Reinsurance Group of America - Earnings Call - Q4 2024

Executive Summary

• Q4 delivered solid operating performance: adjusted operating EPS of $4.99 and net premiums of $4.16B, with consolidated pre-tax adjusted operating income of $431M; trailing 12‑month adjusted operating ROE ex‑AOCI was 13.8% (15.4% ex notable items).
• Mix drivers: U.S. & LatAm Traditional benefited from in‑force management actions; EMEA Financial Solutions saw strong longevity and margin contributions; Asia Traditional faced unfavorable claims in floored cohorts; U.S. Financial Solutions remained below expectations amid annuity runoff and slower earnings emergence from new deals.
• Strategic updates and guidance: management raised its intermediate-term adjusted operating ROE target to 13–15% and reiterated 8–10% growth on a higher earnings run-rate; deployable capital stood at ~$1.7B to fund transactions over the next 12 months.
• Stock narrative catalysts: increased ROE target, robust pipeline and deployable capital, plus continued “Creation Re” wins and balance sheet optimization (including retro recapture economics) should underpin estimate revisions and sentiment in 2025 despite near-term variability in claims cohorting and variable investment income.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

• What Went Well

  • In‑force actions and balance sheet optimization boosted earnings and reduced future risk; management quantified ~$84M positive Q4 impact from U.S. in‑force actions and highlighted record full‑year capital deployment into in‑force transactions ($1.676B).
  • EMEA Financial Solutions outperformed on strong recent new business, favorable longevity experience, and higher investment margins.
  • Strategic momentum: “Creation Re” exclusive transactions drove record new business value, with notable wins across Asia (China, Japan) and UK longevity swaps; management raised ROE target to 13–15% on sustained fundamentals.

• What Went Wrong

  • Asia Traditional experienced unfavorable claims (with economic claims favorable but floored cohorts depressing current period reported results).
  • U.S. Financial Solutions below range due to runoff of older annuity blocks and slower earnings emergence from new transactions; segment run‑rate reset lower to reflect rate environment and mix changes.
  • Variable investment income was moderately below plan; company also recorded a $42M incentive compensation accrual true‑up in Q4, and biometric experience was a $58M accounting negative despite underlying positives.

Transcript

Operator (participant)

Hello and welcome to the Reinsurance Group of America's fourth quarter 2024 earnings conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw from the question queue, please press star and then two. As a reminder, today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the call to Jeff Hopson, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Jeff Hopson (Head of Investor Relations)

Thank you. Welcome to RGA's fourth quarter 2024 conference call. I'm joined on the call this morning with Tony Cheng, RGA's President and CEO, Axel André, Chief Financial Officer, Leslie Barbi, Chief Investment Officer, and Jonathan Porter, Chief Risk Officer. A quick reminder before we get started regarding forward-looking information and non-GAAP financial measures. Some of our comments or answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from expected results. Please refer to the earnings release we issued yesterday for a list of important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected results. Additionally, during the course of this call, the information we provide may include non-GAAP financial measures. Please see our earnings release, earnings presentation, and quarterly financial supplement, all of which are posted on our website for discussion of these terms and reconciliations to GAAP measures.

Throughout the call, we will be referencing slides from the earnings presentation, which again is posted on our website, and now I'll turn the call over to Tony for his comments.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining our call. Last night, we reported adjusted operating earnings of $4.99 per share. Our adjusted operating return on equity, excluding notable items, for the past year was 15.4%. The fourth quarter capped off a great year for RGA as we delivered record operating earnings and many other achievements across our organization. In the quarter, our in-force transactions were solid at $250 million of capital deployed, and this was accompanied by continued strong momentum in organic business activity in all our key markets around the world. We once again successfully executed our balance sheet optimization strategy with various in-force actions. These actions resulted in not only favorable near-term results, continued long-term financial benefits, but also simultaneously reduced risk for RGA. Such actions are very much part of our business strategy, although lumpy in their nature.

For the full year, we deployed just shy of $1.7 billion into transactions, which far exceeded any other year in RGA's history. Moreover, we enter 2025 with a robust pipeline and are excited about our business prospects across the globe. This strong and sustainable business momentum is a result of the RGA strategic platform and demonstrated discipline that we exhibit in both risk management and capital deployment. Based upon the strong quarterly and annual results and our confidence in the strong fundamentals of our business, we have increased our intermediate-term operating ROE target to 13%-15%, up from the previous 12%-14%. In addition, we have raised our targets for earnings run rate and reaffirmed our 8%-10% intermediate-term growth target on this higher run rate.

Let me now provide further details of some of our new business activities in the quarter focused on our four areas of notable growth. Commencing with our Asia traditional business, we have previously shared a number of important transactions where we play to our strengths and our ability to reinsure both the asset and biometric sides of the balance sheet. This has been predominantly in Hong Kong, which is where we first established our strong product development capabilities. In Q4 2024, we extended this strategy with four important transactions in mainland China that generated a meaningful value uplift. These transactions not only help our clients improve their asset liability management profiles, but also optimize our own ALM profile, providing further diversification for RGA.

