., U.K., and the rest of the world are growing still at a good pace, as reflected in our results.
In our earnings slides, which you'll find on our Investor Relations website, you'll see that we've broken down our revenue by U.S., U.K., and the rest of the world to show the impact of FX and the benefits from our hedging programs. Please refer to those slides for the exact calculations. Our revenue in the U.S. was up 22% year-over-year to $4.9 billion. Our non-U.S. revenue accounted for 54% of our total revenue, or $5.8 billion, up 26% year-over-year, which includes a modest $37 million benefit from our hedging program. The U.K. was up 19% year-over-year to $1.2 billion. Let me now turn to expenses. Our traffic acquisition costs were $2.5 billion, or 24.5% of total advertising revenue. Our other cost of revenue was $1.2 billion, excluding stock-based compensation of $74 million. Finally, operating expenses, excluding SBC again, totaled $3 billion.
SBC totaled $482 million for the quarter. The increase year-over-year in OpEx was primarily due to payroll, increased advertising and promotional spend, and professional services. As a result of all this, our non-GAAP operating profit was $3.9 billion for Q1, resulting in a non-GAAP operating margin slightly above 37%. These robust margins give us the confidence to continue to fully fund these strategic growth areas, such as mobile, Android, YouTube, Chrome, all of the areas that Larry talked about. Nikesh will go into more details of these initiatives in a minute. Turning to headcount, which was approximately 610 for the quarter, and we ended up the quarter with roughly 33,077 employees full time. Our effective tax rate was lower this quarter, 18%. This reflects the mix of earnings between domestic and international subsidiaries and hedges, and also some capital gains offset by carried-over capital losses.
Let me turn to cash, cash management. Other OI&E, so other income and expenses, was $156 million for the quarter, positive. It reflects a higher realized gain on our investments, offset somewhat by lower interest income and by the impact of our FAS 133 expenses from our hedging program. For more details on OI&E, once again, I refer you to the slides that accompany us on our IR website. Operating cash flow was very strong, $3.7 billion. CapEx for the quarter was $607 million versus last quarter at $951 million. The majority of our CapEx spend was related to production equipment this quarter, as well as data center operations and facilities. As a reminder, we will continue to make significant CapEx investments, and these have shown to be lumpy from quarter to quarter, mostly depending on when we're able to make these investments.
In total, very pleased with our free cash flow, $3.1 billion. Let me close with my usual reminder that our revenues typically exhibit seasonality in the first half of the year, while our expenses do less so. It's just a forewarning for everybody who's kind of tuning their models. I'll hand off now to Nikesh, who will cover in more detail our business performance in the quarter. Additionally, since Susan, who's typically on the call, is on a well-deserved spring break with her family this week, Nikesh will also cover some of the product highlights, primarily in ads. With this, I'll turn it over to Nikesh.
Nikesh Arora (Senior VP and Chief Business Officer)
Thank you, Patrick. I will now give you an update on our business activities. As Larry and Patrick have mentioned, we had another quarter of excellent performance, resulting in $10.6 billion of revenue this quarter. Our results are actually reflective of three major trends that are happening in the online advertising space. Let me just touch upon those. First, we're seeing a big move to solutions. Our clients and partners, more and more, want complete solutions that work across all screens: desktop, mobile, tablet, and in the future, television. They also work with all kinds of formats, whether they're search, display, or video ads, rather than having individual solutions for different devices and formats. We're driving our teams to sell solutions across the entire marketing funnel, from building brand awareness to conversions.
We are converging our teams of over 8,000 people to selling these complete solutions in 60 countries, making us one of the largest online solutions players. Secondly, the big trend is we're seeing a breakthrough in brands. More than at any point in the last decade of online advertising, we're at a point where major brand advertisers, from movie studios to CPG companies, are finally looking to digital media as a central part of their marketing efforts. We are making huge progress. YouTube has gone from an interesting ad buy to a key buy for brands. In May, we'll be hosting our first Upfront for brands and agencies, showcasing the latest channel content and opportunities for marketeers, something television has been doing forever. We will do that for YouTube in New York. Third, we're beginning to see a trend on cross-media measurement.
