Greif - Earnings Call - Q3 2025

Executive Summary

• Q3 2025 delivered resilient operational performance: revenue $1.135B, adjusted EBITDA $160.7M, and adjusted EPS $1.03, with strong adjusted free cash flow of $170.7M; consolidated gross profit rose to $257.3M despite mixed demand.
• Versus S&P Global consensus, revenue modestly beat while EPS and EBITDA missed: revenue $1.135B vs $1.113B*, EPS $1.03 vs $1.205*, and EBITDA $142.6M vs $170.0M*; the variance reflects mix and non-GAAP adjustments amid segment softness and cost actions [GetEstimates]*.
• Guidance was raised intra-quarter for the 11-month FY2025: Combined Adjusted EBITDA $725–$735M and adjusted FCF $305–$315M; after closing the containerboard sale (Sept 2), continuing-ops guidance was rebased to Adjusted EBITDA $507–$517M and adjusted FCF $290–$300M.
• Strategic catalysts: portfolio reshaping (containerboard sale closed, timberlands sale signed), accelerated cost optimization ($20M run-rate), dividend increase to $0.56/$0.84; management highlighted operating leverage as volumes recover and capital deployment optionality at sub-1.2x pro forma leverage.

What Went Well and What Went Wrong

What Went Well

• Adjusted EPS up 11.6% YoY to $1.03 and adjusted EBITDA up 2.4% YoY to $160.7M; combined adjusted EBITDA up 11% YoY to $220.9M including discontinued operations.
• Strong cash generation: net cash from operating activities $199.9M; adjusted free cash flow $170.7M, up ~$136M YoY; leverage ratio reduced to 3.1x (from 3.6x).
• Management quote underscoring execution and cash discipline: “our strong $171 million of adjusted free cash flow generation… ramping up our cost optimization, and executing on portfolio changes”.

What Went Wrong

• GAAP diluted EPS declined YoY due to prior-year gains (Delta Petroleum divestiture); Class A diluted EPS from continuing ops fell to $0.67 from $1.34; GAAP net income decreased to $39.3M from $78.0M.
• Segment softness: Durable Metal volumes -5.8%; Sustainable Fiber volumes -7.6%; Integrated Solutions gross margin down 160 bps due to mix/OCC costs; IBCs weakness offset by small polymer growth.
• EBITDA/EPS missed S&P consensus despite revenue beat, reflecting volume/mix headwinds and restructuring costs; EBITDA actual (S&P basis) $142.6M vs $170.0M* and EPS $1.03 vs $1.205* [GetEstimates]*.

Transcript

Speaker 3

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Greif Third Quarter 2025 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question, please press star one-one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one-one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Bill D’Onofrio. Please go ahead.

Speaker 1

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining Greif's Fiscal Third Quarter 2025 earnings conference call. Today, our CEO, Ole Rosgaard, will provide a strategy and market update, followed by our CFO, Larry Hilsheimer, with a review of our financial results. Please turn to slide two. In accordance with Regulation Fair Disclosure, please ask questions regarding topics you consider important because we are prohibited from discussing material, non-public information with you on an individual basis. During today's call, we will make forward-looking statements involving plans, expectations, and beliefs related to future events. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed. We will be referencing certain non-GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP metrics that can be found in the appendix of today's presentation. This quarter's results reflect our planned containerboard business divestment within discontinued operations.

Unless otherwise noted, the financials and commentary presented today will relate to our continuing operations. I'll now hand the call over to Ole on slide three.

Speaker 5

Thank you, Bill, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us. At the outset, I want to recognize our 14,000 colleagues around the world. Their execution discipline, bias for action, and commitment to our strategy make the difference. While all colleagues' contributions are meaningful, today, I want to briefly go off script to recognize one in particular, Gary Matz. Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary to Greif will be retiring later this year. Gary is a cornerstone example of what makes Greif so special. Over his distinguished 20-plus-year career at Greif, he has impacted so many lives through his work. For myself, Gary has been a constant source of servant leadership, reason, coaching, and strategic vision. I know that both I personally and Greif colleagues globally are foundationally better because of his guidance.

I'm sitting in the room with him right now, and I can see from his face that even now he prefers to be recognized only as part of the greater Greif team. Today, we need to recognize him as an individual too. Gary, thank you for everything you have done for us and best wishes for your upcoming retirement.

Thank you, Ole.