This is a great example of how our teams are finding creative ways to produce new opportunities to help our clients generate additional value for RGA whilst reducing our risk profile at the same time. In our second area of notable growth, U.S. traditional, the fourth quarter was another good quarter for new business after a very strong Q3, as the U.S. market is presenting increasingly attractive opportunities that align with RGA's underwriting strength, complemented by the increasing use of technology and data. In addition, as previously reported, we closed the transaction with a key global client that included LTC and a block of structured settlements at an attractive risk-return trade-off. The block of LTC represented less than 2% of RGA's total liabilities, with a consistent risk profile to our existing LTC in-force block that has performed strongly for many years.

Our third area of notable growth is the PRT and the longevity market. In the U.S. PRT market, we completed a small transaction this quarter. The pipeline remains strong, and we are optimistic about our prospects going forward. In the U.K., we had a very active quarter to close out a record year, as we completed a number of strategic transactions leveraging the strength of our client relationships. This included another large U.K. director plan longevity swap, where the client valued RGA's execution certainty. With this strong quarter, we surpassed 2023's new business performance, which was a record year for RGA. Finally, in Canada, we closed our first funded reinsurance PRT transaction, which was done with a strategic partner.

We have done a few longevity swap reinsurance deals over the years, but this was the first deal where we reinsured risk from both sides of the balance sheet to bring new solutions to the market. Every dollar of longevity risk has the potential to diversify the overall risk of RGA, given our substantial mortality business. Just like the earlier examples from China, we can generate profitable business and diversify our risk at the same time. Our final area of notable growth is in our Asia asset-intensive business, where we completed a modest number of transactions to cap off a great year. In Japan, we finalized the landmark transaction with one of our key global clients. This is a material biometric asset-intensive opportunity with an initial reserve of about $200 million. This, once again, demonstrates our ability to reinsure both sides of the balance sheet.

As you can see in each example in all four areas of notable growth, we have been successful in winning exclusive transactions in our sweet spot. That is, we are able to combine our strong local market presence, biometric capabilities, asset management platform, and ability to reinsure both sides of the balance sheet for key clients around the globe. These are very much examples of what we call Creation Re deals. These transactions create greater value for RGA and its clients and lead to a virtuous cycle of repeat deals within the same market or in other markets around the vast RGA network. This strategy is now fully being executed. This quarter and for the past two years, we are proud to say that the majority of the new business and better value comes from Creation Re deals.

As previously mentioned, in addition to new business, we are able to enhance ROE and earnings through our balance sheet optimization strategy. This quarter, we completed another in-force management action, which resulted in a client recapturing several blocks from the 1999-2004 era, reducing our exposure to this underperforming period. Just like the Chinese new business and the longevity transactions, this is yet another example of where we can create financial value and simultaneously diversify our enterprise risk. As I step back and review the full year's results, it was a tremendous year from both a financial and strategic perspective. Record operating EPS of $22.57 per share, up 14% from a strong 2023. Record capital deployment into transactions of $1.7 billion, up 80% from 2023. Record balance sheet optimization delivering $2.1 billion of long-term value. Record new business value, up 70% from 2023, driven by Creation Re deal.

To put a finer point on how historic 2024 was in terms of business activity, we completed the first, third, and fourth largest transactions in our history. Finally, we were able to deliver this success and business performance at an ROE for 2025 of 15.4%, which is above our intermediate target range. I am most proud of many things at RGA, but I'm most proud of the fact that everything we do at RGA is with a disciplined and balanced approach. We are not only about growth and winning new business, but just as much about being disciplined and patient for the right risk-return trade-off. We are not only focused on the U.S., but also just as focused on Asia and EMEA, which represents over 50% of our earnings. We are not only about biometric risk, but as adept in reinsuring the asset side of the balance sheet.

We achieved this balance by having an environment for an entrepreneurial spirit to flourish, but also instilling in each of our associates the vital importance of discipline and strong technical expertise. The true heart of the organization is that we are a group of risk managers focused on only one thing, which is life and health risk. By continuing to execute this proven formula for over 50 years, we have substantially grown our book value per share and have been able to raise ROE and earnings targets in each of the past two years. Therefore, no matter how proud I am of what we achieved in 2024, I am fully confident that the best is yet to come. I will now turn it over to our CFO, Axel André, to discuss the financial results in more detail.

Axel André (CFO)

Thank you, Tony. RGA reported pre-tax adjusted operating income of $431 million for the quarter, or $4.99 per share after tax. For the trailing 12 months, adjusted operating return on equity, excluding notable items, was 15.4%. We delivered solid overall results for the quarter and excellent results for the year. During 2024, we added significantly to the long-term value of our business, which adds recurring earnings, and we continue to execute on our strategic initiatives. We deployed $250 million into in-force transactions in the quarter and nearly $1.7 billion for the full year. Also, our internal measure of new business value added was very strong for the quarter and all-time high for the year. Reported premiums were up 1.2% for the quarter relative to the fourth quarter of 2023. However, adjusting for U.S. PRT transactions, which can cause premiums to fluctuate, total premiums were up 11%.