Search advertising has always been highly measurable, and we have been leading the industry in extending the measurability, not only in search, but in display, mobile, and live video. We are actually taking that one step further and trying to move that measurability into offline sales. Our experience is that businesses may allocate experimental budgets to new areas, but they invest serious money only when they can measure the results. We are rolling out best-of-breed measurement technologies so all clients can measure their ROI, whether their goals are online conversions, brand lifts, or just the ability to compare offline and online media. Let's talk about some specific product areas. Search. Our desktop search business has maintained robust growth with strong traction with our top partners around the world, even in the face of economic uncertainties that we've been noticing in Europe.
I think search advertising has broken through that sound barrier of being an online channel which is now finally proven to drive in-store sales. For example, we partnered with IKEA in Italy in a study showing that each click on a paid search ad generates $7.60 in revenue. That interaction with paid search in conjunction with television drives 20% of contribution to sales. There's a lot of room to improve on that, but it's a clear demonstration of how online advertising is no longer just restricted to online sales, but also having a huge impact in the offline world. Last week, we launched a range of features to improve location targeting so that marketers can reach users by zip code or have their physical location show up more prominently in their ads. In this area, I also want to highlight Google Analytics, which is an unsung hero.
Over 10 million marketers and websites globally use Google Analytics to measure the effectiveness of their online presence in real time. From large e-commerce sites to small blogs, that means that our technology is at the heart of over 10 million businesses, helping them get the most out of the web. Last quarter, we made several important improvements to Google Analytics, helping marketers to measure the impact of the traffic from across over 400 social networks. I didn't even know there were 400 social networks. Let's talk about display. On display, we saw robust revenue growth as our clients continued to see the value of integrated advertising solutions in driving business results. For example, we signed a deal with Unilever in Brazil for a campaign that ran across all Google properties, including YouTube, Search, Google Display Network, and Gmail.
We also recently partnered with leading sportswear company, Reebok, to develop a global display campaign across YouTube, mobile, YouTube, and AdMob, and mobile's YouTube as well. On the platform side in display, we continue to make progress. We are now the leading platform provider for agencies and publishers to help drive their business using display advertising. We are focused on building a unified buying and selling platform that helps them manage their advertising across all media much better than they have been able to in the past. Our great relationships with our clients are helped by rapid product development and innovation. Last quarter, we launched the Google Display Network tab in AdWords, which makes it easier for all AdWords clients to build, monitor, and refine display campaigns across millions of sites in our network. This is helping bring the world of search and display even closer.
Let's take a minute to talk about YouTube. As I mentioned, YouTube is an amazing success story. It's gone from an interesting buy to an obvious buy. Our watch page sales have accelerated, particularly in key emerging countries, but also in mature ones. Today, most of our in-stream ads on YouTube are capable via our TrueView ad format, which is fast becoming an online video standard. It's great for users, and it's great for advertisers. For example, the U.K. mobile operator O2 is actively now using YouTube to support their brand launch. They're using several YouTube products, including TrueView, YouTube Mobile. They even live-streamed their New Year's Eve concert from the O2 Arena in London globally on YouTube.
In addition to this, we're also rolling out our 100 new original channels on YouTube, featuring top talents like Jay-Z, Madonna, Tony Hawk, as well as innovative new media companies and YouTube's own successful partners. We think YouTube is fast becoming the platform for the next generation of channels, which is great because we're also seeing initial success selling the sponsorship for these channels to large advertisers such as Toyota, Unilever, and GM. This is all in anticipation of the big Upfront event coming up in May. Let's change gears and talk about mobile. Mobile is quickly becoming a backbone of many clients' overall advertising strategies and has huge headroom to grow. We continue to innovate with our product offerings with a number of new tools for advertisers. One development we're particularly excited about is our new enhanced click-to-download formats. This format in search helps marketers and developers promote apps.
These things help improve ROI. They provide users with more relevant download information about apps, such as star rankings, pricing, etc. All this happens right in the ad creative. We keep actively working to help develop the mobile ecosystem, from enabling mobile commerce to empowering local businesses. In Q1, we began to scale our GoMo campaign, which is our Go Mobile campaign. This initiative helps businesses get more and more assertive and set up great mobile websites so they can keep driving traffic to those websites and expand their businesses. We've done these efforts across the world in North and South America, in Europe, in Asia, and Africa. Moving beyond advertising, our enterprise business also saw excellent progress as large organizations and small businesses continue to see the value of Google Apps as a cost-effective and feature-rich productivity suite.