Excuse me. Dennis Hoffman, Greif's Deputy General Counsel, will assume Gary's role effective October 1. Dennis has worked closely with Gary for the last 15 years, and we have full confidence in his ability to carry on Gary's legacy of legal excellence. Thank you both for your commitment to Greif. Now, back to the quarter. We're taking cost out and transforming the business. At times, that work can be uncomfortable, but our people know that is how the company grows, moves from good to great, and ultimately creates shareholder value. We continue to accelerate our portfolio transformation and cost optimization. The divestment of our containerboard business is planned to close at the end of the month, and our planned timberland divestment is set for October 1 for favorable tax planning purposes.

Cash receipts net of tax for these transactions will be approximately $1.75 billion, which we anticipate will put our leverage ratio below 1.2 times. These divestitures sharpen our portfolio to concentrate our efforts on markets where we have the greatest ability to grow and deliver margin expansion, capital efficiency, and durable shareholder returns. Additionally, as of Q3, we have achieved $20 million in run-rate savings towards our $15 to $25 million fiscal 2025 commitments, about $15 million of which is SG&A and the remainder through network optimization, such as the Santa Clara, California closure, which was announced earlier in August. Another key component of our cost optimization is operating efficiency gain. To that end, we want to highlight a smaller but equally meaningful change occurring in one of our shop floors.

Recently, our colleagues in the Welcome, North Carolina facility improved cross-race efficiency related to changeovers, which improved line efficiency by over 40%. At Investor Day, we spoke about the aggregation of marginal gains. This is a great example. The standalone impact of this project is not material to Greif as a whole, but when all facilities take the same mindset and drive from good to great, it will really move the needle. It is regular wins like this that daily increase our conviction in outpacing our stated $100 million cost reduction commitment. Please turn to slide four. Our Q3 results once again show that the markets we've chosen to invest in are the most resilient, even in a mixed macro environment. Customized polymer volumes were up 2.2%, led by low double-digit growth in small containers, offset by mid-single-digit declines in IVCs and large drawings.

Our focused end markets, agrochemicals, pharma, flavor and fragrance, and food and bev continue to outperform, underscoring the power of our portfolio shift. Durable metals volumes declined 5.8%, reflecting low double-digit softness in North America and low single-digit declines in EMEA. Housing and petrochemicals have been sluggish all year, and bulk chemical markets trended downward in Q3, which also drove softness in EMEA. Our strategy in this business remains value over volume and past generation, which is evident in our improved year-over-year gross profit margins. Sustainable fiber volumes declined 7.6%. URB mills operated at above 90% capacity. However, converting was mixed with Welcome, North Carolina down low single digits and fiber drums down high single digits due to sluggish North American industrial end markets. Integrated solutions volumes grew 2.6%, led by strong volumes in recycled fiber.

From a big-picture point of view, our volume performance clearly shows our strategy is working. For the time being, customer sentiment remains cautious, and the macroeconomy as a whole is not robust. We will consider that operating in an environment as we look to full-year 2026 guidance next quarter. Larry, please take over on slide five.

Speaker 1

Thank you, Ole. Hello, everyone. As a reminder, the Q3 financials are presented excluding the containerboard divestment, except for free cash flow, which compares total operations to prior year total operations. Adjusted EBITDA dollars increased $4 million, while EBITDA margins increased 70 basis points, driven by improved price cost in our fiber, polymers, and integrated segments, which more than offset volume softness across the portfolio. Free cash flow rose by almost 400% to $171 million in the quarter. This result once again demonstrates the resilience of our business model regardless of macroeconomic conditions. Please turn to slide six. In polymers, sales improved on volume price index, with growth concentrated in our target end markets. Gross profit dollars increased by over $10 million, and gross margins increased 150 basis points as we continue to drive structural cost improvement through Greif Business System 2.0.

Metals saw lower sales from both price and volume, as industrial demand softness persisted in North America and increased in EMEA. Gross profit dollars were about flat, but gross margin was up due to value over volume discipline and Greif Business System 2.0 gains. Fiber sales were down due to the converting demand softness Ole spoke of. However, gross profit dollars were up $8 million, and gross margins were up 360 basis points due to better RISI-published price cost dynamics. Integrated solutions, excluding the prior year impact of the delta divestment, was about flat on both sales and gross profit, with gross margin down 160 basis points due to product mix. Please turn to slide seven to discuss guidance.