Our traditional business premium growth was 9.5% for the quarter and 8.3% year to date on a constant currency basis. Premiums are a good indicator of the ongoing strength of our traditional business, and we continue to have good momentum across our regions. The effective tax rate for the quarter was 22.5% on pre-tax adjusted operating income, below the expected range, primarily related to the release of valuation allowances in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Our enforced management actions in the U.S. this quarter again had a favorable impact on results and a positive impact on the future in terms of risk reduction and volatility in earnings. The positive impact in the quarter was approximately $84 million. In the quarter, we trued up accruals for incentive compensation to reflect the strong full-year financial performance and the very strong new business value for the year.

The total true-up in the quarter was $42 million across the organization, impacting the business segments, corporate, and investment expenses. Variable investment income was positive, but moderately below our plan. Overall, when adjusting for the non-recurring items I just mentioned and the financial impact of the biometric claims experience, which was unfavorable $58 million from an accounting perspective, the quarterly results were in line with our expectations. Moving on to our updated financial targets. As detailed on slide 20 of our earnings presentation, we have updated our financial targets, which include higher current run rates and increased intermediate-term adjusted operating ROE target. There are several favorable dynamics driving the increase since our last update a year ago. We have added significant new business at attractive returns, which is expected to materially contribute to future earnings.

Additionally, we are seeing the incremental benefits from higher interest rates on new investments and from our continued portfolio repositioning efforts. Lastly, the cumulative impacts of our ongoing balance sheet optimization and other management actions are having a positive impact to run rate earnings. I'll highlight a few segments to provide additional perspective. First, our Asia traditional and financial solutions businesses continue to achieve significant growth at attractive margins. We expect the recent success to materially contribute to earnings going forward and believe the recent momentum will continue. Next, the updated U.S. traditional run rates reflect the positive deal activity, impact from management actions, and run-off of lower margin businesses. While it's difficult to predict the timing and size of in-force management actions, we expect them to remain a core part of our strategy and contribute favorably to earnings.

Moving to U.S. financial solutions, where we have reset our expectations and adjusted the run rates to capture the current interest rate environment. The primary driver of the decline is the run-off in our existing annuity business. While we continue to win our share of new business, particularly in the U.S. PRT market, the earnings emergence is a bit slower compared to the run-off. However, we expect contributions from new business to increase as portfolios are repositioned and returns from alternative investments emerge. For EMEA, we expect our traditional segments to benefit from our strategic shift from lower margin short-term business to longer-term higher margin business. The increase in EMEA financial solutions run rates reflects our continued growth and success in the region's longevity market. Moving on to value of in-force.

The value of our in-force business, as highlighted on slide 19, increased by $4.6 billion, or around 14% for the year, driven primarily by new business contributions of $4.8 billion, with strong contributions from both our traditional and financial solutions businesses. Also, the assumption changes related to the retrocession recapture contributed $1.5 billion, and other management actions contributed $600 million. These were partially offset by $1.1 billion in unfavorable currency impacts towards the end of the year and $1 billion in expected margin run-off. Excluding the impact of FX, the value increased 17% for the year. For the quarter, the value remained relatively flat as new business contributions of $1 billion and management actions of $100 million were offset by the unfavorable FX impacts I just mentioned. Deployable capital.

As discussed last quarter, we have reevaluated how we view available capital to better account for the multiple frameworks we manage, including regulatory and rating agency requirements. Going forward, we will no longer provide a point-in-time view of excess capital. Instead, we will disclose our preferred metric of deployable capital, which stands at $1.7 billion at the end of the year. This metric represents management's estimate of capital above our targeted level of excess capital available for deployment into transactions or available to return to shareholders over the next 12 months. This improved view considers our point-in-time existing capital position relative to the capital frameworks as a starting point, as well as management's estimate of capital generation and consumption over a rolling 12-month period.

Examples of capital sources include retained earnings, credit for the value of our in-force business, and other alternative sources of capital, such as Ruby Re and strategic retrocessions. Capital uses include committed capital on flow reinsurance transactions, transactions we have signed but not yet closed, shareholder dividends, and other holding company capital uses. We believe the transition from a point-in-time view to a forward-looking approach provides a better view of our capacity to maintain our current levels of capital deployment and ability to fund future business growth. Finally, before turning to the quarterly segment results, I would like to speak to slide 9. This displays the total company claims experience and the related financial statement impacts. Biometric experience, which includes mortality, morbidity, and longevity, was unfavorable by $52 million on an underlying claims experience basis. The corresponding financial impact was $58 million unfavorable.

We believe these results are primarily the product of normal volatility and do not indicate any material trends. While claims experience can be volatile, I want to point you towards the year-to-date figure that shows significant favorable underlying claims experience driven by experience in U.S., EMEA, and APAC, and modestly negative in Canada. The comparable financial impact for the year was a slight negative, as favorable performance in uncapped cohorts will get smoothed into the future, while the unfavorable performance in capped and floored cohorts was recognized immediately. These results are consistent with 2023 claims experience, where underlying claims experience was favorable, but the financial impact was relatively small. Turning to the quarterly segments results starting on slide seven. The U.S. and Latin America traditional results reflected a favorable in-force management action, partially offset by unfavorable group medical claims.