Some of our top customers to go Google in Q1 include global pharmaceutical company Roche, more than 90,000 users; the state of Colorado, which announced the intent to move 26,000 employees and users to Google; also, the universities of Pennsylvania and Rome have gone Google. Not only that, small business adoption of Google Apps is on fire, with SMB signups almost doubling in the past six months. We're happy with the business, and we're happy with the way enterprise continues to progress. Let me go back and show some more color on the country performance, which Patrick also talked about. From a regional perspective, we saw generally stable performance in the Americas. We saw sustained traction in most parts of Europe, and we saw acceleration in Asia. All this was driven by strong performance from our long-tail sales channel. Growth in North America was steady, as U.S.
revenue was boosted by seasonal events such as the Super Bowl, Valentine's Day, and tax season. Canada was a little slower. Growth in Western Europe was robust in spite of the macroeconomic conditions. We continued seeing good growth in the UK. Germany, France, and Italy grew slightly less quickly than before. We saw strong acceleration in Asia. Japan grew faster this quarter, led by successes again in our small and medium client base. Let's talk about marketing and our partnerships business. Our marketing partnership teams continue to support the fantastic growth we've seen this quarter across all of our business lines, products, and services. We continue to roll out initiatives to support Google+, which Larry talked about. We rolled out our That's a Plus campaign, with spots airing during the Grammys, the Oscars. Google+ and Hangouts are getting great traction. We had President Obama, we had Governor Romney.
They both conducted very successful Hangouts on the platform. Even NASCAR held a Hangout ahead of the Daytona 500. The most interesting was CV Survey, did an underwater Hangout live from the Great Barrier Reef. It's amazing to be able to see our great products like Hangouts be so successful. I recommend that all of you try Hangouts soon. As Larry mentioned, we also launched Google Play, which provides users with one place to find, enjoy, and share apps, music, movies, and books instantly anywhere across the web and on their Android devices. To support the launch, we ran a seven days-to-play promotion, offering discounts on apps and media, and our YouTube video has received over 3 million views to date. Our partnership teams also kept to its great work, supporting our products by being very close to our partners.
For example, we launched Google Street View in Russia, which lets users walk around the historical centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg. We were also thrilled that this quarter, our Google Cultural Institute helped bring Nelson Mandela's archives online. We expanded our successful art project to include new museums, from the Getty Museum in LA to the museums in Paris and Qatar. The project now provides access to more than 30,000 ultra-high-resolution images of paintings, sculptures, and photographs from 151 museums and other institutions in 40 countries. In closing, I think Q1 was an excellent quarter. It has led us off to a very good start for 2012. We look forward to continuing to serve our users, customers, and partners for the rest of 2012 and beyond.
I also want to say thank you to all the Googlers in our global business team, all of our partners in the product and engineering teams that allow us to make these wonderful things happen and allow us to continue to drive the business. With that, thank you, and I'm going to hand you back to Patrick.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thank you. Jamie, our operator, is going to give us the instructions to get to the Q&A. Jamie, why don't we just jump right in?
Operator (participant)
Thank you, sir. If you would like to ask a question on the call today, please press the star key followed by the digit one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone today, please make sure your mute function has been turned off or pick up your handset to ensure that our equipment can hear your signal. Again, that is star one if you would like to ask a question. If you do find that your question has already been asked and answered, you may remove yourself from queue by pressing star two. We'll take our first question from Spencer Wang with Credit Suisse.
Spencer Wang (Analyst)
Thanks, and good afternoon. Two quick questions. First, for Patrick, you mentioned the headcount growth was only about 600 this quarter. That's obviously slower than what you saw in 2011. Is this roughly the pace we should expect for 2012, or were there perhaps some timing factors? Secondly, for Larry, you talked about Google+ unifying the Google product. When you think about things like Google Wallet and offers, the mobile strategy maps, do you think of these as individual products, or are they part of perhaps a broader local strategy? If so, how do they fit together? Thanks.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thank you, Spencer. Why don't I just jump on the technical question, then let Larry get to the second one? I think that the headcount fluctuations, you'll remember last year when Larry said that we were at what was kind of the edge of what was tolerable. This short-term variability is actually the very best proof point that we don't manage kind of quarter to quarter and try to smooth things out. It just happens that in the first quarter, at this time of year, it's a bit different than when you come back in Q3, when you have all of the graduate students that actually start with us. There's a bit of fluctuations there. I wouldn't read that much into the numbers, but we're basically continuing to push on plans for our hiring for this year.