Our revised 11-month guidance midpoint of $730 million of EBITDA is raised $5 million from the previous low end to current midpoint, and revised free cash flow midpoint of $310 million is raised $30 million from our previous low end to current midpoint. The increase in EBITDA is due primarily to better SG&A from cost optimization gains, while our price cost and volume assumptions are largely unchanged. The increase in free cash flow is primarily from the EBITDA increase plus lower expected CapEx spend, which is timing related to ongoing maintenance and growth projects. As the containerboard divestment is not finalized, we have not adjusted full-year guidance for the impact of the divestment. Our combined adjusted EBITDA guidance includes contribution of $122 million in sales and $25 million of EBITDA in each August and September related to containerboard, which is driven by the prime season for our profitable triple-wall business.

This is in addition to the Q3 year-to-date contribution of $872 million of sales and $168 million of EBITDA from containerboard. I'll now turn it back to Ole for closing on slide eight.

Speaker 5

Thanks, Larry. We are executing our built-to-large strategy with discipline and conviction, reshaping the portfolio, optimizing our cost structure, and leaning into markets where our competitive advantages are strongest. We're doing this at a time when demand recovery is still ahead of us, which means that as volumes return, the operating leverage in our business will be significant. This only strengthens our confidence in achieving our 2027 commitments and in our ability to consistently deliver lasting value for our customers, our colleagues, and importantly, our shareholders. Operator, will you please open the lines for questions?

Speaker 3

Certainly. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one-one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one-one again. Please stand by while we compile our Q&A roster. Our first question will be coming from George Staffos of Bank of America Securities Inc. Your line is open, George.

Speaker 2

Thank you. Hi, everyone. Good morning. Thanks for the details. Congratulations to Gary and Dennis as well. Nice touch, Ole. From my vantage point, I have a few questions. Number one, can you tell us how much of the guidance raised for the year was related to containerboard? I know you said it was really SG&A, but was there any notable change there relative to containerboard? Second question, can you tell us about price cost trends as we're entering the fiscal fourth quarter and really kind of the horizon into 2026 to the extent you can comment relative to metals? Lastly, I know you were happy with the growth in your targeted areas in polymers, but I was a little bit surprised to see some weakness in IBC. Can you tell us how trends, maybe it's in EMEA, are starting to affect the polymers business? Thank you.

Speaker 1

Yeah, George, I'll let Ole address the polymer stuff. On your guidance question, no containerboard impact in raising that played through as we expected. Generally, the guidance raised and I realized that was off of our low end. Some of the detriment we've seen in what's going on in metals worldwide actually probably brought us down from what we would hope for. The raise is primarily related to SG&A cost reductions taken relative to our optimization plan. On the metals pricing going into the year, steel costs have been relatively flat at this point. We don't really see any inflections going on, so we don't expect anything with significant index changes going into the fifth or the calendar quarter or now new first quarter. We don't anticipate anything significant. George, I'll turn it over to Ole on the polymer question.

Speaker 5

Yeah, just on the polymers, the growth markets, George, the ones I mentioned earlier, food and bev, agrochemical in particular, where we are the global leader. We expect those demand trends that we've seen simply to continue. Just to comment on metals as well, the metal index has been largely stable through Q3s, and we don't see any impact expected going forward from that as well.

Speaker 1

Yeah, I'll supplement one thing, George, and I made this in my comments. We had anticipated containerboard being good in this last part of the year because this is the time of year when people are harvesting watermelons and pumpkins and buying their triple-wall boxes for those things going into the grocery stores and stuff. These months are always our most profitable in that part of the business.

Speaker 2

Okay, just a point of clarification, if I could, and I'll turn it over. One, do you have a sense of what the current normalized EBITDA would be for containerboard? I mean, we can add up what you've reported with what is coming in the next month.

Speaker 1

I had to look at trailing 12 through July, George, was $218 million. It was $211 million when we cut the deal on $218 million. It's $25 million per month right now, but that's the highlight deal kind of numbers. It's always, you get into like our former first quarter was always the weakest. That pattern, I'm sure, will continue for PCA to address budget.

Speaker 2

Okay. Ole, do it. EMEA has not had an effect on the polymers business so far in industrial. You didn't really talk about IBCs. Thanks. I'll turn it over, guys.

Speaker 5

Yeah, it's the main segments that are down. Just have a look at, and you know that, George, the large chemical companies out there, just look at their last earnings, and that's kind of how the market is at the moment, whether it's in EMEA or North America. North America is the weakest.

Speaker 1

Yeah, and IBCs, like we said, were down, offset by double-digit growth in the small polymer product.

Speaker 2

Okay. Thank you, gentlemen.