For the full year, individual life mortality experience was positive on both an economic and financial statement basis. The U.S. financial solutions results were below expectations due to the combined run-off of existing annuity business and the earnings emergence from new transactions. Canada traditional results reflected modestly unfavorable experience due to adverse large claims experience, mostly offset by favorable experience in group business. For the year, underwriting experience was modestly unfavorable on both an economic and financial statement impact. The financial solutions results in Canada were in line with expectations. Moving on to EMEA. In EMEA, the traditional results reflected modestly unfavorable claims experience, partially offset by higher fee income from a treaty recapture. The underwriting results on an economic basis were close to break-even, while the financial statement impact reflected negative experience in floored cohorts.

For the full year, the economic underwriting experience was favorable, but the financial impact was negative, again based on LDTI cohorting. EMEA's financial solutions results were above expectations, reflecting strong new business, favorable longevity experience, and higher investment margins. Turning to our Asia-Pacific region, the traditional results were below expectations, primarily reflecting adverse high-net-worth claims on floored contracts. Overall, underwriting experience was favorable on an economic basis, but the bottom-line impact reflected those large claims in floored cohorts. For the full year, underwriting results on an economic basis was highly favorable. However, only a minimal positive current-year impact due to LDTI cohorting. Financial solutions results were solid in APAC, reflecting favorable overall experience, partially offset by lower variable investment income.

Finally, the corporate and other segments reported an adjusted operating loss before tax of $71 million, unfavorable compared to the expected quarterly average run rate, primarily due to higher general expenses, including the incentive compensation accruals that I mentioned earlier. Moving to investments on slides 11 through 14. The non-spread portfolio yield for the quarter was 4.83%, down slightly from the last quarter, primarily reflecting higher incentive compensation accrual true-ups, as well as lower variable investment income, partially offset by the contribution from new money yields exceeding the portfolio yield. If not for the compensation accrual adjustment in the quarter, the earned rate excluding VII would have increased versus the third quarter. For non-spread business, our new money rate was 6.04%, which was up from the third quarter and well above the current portfolio yield. Credit impairments were minimal, and we believe the portfolio remains well-positioned.

Related to capital management, as shown on slides 15 through 17, our capital and liquidity positions remained strong, and as mentioned earlier, we ended the quarter with deployable capital of approximately $1.7 billion. We had another good quarter of capital deployed into in-force transactions across multiple geographies. Additionally, there was more good news related to Ruby Re. Following the successful closing of the final capital raise, we completed an additional retrocession of U.S. asset-intensive liabilities to Ruby in the fourth quarter. During the quarter, we continued our long track record of increasing book value per share. As shown on slide 18, our book value per share, excluding AOCI and impacts from B36 embedded derivatives, increased to $151.97, which represents a compounded annual growth rate of 9.9% since the beginning of 2021. To summarize, 2024 was a great year for RGA.

We continue to see very good opportunities across our geographies and business lines, and we are well-positioned to execute on our strategic plan. With that, I would like to take a moment to thank everyone for your continued interest in RGA. This concludes our prepared remarks, and we would like to now open the call for questions.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one, on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. In the interest of time, we ask that analysts limit themselves to one question and one follow-up. We will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Today's first question comes from Wilma Burdis with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Wilma Burdis (Equity Research Analyst)

Hi, good morning. Could you talk about the difference between the economic and financial impacts of the biometric experience, and over what timeframe do you think the $167 million of favorable biometric claims experience from 2024 could flow through earnings? Thanks.

Axel André (CFO)

Sure. I can get started, and if Jonathan, you have anything to add, please go ahead. Thank you, Wilma, for the question. Typically, the way we think about it, the economic impact gets amortized ultimately through the accounting results, essentially over the life of the business. So if you think probably around a 15-years-plus period would be the period of time over which you would amortize that economic claims experience that hasn't yet flown through the accounting results.

Wilma Burdis (Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. And then could you just talk a little bit about some potential run rate improvements as you guys reposition a lot of the assets that you've recently acquired in the financial solutions business? Thanks. Just on a quarter-to-quarter basis would be very helpful. Thanks.

Axel André (CFO)

Sure. So for the U.S. financial solutions business, as I mentioned, we've got kind of the old annuity business that is running off, and then what we're adding in terms of new business, a number of different asset-intensive and U.S. PRT business. As we take on those transactions, typically, we take on a large portfolio, and then we reposition this portfolio over a period of time towards the strategic asset allocation that makes sense for that business. And that can take some time for that to happen, for those assets to be originated, and for the full run rate of investment income essentially to be delivered. I think we have messaged in the past that up to 12 to 18 months is the period of time that it may take to get to that full run rate.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from Ryan Krueger with KBW. Please go ahead.

Ryan Krueger (Managing Director)

Hey, thanks. Good morning. Question on the deployable capital definition. I guess maybe just as a starting point, I just wanted to confirm that the rating agencies have all signed off on this approach, given it's maybe slightly different than what we're used to in that you truly believe that you could deploy all of that $1.7 billion, and the rating agencies would view that as acceptable for your rating.