Spencer Wang (Analyst)
Thanks, Patrick.
Larry Page (CEO)
Yeah, a question, I guess, about our products. I think we're working very hard, and I've talked a lot about this, to make our Google experience be more unified and feel like one great experience for people. Many of the products you mentioned, Google Wallet, Offers, Maps, apply kind of across many of the things we do. I think you'll see better integration of those products through the rest of our products as already exists with Wallet, for example, across many different parts, like Google Play and so on. I think you'll see that increasingly happen over time, just as we make these experiences better. They'll come up when you expect them to come up and when they make sense for users. I think that's definitely a big area of focus for us.
Spencer Wang (Analyst)
Great, thank you very much.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thank you. Jamie, let's go to the next question, please.
Operator (participant)
We will go next to Mark Mahaney with Citi.
Mark Mahaney (Analyst)
Thanks. Two quick questions. First, in terms of appealing to major brands, and Nikesh, I think you talked about how you're seeing major brands engage more with YouTube and other assets. Could you talk about how you're trying to go after those dollars? Are there new things that you're doing now that you weren't doing two years ago to kind of accelerate that momentum? Real quickly on the mobile CPC issue, could you just comment again on over time, over what period of time you would expect mobile and desktop CPCs to merge, or do you think that's a realistic expectation? What would cause that to happen or not? Thank you.
Nikesh Arora (Senior VP and Chief Business Officer)
Hi, let me take the first question quickly, and then I'll give you a little color on the second one, and then Patrick can jump in. In terms of what we're doing differently, as I mentioned, YouTube has gone from being an interesting place for brands to be to being a must-buy. We're seeing tremendous demand for inventory, which is brand-related. For the most part, the online world in the past has been more performance-related, i.e., people wanted to get some transactions. They wanted to get more people to their website. Now they're seeing the benefit of using the web for brand affiliation and for brand recognition. We are beginning to have a different sales pitch with the large brands, which is oriented towards them coming and getting their brands seen on the web. YouTube is a phenomenal tool in that regard, which acts sort of like an anchor property.
We're able to package our demographic-based inventory around the Google Display Network, around YouTube, and actually get the brands to engage in the large campaigns, which can run in the millions of dollars. This was a capability we couldn't have a few years ago because the inventory didn't exist and all the demographic tools didn't exist. Clearly, this is a new space and a new sort of pitch to our brand advertisers. As I said, we are trying to light this up across our sales force around the world in 60 countries.
Larry Page (CEO)
Thank you, Mark. Our next question?
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
No, let's go through the mobile CPC question. Mark, I think that this one is, think of it as so much upside for us because essentially, mobile is exploding in query growth. The formats themselves are just adapting already a lot from a relatively crude base to so much more in the future. You're absolutely right that right now they don't monetize as well because we're kind of in what search used to be in 2002, 2003, 2004. As these formats continue to get better and better, we'd expect much better performance on them.
Larry Page (CEO)
Yeah, and this is Larry. I'll add something, Mark. I think the mobile CPCs, I mean, people always spend the most effort on the major, whatever the major source of traffic or revenue is, and those are growing really quickly. Currently, obviously, there's more on desktop. I think over time, it'll actually reverse. I think that the ability to kind of on your mobile to do local kinds of transactions, to really easily communicate with people, and to do the kind of capabilities you have on your mobile device, and the fact that you spend most of your money locally, I think that over time, that may actually reverse, and the CPCs actually may get better. I think we're very bullish about that. We're making a lot of investments in that area, in things like Offers and so on, and Wallet. We're very, very excited about the potential there.
Also, click-to-call and other things that we do. For example, it's a lot easier to call someone from your mobile than it is from your computer right now. If that's how you're relying for transactions, actually, mobile CPCs should be higher for that. I think you just haven't seen the focus on it, and we're moving more and more focus onto that, both on our sales side and our customers are moving focus onto that. I'm very, very bullish on that.
Mark Mahaney (Analyst)
Thank you, Larry. Thank you, Patrick, Nikesh.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thanks. Jamie, let's go to our next call, please.