Speaker 3

Our next question will be coming from Michael Roxland of Truist. Your line is open, Michael.

Speaker 0

Yeah, hi guys, this is Niko Pacini from Michael Roxland. Thanks for taking my questions.

Speaker 2

There you go.

Speaker 0

Just first off, congrats on the strong cash flow performance thus far this year. Just curious on how you think the business should perform from a cash generation perspective following the divestitures, and how do you weigh capital allocation opportunities at your forecast of lower leverage ratio?

Speaker 1

Yeah, I mean, all of our businesses are generally fairly consistent in terms of their cash flow generation. We don't really anticipate anything shifting. As we've said consistently, our objective is to be a 50% free cash flow generator relative to our performance. We're on that path, obviously north of 40% this time. The businesses that we'll acquire have to meet that 50+% free cash flow conversion unless there's some other compelling, you know, if we bought a 30+% margin business that was capital intensive and it was 40%, we'd be happy, okay? We expect cash flow generation to be good. Clearly, with the debt paydown, we're capital flush. That said, our biggest constraint on deploying capital has always been human capital to get the projects done. We did see a drop-off in our CapEx for this quarter.

Frankly, part of that was because in our original guidance, we had stuff for the containerboard business, which obviously, some of that we cut out because it didn't make sense for the new buyer and that kind of thing. That helped us redo it. We backed up strategically and said, let's look at our portfolio projects and prioritize things. We had some delays with deliveries on equipment and that kind of thing. We expect the proceeds of the two transactions to save us interest cost if we do no acquisitions next year of about $120 million. Part of that's related just to the timing of when we can pay taxes. We mentioned that we're doing the Cetera deal on October 1 for tax reasons.

That's because by moving it one day into that year, it saves us $13 million of tax permanently, saves us about $4 million on a timing of our payments element. There's actually some other tax savings in the future related to that. All that means we're going to have lots of capital available to deploy against high return organic CapEx projects. We've been exploring a lot of those along with our acquisition pipeline.

Speaker 5

Niko, let me just lay out the allocation priorities we have. Obviously, the first one is dividends, safety, and maintenance of our equipment. After that is debt paydown. Obviously, we're in a very good place now with our leverage. The significant last one is organic growth. As Larry mentioned, we have a solid pipeline of opportunities for organic growth that we're working on.

Speaker 0

Got it. Thank you very much. That was very helpful. Just following up maybe on the EBITDA guidance discussion, can you just help me frame how that top end is hit and if that's just better performance on the SG&A and cost tab, or is that maybe a volume return?

Speaker 2

You sort of broke up there, Niko. What was the question?

Speaker 0

Sorry, just on the high end of the EBITDA guidance.

Speaker 2

Yeah.

Speaker 0

Is reaching that more dependent on the SG&A and cost tab, or?

Speaker 2

No, it's pretty much locked. That range is really just dependent on volume of what happens in the month. I mean, it's a very tight range, obviously, and it's just giving us a range there for if volume's up or volume's down. That's really the only flux in there. There are minor other items, but that's the majority item.

Speaker 0

Got it. Thank you. I'll turn it over.

Speaker 3

Our next question will be coming from Ghansham Panjabi. Baird, your line is open.

Speaker 2

Yeah, hey guys, good morning. I guess going back to the question on capital allocation, Ole, as you think about the balance sheet you have and all the many decisions you've made in terms of portfolio adjustments the last few months, is increasing your exposure to perhaps more defensive end markets a strategic priority for you as you consider acquisitions, or how should we think about maybe are you looking at a different vertical as it relates to the portfolio, et cetera? Just give us a bit more from a strategic standpoint, your thoughts as it relates to that.

Speaker 5

I mean, as we laid out on Investor Day, we started off with the end markets. That's where we start looking. How big are the end markets? Which end markets are growing faster than GDP in general? Those are the ones I mentioned, the food and bev, chemical, the pharma, and so on. After that, we then look at what products are sold into those end markets that are part of our core business. That is our polymer-based containers and caps and closures. That's really where our focus is, because we have a legacy business in durable metals and so on. That's also core business, and we maintain that. Generally, that, as you know, is our cash cow. All the cash and the earnings we generate there, we invest in these growth markets.

Speaker 2

Okay, as it relates to guidance, just given there's so much going on with your divestitures and also you're changing the number of your fiscal year, et cetera, is it as simple as $730 million at the midpoint of guidance for EBITDA for 2025 for 11 months and then you would strip out the containerboard impact, which is $168 million, and then adjust obviously for 12 months? Is that how we should think about a baseline for the starting point for next year?