Axel André (CFO)

Thanks, Ryan, for the question. Yes, so this deployable capital metric does incorporate both the three frameworks: the regulatory capital, rating agency, and our internal economic capital framework. From the rating agency component of that, as mentioned in some of the capital sources that we have planned for over the next 12 months, all the recognition of the value of in-force business. We do that based on track record of gaining that recognition from rating agencies, and we only put an amount in there that corresponds to what we have high confidence over that 12-month period.

Ryan Krueger (Managing Director)

Okay, got it. And then on the run rates, I don't expect you to give us an exact number here, but I guess you've had very, very significant capital deployed in 2024 into in-force deals. I guess just any sense of kind of something, a sense of how much you assumed would happen in those run rates? Or I'm just trying to understand kind of if you've already projected a pretty healthy amount of deal activity or if the outlook in the pipeline might suggest upside if those come to fruition.

Axel André (CFO)

Sure. So the run rates, two things, right? So the run rates reflect, number one, the significant new business momentum and in-force management actions that we mentioned. So during the course of the latter half of 2023 and 2024. So all of those new deals, of course, add to the run rate of earnings. In addition to that, some of the in-force actions that we talked about. So we talked about the various recapture of treaties, which at times can result in an improvement to the run rate of earnings. We talked about the retrocession, the retro recapture, which leads to a significant improvement in the run rate of earnings over a long period of time. So all of those things factor in. That's one.

Second, from that point, from those run rates, which represents really the 2025 run rate, we have growth of 8%-10% on top of that. That growth comes from assumptions about the volume of new business that we will acquire, and essentially, we're assuming volumes of new business that are consistent with our recent business momentum.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from John Barnidge with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

John Barnidge (Managing Director)

Good morning. Thanks for the opportunity. I'd like to spend some time kind of being educated on the value of in-force. Can you talk a bit about how we should think about that role in the durable earnings power? It's not yet well understood by the market, so I'd love to hear more about that. Thank you.

Axel André (CFO)

Sure. The value of in-force fundamentally represents the present value of underwriting margins and investment margins over the life of the business. So it's essentially the present value of those profits. As we mentioned, an example of how there can be quite a big difference between that present value metric and the actual run rate of earnings. If you recall last quarter, when we talked about the retro recapture, we mentioned that that would increase the value metric by $1.5 billion, while from a run rate earnings perspective, it would impact 2025 by $20 million, ramping up to $40 million by 2030, and then ramping up further to $60 million by 2040. So obviously, very long duration of earnings, but that business is very long-term. So when present valued, it does create a large value.

I think there's a relative level of consistency between the amount of capital that we deploy, the amount of value of in-force that generates, that new business adds onto the balance sheet, and then ultimately, the earnings that it produces over a long period of time.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Yeah, John, just to let me add, I mean, as the question and the answer, obviously, it is a communication of future profit. It's also, obviously, future profit is a form of capital. And as Axel mentioned, when we do sort of value of in-force calculations, rating agencies do sort of accept and appreciate that to some proportion.

John Barnidge (Managing Director)

Thank you. And my follow-up question on deployable capital. You talked about 12 to 18 months as a period of time, I think, to reach full run rate earnings. What's the capacity there, and does that increase your confidence and ability to reposition transactions at that expected pace? Thank you.

Leslie Barbi (Chief Investment Officer)

Thanks. It's Leslie. I don't think we made any comment about PACT of 12 to 18 months, but more generally, so we have a very broad asset allocation platform. It's really a strong competitive edge for RGA. We have a broad variety of both public and private asset types, private asset types we've been building out over 20 years. What we want for RGA is to make sure we have the very best and widest opportunity set, so we have always used outside partners as part of that sourcing. One of those that could just be your traditional kind of external manager relationship, but another sleeve of that broad platform is these strategic partnerships, so PACT is one of those, and certainly, that is a newer company, but with a very well-known player in this GP stakes area, so it's another asset type for us.

I think it'll broaden our network. So we're very pleased about that, and it's one of many things that are helping us continue to scale our asset platform. So we have a very broad variety of private asset types. And there's a balance. When we say some transactions can take up to 18 months, and that doesn't mean there's tons of things left to reposition at 18 months, but I think we like to quote the broader range. But certainly, we are focused on making sure we can be as timely as possible in getting transactions to their full earnings. So that's something we'll be focused on. Thanks.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question is from Wes Carmichael with Autonomous Research. Please go ahead.

Wes Carmichael (Senior Analyst)

Hey, thanks. Good morning. I just wanted to ask a broader one on capital deployment and looking forward, I guess. So you obviously did the LTC, the structured settlement deal, continue to deploy capital at a pretty rapid pace. But as you look forward, Tony, where do you see maybe the best deployment opportunities for 2025?

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Yeah. Thanks, Wes, for the question. Look, it really is across the three regions. So Asia, America, and the US, all three are thriving for different reasons. You'll see in the US, the activity is very strong. We're probably seeing, obviously, block transactions have been increasing over the last five years. We're probably seeing a shift more towards our sweet spot of asset deals with biometric-type risks. So that's incredibly positive in terms of an environment. Asia, both our traditional and financial solutions-type businesses are fully thriving, testimony to our brand there for many, many years, over two or three decades now, as well as our worldwide capabilities in doing this type of business. And once again, our sweet spot and where we focus in Asia is very much the asset deals that have the biometric.