Operator (participant)
We will go next to Ben Schachter with Macquarie.
Ben Schachter (Analyst)
Larry, in your 2012 update letter, you speak of all these notions of changing the world and ambitious goals on risky projects and having a healthy disregard for the impossible. Without getting into too much detail, at a high level, what types of projects is Google working on that would really surprise us? Are you remaining committed to this 70/20/10 investment rule, where these non-core areas might get only 10% of the investment? Separately, just on the Google.com tax piece, that continues to increase as a percentage of Google revenue. Is most of that coming from payments to mobile partners? Given the growth of mobile, should we expect that to continue to increase meaningfully? Thanks.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Do you mind, Larry, why don't I answer the last one first because it's really easy, and then you can jump on the rest? Look, on tax, if you look at our percentages as a percent of revenue year-over-year, it's basically stable. It moves a little bit here and there, and you have a partner mix and an effect mix between mobile and others. It's not actually changing in any dramatic way. What you have to see in there is just a regular mix of both traffics and partners that come in and out all the time as well. I wouldn't read too much into that. I'll let Larry answer the really sexy question.
Larry Page (CEO)
Yeah, thanks, Ben. It's a really great question. I think I didn't mention specifically the 70/20/10 investment rule in my letter. I should have. That's a good addition. We definitely still feel that most of our resources should be going to our core businesses, which really are search and ads and a few of the other things I mentioned. It really falls to that core, I think. There's 20% on newer things and maybe another 10% on the really speculative things. Through our whole history, we've really struggled to even have 10% on the speculative things. It generally is much lower than that. I think the real thing that's needed on those projects is some management. It does take up bandwidth. You saw our announcements of Google Glass last week, which I was very excited to see go out. You've seen the driverless car kinds of things.
It does take our executive time to deal with those things and so on. I think that's the real investment we make, rather than being huge amounts of dollars on those kinds of things generally. We've got a limited number of things we can do. As I've been saying, we've been trying to focus. We're trying to make sure that we have the right speculative bets, as well as the right bets we're making on our core products and so on. I'm pretty excited about our ability to do that. I think it's hard coming from the outside because I mentioned in the letter I published today that Android took three years plus three years to really get to where it is today. That's six years. You all haven't seen Android for the six years. We've seen it for the six years, and we really invested in it.
It's not so much money at the earlier stages, but attention. That's an important, I think, discipline for the company to have.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thanks for your question, Ben. Let's go to the next question, please, Jamie.
Operator (participant)
We will take our next question from Brian Pitz with UBS.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Go ahead, please, Brian.
Brian Pitz (Analyst)
Can you hear me?
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Now we can hear you.
Brian Pitz (Analyst)
Sorry about that. Similar to your detail on cost per click, would you discuss the key drivers of higher paid click growth? Is it quality changes, product listing ads, or something else? More broadly, maybe you could discuss how product listing ads do impact results as we're tracking a substantially higher number of these ads on your site. Thanks.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Without giving, look, the short answer is yes. That is what the core answer of my message to the market was today. I think that you have a combination of international factors. You have a combination of new formats. Ad formats drive a lot in terms of paid clicks. If you think of even the site links extensions that we've, like, we have a new generation of site links for this quarter, right? This is a perfect example of a product where, by adding additional lines that are more targeted, instead of having just kind of trucks, and then you go down into the second layer, you have less CPC for that additional site links. If it's a better ad, people click a ton more on them. It is really all of those five factors that actually drive them.
That is why we're continuing to kind of be pretty happy with the health of the net effect, which is real growth. Certainly, internationally, you can see our mix between international and non-international, and that's driving it as well. You have all these factors at play, and we're pretty happy with what we're doing there.
Brian Pitz (Analyst)
Great, thanks.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thanks, Brian. Let's go to the next question, please.
Operator (participant)
We will take our next question from Doug Anmuth with JPMorgan.