Speaker 1

Yeah, I think generally, I mean, obviously we've got our cost optimization, and we should realize $25 million or so in 2026. We already said we'd have run rate of $50 to $60 million coming out of next year. That's the other element that would go into it, Ghansham.

Speaker 2

Okay, perfect. Finally, as it relates to the operating environment, again, a lot of event-driven uncertainty with tariffs, etc. Is there any change that you see, plus or minus, as it relates to perhaps your view when you last reported as it relates to the operating environment as you jog through the various regions you're exposed to?

Speaker 5

If you mean in relation to tariffs, not really. The impacts that we see from tariffs are still well below $10 million. It's not material for us. Remember, we tend to, I mean, operating in 40 countries. We source locally, we manufacture locally, we sell locally. It's not really something that has an impact on us.

Speaker 2

In terms of the demand environment for your customers as it relates to tariffs, any change there, good or bad?

Speaker 5

It's a little bit harder. We don't really, we haven't really seen any changes yet, but obviously some of our large chemical customers, it's very clear that they are not doing so well, and that's something we're following very closely. I can say that, you know, if we look at the regions, North America and EMEA, they have remained soft, and we haven't really seen any significant change. The biggest change is really on polymers, and especially the chosen strategy we have, we see that, you know, that's where the growth has been. It clearly demonstrates that, you know, our strategy is the right one.

Speaker 2

Okay, thanks so much. Good luck in the quarter.

Speaker 5

Thanks, Dan. Thanks, Ghansham.

Speaker 3

Thank you. Our next question will be coming from Gabe Hodge of Wells Fargo. Gabe, your line is open.

the EMEA market demand for industrial packaging products, especially in metals and polymers?

Speaker 1

You're becoming a golfer with the Hodge name now.

Speaker 2

Appreciate it, Larry. I want to revisit the kind of starting point for 2026, and I recognize you're not giving 2026 guidance, but I thought the $730 million number, it technically includes another, I guess, $50 million from August and September in there. Really, we're kind of talking about a, like you said, a $218 million number or $220 million. $730 million less $220 million is a starting point, and then we've got to annualize it. Eleven months to twelve, is that correct?

Speaker 1

Yeah, that's correct. I missed that on Ghansham's question. You're right on that, Gabe.

Speaker 2

Okay. There are a lot of moving parts, so we're just trying to keep our bearings over here. The other one, a little late in the call, I think you guys had bought out, I saw in the cash flow statement, a minority or a non-controlling interest to the tune of $40 million. What was that?

Speaker 1

That was on our North American IBC recycling business that we had purchased three years ago. Is that right?

Speaker 5

Oh, four years ago.

Speaker 1

We bought out the remainder of it.

Speaker 5

Yeah, we owned 80% and we bought out the remaining 20%.

Speaker 2

Perfect. Last one for me, it seemed like at the Investor Day, the pipeline was pretty full on M&A, and I appreciate that these things can move around and you don't necessarily dictate when people are ready to sell. Can you talk about maybe just broadly the market for M&A and things that you're working on?

Speaker 5

I would say the same as we said last time. We have a very, very solid pipeline. We have talk-ins, we have larger ones, and we continue to be in close dialogue with the owners of all those businesses. We don't dictate when things are happening. We don't know that, but it's important that we stay close to it. The people we talk to and the companies we look at all fit our strategy. Just to remind you, it's within polymers, we are looking at businesses that at least generate 18% EBITDA margin and then have a 50% free cash flow conversion. They operate in these four growth segments that I mentioned earlier. When things come up, we obviously are ready to move, but at the moment, we're very pleased with where we are with the leverage that we have created.

Speaker 2

Okay, thank you.

Speaker 3

As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one-one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. Our next question will be coming from Matt Roberts of Raymond James. Your line is open, Matt.

Hey, Ole, Larry, Bill, good morning. You spent some time already talking about capital allocation, but maybe I'll try again. Given your leverage, at the land, you'd be at 1.2 times. I mean, that's well below the long-term 2 to 2.5 range. What is an upper leverage range you would be comfortable with following any potential deal? As you look at those target markets, whether that's pharma or other ones, how do asking multiples compare to prior deals you've done? Given where volumes are currently and the commitment to a billion in EBITDA in 2027, does that 1.2 leverage figure allow for a greater immediacy or appetite for a more transformative deal?