There are a fair amount of asset deals that really don't have much biometric risk. I can't say we're particularly active in that space given the potentially thin margins there. And finally, in Europe, it is around, obviously, the longevity business. That's predominantly in the U.K. We have a very strong market share there and it's built based on a phenomenally strong team, the strong relationships, and once again, the execution certainty. So that's predominantly in the U.K. We're starting to see that broaden. Netherlands is somewhere we've done transactions in the past. There's a lot of regulatory change that could be stimulating further opportunities. We're also seeing some what we call Solvency II-type solutions around the continent that are quite attractive. So I wish I could pinpoint one region, but it really is across the board that we're seeing a lot of energy and excitement fueling the pipeline.

Wes Carmichael (Senior Analyst)

That's helpful. Thank you. My follow-up, I guess, was on pension risk transfer. I think you mentioned this in your prepared remarks as a good growth opportunity. I wanted to touch on there's been recent lawsuits against plan sponsors that transacted in the market and more recently against one that transacted with you and Prudential. Can you talk about the potential impacts of litigation on the market, maybe longer term and how you're seeing that in the pipeline? Because I guess I imagine at the very least, plan sponsors have to think about factoring in potential litigation into pricing, but curious if you have a different view there.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Sure. No, thank you for the question. Appreciate it. Look, even though we weren't named, obviously, in the lawsuits, we do believe the claims are baseless. And just speaking about ourselves, we're obviously an incredibly strong home for this type of risk. We're regulated, obviously, in the U.S. We've got a U.S. vehicle, AA- rating, life and health focus, and so on and so forth. So to answer your question, we're really not seeing any current evidence of impact on pipeline. It's such a strong, compelling case as to why pension funds would de-risk in this manner. And to be honest, we won a transaction just a couple of days ago. So it is showing that at least, obviously, with this news out, it hasn't impacted. At least the evidence of that transaction hasn't impacted our ability to be viewed as a very strong counterparty.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Elyse Greenspan (Managing Director)

Hi, thanks. My first question on the 2025, like the earnings guide that you guys provided, what are you assuming for FX? And also, are you assuming any additional in-force actions in the guide?

Axel André (CFO)

Thank you for the question, so for FX, actually, we've assumed basically year-end exchange rates. Interestingly, there was a large movement in large strengthening of the dollar, essentially, in the fourth quarter, so if we were to use beginning of the year, beginning of 2024, FX rate, or even beginning of the quarter, the earnings run rate would probably have been higher by about $40 million-$50 million. So it does have an impact, and then second, in terms of in-force actions, the current run rates incorporate really a very modest level of in-force actions, I would say no more than $50 million or so, which means that there's the potential to have more than that, but as we've mentioned before, in-force actions are difficult to predict. They can be lumpy. They can be, again, difficult to predict.

If we go back and look at 2023, we had about $75 million in total of in-force action. 2024, about $250 million. But in 2023, most of that action happened in the first quarter. And then we had four consecutive quarters with almost zero dollar impact from in-force action. So it kind of gives you a flavor of how predictable and, again, lumpy those can be.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Yeah. And Elyse, maybe if you don't mind, I'd just share a broader strategic view of all of that. I mean, as Axel said, characterize it as lumpy, but it is very much part of our strategy because it uses all the real strengths of RGA, our technical ability, our partnership mentality, our holistic view, our global platform. All of these have aided historically enough, really finding creative solutions for these situations. And we're pretty patient with it. But ultimately, a lot of times, we go through these conversations with our clients, and we end up with even further new business, which is sort of a reflection of how they felt with the situation.

Elyse Greenspan (Managing Director)

Thanks. Then my second question is on deployable capital, I guess a follow-up there, right? You guys have been pretty active over the past year, right? Using capital for transactions, right, and not buying back stock. As you launched this new definition, do you think the deal flow is enough to utilize the deployable capital, or would you expect, as you think out at the 12-month figure, that there'll be some level of buyback in 2025?

Axel André (CFO)

Yep. Look, the pipeline continues to be very robust. Very pleased with that. And so assuming that continues to be the case, we will have use for all of that deployable capital, and therefore would expect to be minimal in terms of amount of share buyback for the foreseeable future.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from Jimmy Bhullar with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Jimmy Bhullar (Equity Research Analyst)

First, just a question for Tony. If we look at your biometric experience, it's been generally favorable, fairly consistently over the past several quarters. Do you think that's just normal sort of aberration and volatility and mortality, morbidity that's going in the right direction, or are there any sort of underlying dynamics that might be driving the consistently favorable experience?

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Yeah. Thanks, Jimmy, for that question. And Jonathan, please add on top afterwards. But look, my view, as you've rightly pointed out, over one two-year period, you get a better look at experience versus a quarter to quarter, which we all know will fluctuate. Even one to two years is still a relatively short period of time to look at experience. Is there any fundamental changes underlying? And look, we've always viewed mortality, and biometric risk is a very long-term proposition. In the last two years, could it be some pull forward from COVID? We don't expect it can't be the other direction. It's hard to put a number on that, but it definitely would be a favorable impact, one would think. But Jonathan, please share further views and maybe some of the long-term drivers that we're more focused on.