Doug Anmuth (Analyst)
Thanks for taking the question. Two things. First, I just want to follow up on the question on mobile and tech. If you could help us understand beyond CPCs how the economics of mobile are different, and perhaps a little bit more detail on how you're paying OEMs and carriers. Secondly, any updated thoughts on the cash balance and an update perhaps on the split of U.S. and international cash? Thanks.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Let me start with the last one first. We don't give the breakdown of our U.S. and cash. We do it kind of irregularly, so we haven't done so of late. We continue to have a very strong cash balance, both U.S. and international. You'll notice if you go into the details of our cash balance and our balance sheet, right, we have just slightly under $2 billion of SEC lending programs. When you really, really look at our net cash balance, you've got to take that SEC lending out because it's on both sides of the balance sheet. For the rest of it, incredibly healthy cash balance, both domestic and international. Nikesh, do you want to give a quick update on the mobile CPCs, the economics?
Nikesh Arora (Senior VP and Chief Business Officer)
Yeah, I mean, again, I'm not going to talk about specifically the tech and mobile. As you know, we get people using our devices both organically, as well as through our distribution partnerships with carriers and OEMs. Typically, the OEMs and carriers participate in some of the economics around the Android Marketplace or Google Play, and some of them participate in the economics around Google Search, just the way we would do syndication on the web platform, which we do with many partners around the world. We have similar deals on the mobile front. I think in the mix, it comes out, it sort of washes out, and it sort of adds up into our number, which we show in our total number between desktop and mobile. Mobile is no different from the way the desktop business operates out there.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
We benefit from the terrific growth. Thanks for your question, Doug. Let's go to the next question, please, Jamie.
Operator (participant)
We will go next to Carlos Kirjner with Bernstein.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Go ahead, Carlos.
Carlos Kirjner (Analyst)
Thanks for taking my question. Two questions, if I may. If you think of the future of internet search three or four years out, how important will the social signal be, and how important will personalization be? In other words, will the company with the best social signal be able to offer the best search? The answer to that question is no. Why is Google investing so much in Google+? A second question, if I may. You'll probably end the year with about $50 billion in cash and marketable securities, and that will give you quite a lot of strategic flexibility. Given that, what's the rationale to continue to increase that amount and not return cash to shareholders?
Larry Page (CEO)
Yeah, I'll take the first part, Carlos. Thanks for the question. This is Larry again. I think that it's a very good question. One of the things I actually had in my remarks and I took out was to talk a little bit about search and just didn't have time to put it all in. It actually covered the question you're asking. One of the most amazing things we can do today that we couldn't do even a few months ago is to really—I have this friend, Ben Smith, who's a person at Google. He has kind of a common name. Now, when I do a search, it finds the right person, and it puts him in the search box. For the first time, the search box isn't really searching a string, just a sequence of letters. It's actually searching for that person that I know.
It's obviously not all the searches you do, but being able to search for people well is important. Having real feedback from users about what they like and don't like and things they're sharing and so on is very useful for search. We have a lot of those signals already. We can always use more signals. We can always use better relevance, and we can always use more data to generate that. I think it is very important. Social data about identity and ability to easily share things with other people and comment on them and things like that is a basic utility for people in all of our products. That's where I was talking about Google+ really working across all of Google for identity and sharing and notification and other things that it does really well. That all applies to search, and I think it's important for search.
I think search is going to change a lot. We're going to make it a lot better over the next five or 10 years, as it's changed a lot in the past. It will include a bunch of those signals and a bunch of other things as well.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Carlos, why don't I take the next one? The issue of our cash balance. We have a healthy cash balance, as I had mentioned a minute ago, and we still believe that it's an incredible strategic asset for us. You saw it last year when we decided to make the purchase of MMI. We continue to monitor this cash balance. For the time being, we really believe that that strategic asset has a ton of value. We will continue to monitor it, and we have a process by which we actually review it on a regular basis with the board. Those questions are always asked, so we have a good governance process around it. For now, in the time being, we have nothing to announce on it. Thank you, Carlos, for your question.
Carlos Kirjner (Analyst)
Thank you. Thank you.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Jamie, why don't we go to the next question, please?
Operator (participant)
We will take our next question from Heather Bellini with Goldman Sachs.
Heather Bellini (Analyst)
Hi, good afternoon, and thank you. I was wondering, Larry, if you could walk us through your view on Google's tablet strategy via Android and the relative importance of having success with these devices in terms of achieving your long-term goals.