Speaker 1

Yeah, Ole obviously already has gone through the target markets that we're involved with in the M&A pipeline. That's where we're focused on that. We're not aware of any transformational deals on the market right now. We don't see anything that's a $3 billion deal or anything like that. In terms of our leverage ratio, we like to target in that two to two and a half times, but as we've shown previously, if we can find the right strategic fits in businesses that have the free cash flow generation that we look for, that allows us to pay down debt pretty rapidly. As you've seen, our debt ratios come from 3.6 to 3.1 in the three quarters this year. We address that leverage ratio pretty rapidly. If we'd be looking at it, we could do a $1 billion deal now and still be within our target ratio range.

You do a $2 billion, $3 billion deal and still be back in it very rapidly if we have businesses that meet the criteria we're looking at. We're only going to buy businesses that meet the criteria. It's really just going to be dependent on when things come to market. Are they a good strategic fit? We've said this before, but we've been down the aisle of marriage on deals a couple of times now. At the end, we ran away from the church because, as much as it looked attractive going in, we figured out the bride was pretty ugly at the end. We'll keep looking for the pretty bride.

Speaker 2

Very good, Larry. Appreciate the color there.

Speaker 1

I like the analogy.

Speaker 2

Great analogy. Switching gears, if you could stay on the same analogy, that'd be great. Fiber, you've seen a lot of moving pieces there. Containerboard coming out, land out, drums are now in this segment since you've resegmented. With the $218 million coming out from containerboard in 11 months, how should we think about what's remaining in that fiber business in 2026 in terms of margin or driving cost out of that business, recognizing there's still some price to flow through? Any color you could give there on that fiber for 2026.

Speaker 1

Yeah, I mean, I'll make a comment and then Ole can add on. One of the key tenets of our strategy that we've talked about before, but we haven't talked about today, is we want to be number one or two in a market. We are number one in fiber drums in the U.S., and we're number two in our URB business. We like those positions because it means you're a market leader on what's going on and not the back end of the tail of the dog like maybe we were in containerboard. We like the dynamics of the business. Right now, the demand on the fiber drum part is weak because of industrial. Anyway, that's a high-level thing on.

Speaker 5

Yeah, I can come up with an analogy like Larry. If you look at our URB business, we are clearly one of the leaders in that business, and we like that business. That's primarily in Welcome, North Carolina, but then we have our fiber drums as well. Our URB capacity right now is around 630 tons. We have some CRB capacity, 65 tons, but that's a swing mill that we can swing to URB. Our focus is really on URB where we are well integrated into our converting assets.

Speaker 2

Okay, thank you. That's all very helpful. Maybe if I could squeeze just one more in here. On the integrated solutions, margin came in lower in 3Q, volumes are still up. What drove the variance in margin quarter over quarter within that segment? What is expected on a go-forward basis to get that back above 20%? In that integrated solutions, I mean, you've discussed potential investments in closures as well. How do you think about maybe longer-term external sales impacting the longer-term growth rate in that integrated solutions business, if material at all? Thanks again for taking all the questions.

Speaker 1

Yeah, OCC was the big driver of the margin squeeze. As the paper industry has picked up a bit, obviously our recycled fiber business has been selling more, but we all know where OCC price and cost is. The big value to us of that business is having a secure supply chain of OCC, which you'll remember a number. It seems like ancient history now, but a number of years ago, everybody was struggling to find OCC. You want to make sure you have that to support the primary business. With respect to margins, one of the reasons that we really like caps and closures is it's one of our better margin businesses. Every target that we're looking at in caps and closures would significantly exceed the target levels that we talk about in our M&A strategy.

Speaker 2

All very helpful. Thank you again.

Speaker 3

I would now like to turn the conference back to Ole Rosgaard for closing remarks.

Speaker 5

Thank you, operator. Thank you again for all your thoughtful questions today. I want to leave you with this. Greif today is a fundamentally stronger, more focused, and more resilient company than ever before. We are simplifying our portfolio, strengthening our balance sheet, and unlocking significant efficiencies that will create durable shareholder returns. We are not waiting for the macroeconomic environments to improve. We are creating our own path forward with execution discipline, a bias for action, and a clear build-to-large strategy. As demand recovers, our sharpened portfolio and operating leverage will amplify results. We have line of sight to our 2027 commitments, and I'm confident that the actions we are taking now will position Greif to deliver outsized value for years to come. To put it simply, Greif is a company you can invest in with confidence. Thank you.

Speaker 3

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.