Jonathan Porter (Chief Risk Officer)

Yeah, sure, Tony. Happy to. I would point to, I guess, population experience and what we're seeing. So kind of post-COVID results, we are continuing to see declines in the trends of the excess mortality in the general population. So for example, in the U.S., in 2024, we're estimating excess mortality relative to pre-pandemic was just over 1%, and that was down from about 3.5% in 2023. So I'd say those trends are generally favorable. They vary a bit from country to country, but that gives you a sense of some of the tailwinds we're seeing from a mortality perspective. And then, as Tony mentioned, we are looking at continuing technological and medical improvements. I mean, the one we've talked about at Investor Day and on prior calls relates to anti-obesity medication, still examining clinical data and output and looking at those results.

But we generally remain optimistic that that will be a tailwind for us over the longer-term horizon as well.

Jimmy Bhullar (Equity Research Analyst)

Okay. And then just on growth potential, there's a lot of sort of debate over the deal pipeline and supply demand and competition. But just wondering if you could talk about your appetite for long-term care. You did do one deal, and that's one of the markets where there's arguably a lot more supply of potential business than there's been demand in the past. But what's your interest in LTC, either as a standalone risk or packaged with other types of business?

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Thank you for the question, Jimmy. Look, firstly, I don't want to put strict criteria, but historically, what we've done, and you can see in the transaction we just completed, look, we're very focused on it being in line with our current in-force block business, which has performed historically very well, I think now for over a decade. It's business that we were very patient. In the long-term care market, historically, we did not enter until the characteristics of those newer vintages arose, and we thought, "Okay, this is something we feel comfortable pricing and managing that risk." So first and foremost, look, we're looking at, is it in line with what we've done? We've got the experience. It doesn't mean we wouldn't consider other things, but that is obviously something that we're comfortable with. Secondly, it has to be a strategic transaction, right?

And as you've seen in most of the transactions, if not all, have been in conjunction with other blocks of business. Obviously, in this case, it was also with a structured settlement block, but with a very important strategic client. So we obviously contemplate risk-return trade-off of a transaction, but also the strategic impact. Thirdly, I would say we would be looking no bigger than modest-sized blocks of business. We've got, as you can see, plenty of opportunities around the world. This is a risk that does, to some extent, diversify our balance sheet, even though it is a small risk that we have, relatively speaking. But we would, at this point, be looking only at modest-sized blocks of business as we have done historically.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from Tom Gallagher with Evercore. Please go ahead.

Tom Gallagher (Senior Managing Director)

Good morning. Wanted to come back to a question Ryan asked just on the $1.7 billion of capital deployed in 2024. Did the updated run rate ranges in your guide assume that you deploy $1 billion, $1.7 billion again in 2025? Or if not, what is that number? Because I think that's a huge swing factor in terms of what are you trying to convey in these run rates? Thanks.

Axel André (CFO)

Sure. Thanks for the question. Yeah. I think in order to get to those growth rates from 2025 onwards, a level of capital deployment of, call it about $1.5 billion, maybe up to $2 billion would be the amount that delivers those growth rates. So given the pipeline, given our track record of 2024 and the ability to accelerate relative to 2023, we feel pretty good about those odds.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Tom, maybe if I could add, obviously, the volume of capital is an important determinant. The reason we spend so much time sharing about the strategic platform, the position we feel, the strong position we feel we're in, is obviously the return on the capital we deploy in these transactions. We're so focused on creating win-wins with our client because then obviously it creates greater value for the two parties to share. That's the drive towards the Creation Re type business. As I mentioned in my comments, that has for the last two years now exceeded over the majority. Over 50% of our total value creation is coming from this line of business. It's very much the culture we're driving, and we're very pleased with the success of executing that strategy.

Tom Gallagher (Senior Managing Director)

Gotcha. That's helpful color. And then my follow-up is just the big reduction in U.S. Financial Solutions. I heard the commentary there about the runoff of some, I guess, profitable annuity business. And then it sounds like there's a bit of a timing disconnect here where you had old profitable business that ran off. You put a lot of PRT in other business that has not yet fully earned in. So if that's the right way to think about this, are you still only going to grow that segment 4%-7%, or will we have a bigger ramp up than that 4%-7% implies?

Axel André (CFO)

Yep. So thanks for the question. Yeah. So that's right. So if you think of the makeup of that block of that segment, U.S. Financial Solutions in the past, old annuity blocks, this kind of how we've built that, partly how we've built that asset-intensive business over the years, and it kind of switched as we entered the U.S. PRT market into more of a PRT focus. Those pure annuity deals are obviously heavily competed, and they don't include a lot of biometric risk, so they're not necessarily such a great strategic fit going forward in terms of replacing that business that's running off. So that's one dynamic. And then the other dynamic, which you pointed out, is that with the PRT blocks, we are taking in a portfolio of assets as well, and we are repositioning that.