Larry Page (CEO)
Yeah, thanks, Heather. That's a great question. I think that we're very excited about tablets. I think there's a number of Android tablets out there. Obviously, we have strong competition there as well. I think you've seen us really invest substantially also in things like Google Play, which really gives you great access to entertainment, media, books, and videos, and so on, as well as the apps. We think that's an important component of what we're doing. I think there's also, obviously, there's been a lot of success on some lower-priced tablets that run Android, maybe not the full Google version of Android. We definitely believe that there's going to be a lot of success at the lower end of the market as well, with lower-priced products that will be very significant. It's definitely an area we think is important and we're quite focused on.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thanks for your question, Heather. Let's go to the next question, please, Jamie.
Operator (participant)
We will go next to Justin Post with Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
Justin Post (Analyst)
Hi, thank you. I have one for Larry and one for Patrick. Larry, Android is obviously a key focus you talk about a lot in your letters. Can you help us understand the strategic value for Google since you're not licensing it? Do you see more revenue per device if it runs on Android or lower tech? What else can you tell us about what the real advantage to Google's advertising business is? Patrick, obviously, hiring and CapEx in Q1 this year are a lot lower than Q1 last year. Can you tell us if you factor in your revenue growth when you make that spending decision, your outlook? Does that give us any clues on your outlook for revenue growth over the next couple of years? Thank you.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Why don't I jump on the first one? Because mine, again, is not a very strategic one. It's more how we proceed. Look, it's lumpy because there's just timing decisions, right? There's probably a few areas where we would have liked to actually make investments in Q1, and for a bunch of logistics reasons or otherwise, we couldn't. You'll notice that's why there's kind of like a $350 million difference between Q4 and Q1. You should just expect it to be lumpy. That's just the nature of data centers; they are kind of big and clunky. When you buy some piece of real estate, it's big and clunky. There is quite a bit of variability to it. I wouldn't take any one data point to start making a trend out of. It's tough, but I think that you can see we're committed to capital.
If you look at the last couple of years, we've really made kind of significant investments, and we'll continue to do them because it's a real strategic asset to us as well. I'll let Larry answer the first question.
Larry Page (CEO)
Yeah, Justin, I think on your questions about Android, I think they're pretty short-term focused. I think it's good to think about the longer-term issues. We don't get very many new operating systems, kind of only a few in my lifetime. I think they're pretty important. I think Android's really about increasing the pace of innovation, usage of mobile devices, and our ability to get great user experiences out to our users, which I think we're doing a great job of. I mentioned over 850,000 devices per day are going out. It's important to remember we're very early stages of that. I'm amazed the computer that I'm carrying in my pocket is as good as the one I had a few years ago on my desktop. I think we're only at the very, very early stages of what's possible with those devices.
I'm excited about a whole bunch of things we're doing in that area. We already mentioned kind of things like, like I said, I'm very bullish that CPCs will improve on mobile over desktop due to all those capabilities. I think the benefits we get from Android are a lot. I mean, obviously, we have great integration with our products and search and Google+ and photo uploading. There's 100 things that we do really well on Android that benefit us across the board, our users across the board, and our products across the board. I think that's going to continue to be the case. I think that does lead to better economics for us, too, because we're providing amazing experiences for people that are well integrated and work well, and they demand. I'm very positive on all those things.
Justin Post (Analyst)
Great, thank you.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thank you, Justin. Jamie, let's go to our next call, please.
Operator (participant)
We will go next to Lloyd Walmsley with Deutsche Bank.
Lloyd Walmsley (Analyst)
Great, thanks for taking the call. Larry, just wondering, as you look out on a very long-term, kind of five-year view, do you see tablets taking perhaps a majority of home internet usage? If so, how strategically imperative is it for Android to have a big success in the tablet space, given partner tech could impose a high cost to the extent Android doesn't have a hit?
Larry Page (CEO)
I think I sort of already answered this question previously about tablets. I think, like you said, it's an important area. Your computing experience, obviously, if you have an Android phone or use Google Online or you care about all those things in terms of your experience. I think you're thinking about your user experience, you're thinking about across all the devices you use. I think people are going to get a lot more devices. We see kind of a convergence between all the services on those devices. Right now, I feel like each device you get is kind of a hassle to deal with. You're thinking about each individual device and all the issues with it. I think that's not really right. You're going to have a pretty unified experience and a great experience from a user point of view, and you won't have to manage all these devices.
I think you want to think about all these screens around you working seamlessly and working well for you. Obviously, tablets are important. We have Google TV, obviously. Big screens are important. Computers are important. Phones are important. Everything is, all those devices are important. I expect that they'll work well together. That's kind of how we would think about it. I don't think any single device there is going to drive all the usage or all the kind of convergence that needs to happen.
Lloyd Walmsley (Analyst)
Great, thank you.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thanks, Lloyd. Jamie, let's go to the next question, please.
Operator (participant)
We will go next to Ross Sandler with RBC Capital Markets.
Ross Sandler (Analyst)
I had a question for Nikesh. Can you give us an update on the growth rates you're seeing today in your core search business by small, medium, and large advertiser tranches? I think you mentioned in the prepared remarks that Japan had strong growth primarily due to smaller advertiser tranches. How does that growth look in the various advertiser size buckets across your geos? Is the speed of small advertiser adoption increasing right now versus prior periods, given all the new local products that you have?
Nikesh Arora (Senior VP and Chief Business Officer)
Yeah, I mean, I think the one way to think about it is that fundamentally, we have one auction. In that auction, every advertiser participates, whether it's a small advertiser or a large advertiser. The way we think about it is that we try and go ahead and get more and more advertisers to see the benefit of online advertising and the solutions that we offer. As more and more advertisers come into the auction, it drives the price up of the auction for both large and small advertisers. The way to think about it is that there's a price, as you talked about, CPC, the paid clicks.
It's really the third variable that goes into it, which is how many advertisers can we bring into the auction and how many various things can we get them interested in, whether it's mobile, whether it's YouTube, whether it's display, whether it's search. There has been a lot of effort we have put in from our end, both to get more small businesses online. We've been running GYBO campaigns around the world where we get small businesses online. We've also been cleaning up our sign-up flows for our AdWords product, which is a self-serve product where many small businesses can sign up. We have been working on getting people to have more mobile sites and getting people opted into mobile campaigns. Effectively, it's a lot of effort towards getting more and more advertisers into the ecosystem.
As that happens around the world, you will see seasonal patterns or some sort of spikes when we've worked harder on small businesses in one quarter in certain parts of the world. Eventually, it all benefits the auction, and we see the trend over time ends up working the same way for large and small advertising.
Patrick Pichette (Senior VP and CFO)
Thanks, Nikesh. We'll take one last question, and then we'll close the call. Jamie, can you give us the last question, please?
Operator (participant)
Yes, sir. That final question comes from Anthony DiClemente with Barclays.
Anthony DiClemente (Analyst)
Thanks for fitting me in. Just have one question for Nikesh or whomever wants to answer it. It seems like even though as you're shifting to mobile, you have this presumably double-digit pricing step down for CPCs. In the display world, certainly that pricing difference could be even more dramatic, in some cases by 1/2 or 2/3 prices getting cut on that shift to mobile. You at Google have the unique ability to compare and contrast the difference in price between search and display and how the two are monetizing relative to desktop. Any color on that comparison would be appreciated because I think there are folks out there that have a view that actually search, core search, monetizes better on that shift to mobile than display does. I would love to just understand that better. Thanks.
Nikesh Arora (Senior VP and Chief Business Officer)
Yeah, I mean, I guess let me try and explain it from the advertiser perspective. What we're striving towards is advertisers are interested in ROI. Advertisers actually are not interested in whether they're on the mobile product, the display product, the search product on the web, or the search product on mobile. What we are fast converging towards is we're basically sitting down and understanding ROI targets of our advertisers. We have immense amounts of inventory at our behest, whether it's mobile inventory on display or search or desktop inventory or even inventory through our network. What we are trying to work towards is being able to dynamically allocate across these various products, which allows them to get the maximum ROI. In that case, they don't really care about whether they got that transaction to happen off one platform, one format, or the other.
That's what we want to aspire to. That works really well in performance advertising because there is a specific objective the advertiser has. On display, on brand, it works slightly differently, obviously, because you're talking about CPMs. Generally, that's the way to think about it. In the long term, we think mobile will monetize better. We really don't see the difference happening on display and search, as you alluded to. Larry, you want to add something?
Larry Page (CEO)
I was just going to close the call here. I really thank everyone for spending so much time with us today. Thank you all for spending time with us today and for being so interested in Google. Now I'll turn it over to the operator.
Operator (participant)
Thank you. That does conclude today's conference.