It takes a bit of time to get that repositioning done and flowing. And so that's also the reason why we took that run rate down. From this point onwards, we feel very confident about the ability to hit those run rates and those growth rates given our pipeline and given the types of business that we're adding in.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from Alex Scott with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Alex Scott (Insurance Research Analyst)

Hey, good morning. I had a follow-up to Tom's follow-up on Ryan's question. So when you talk about your run rates assumed deployment of, call it, $1.5 billion-$2 billion, does that assume drawing down some of that $1.7 billion of deployable capital? And the reason I ask, I think you guys earned, call it plus or minus, $1.5 billion. So if it's in excess of that, we were assuming, then it assumes some drawdown of that. And I just, as we analyze that deployable capital and think about accretion associated with its deployment, I just want to make sure I'm not sort of giving double credit or something.

Axel André (CFO)

Yep. Sure. Yeah. Thank you for the question. So yeah, so how do we fund that pipeline? So yes, so starting from deployable capital, so excess capital and the expectation over the next 12 months of the net of the capital generation versus the capital consumption, that's the first place we go to as we evaluate, given our pipeline, how we're going to fund those deals. We also want to remind that as part of that deployable capital metric, we are taking into account third-party capital that we have access to, such as the amount of capital that's left to be deployed from Ruby Re. I think I mentioned, from the rating agency capital component of that framework, the embedded value securitization that we can put into that source of available capital.

And then lastly, as part of the other tools in the toolkit, of course, we have traditional debt, public market debt, senior hybrids, as well, of course, as public equity. We consider all of those tools as part of our toolkit and make decisions based on their relative pros and cons and facts and circumstances.

Alex Scott (Insurance Research Analyst)

Got it. That's really helpful. Second question I had for you is on just this $1.7 billion, and as you think about deploying it and you look at these deals, I mean, it seems like your capital model gives more credit for diversification now. So to the extent you're looking at longevity-based deals, would that sort of significantly change at all the amount of required capital that goes into those deals? I mean, we sort of all have our rules that we think of like five, six, seven% of liabilities and assets in terms of the capital that's got to go behind these deals, but could that amount actually be lowered based on this model, maybe diversification benefit and being overweight mortality risk?

Axel André (CFO)

Yep. Thanks for the question. So we still obviously very much more long mortality than we are longevity. So there's plenty of runway to go in terms of benefiting from that diversification benefit. The diversification is really best recognized through our internal economic capital framework. Rating agency models or regulatory models will have typically different views, sometimes no recognition of diversification. But our approach to that is consistent. It's been consistent for a while. And so this is not a change of approach. This is the continuation of what we've done. It's just a refinement of the metric, the deployable metric, as I mentioned, to really reflect not only where are we today point in time, but given what we can see, what we can forecast over the next 12 months, how much capacity do we have to sustain that business momentum.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. The next question comes from Suneet Kamath with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Suneet Kamath (Research Analyst)

Hey, thanks. Good morning. I wanted to come back to the deployable capital just so I can understand this a little bit better. So I was hoping to try to bridge to the $700 million of excess capital that you gave us last quarter. And so is the right way to think about it, you had the $700 million, you deployed $250 million, I guess, in this quarter, so that would get you down to $450 million. And then the difference between the $450 million and the $1.7 billion is sort of the capital that you expect you'll generate plus the flexibility and these securitizations and Ruby Re and all the rest of that stuff. Is that the right way to think about it?

Axel André (CFO)

At a high level, yes, that's a decent way of thinking about it. The starting excess capital metric, though, as I mentioned last quarter, reflected what was relatively conservative in that it didn't necessarily reflect the value of the in-force that we already get recognition from the rating agencies on. But yeah, conceptually, you're correct. That's how we think about it.

Suneet Kamath (Research Analyst)

Okay. And then as we just think about the deployment opportunities, I mean, one of them that a lot of folks have talked about is the ESR change in Japan and just how that's going to create this sort of windfall of deals. Just curious, where are we in that opportunity? Is it happening now, or is it over the next year or so, or are we thinking about maybe even longer than that? Just want to get a sense of how big a deployment opportunity that is for you. Thanks.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Thanks, Suneet. Look, I think we're still in the early innings for a couple of reasons. And look, is it happening now? Well, definitely for us, it's happening, and it's been a very thriving area of business for us, particularly the area where mortality sorry, where biometric risk overlaps with asset risk, our sweet spot. But for a couple of reasons, it is still relatively early because, obviously, as increasingly a player does these types of transactions, then others follow. So that's been happening probably for the last five years, but people continue to follow. And secondly, when someone starts doing this, they don't do it all in one go. They do it in tranches over, gosh, it could be 10, 15 years. They just do it's a bit like dollar cost averaging. They just do tranche by tranche by tranche.

So I think we did our first tranche of a client. I think it was probably now about eight years ago, and they continue to launch tranches every year. So given those factors, I'd still say it's relatively early in the situation.

Operator (participant)

Thank you. This concludes our question and answer session. I would now like to turn the call back over to Tony Cheng for closing remarks.

Tony Cheng (President and CEO)

Thank you all for your questions and your continued strong interest in RGA. This was a good quarter and a phenomenally great year, further demonstrating our continued momentum and substantial earnings power. Thank you very much. This concludes our fourth quarter call.

Operator (participant)

The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines.