TransDigm Group - Q2 2024
May 7, 2024
Transcript
Operator (participant)
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to TransDigm Group Incorporated's second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during this session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would like now to turn the conference over to Jaimie Seaman, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Jaimie Seaman (Director of Investor Relations)
Thank you, and welcome to TransDigm's fiscal 2024 second quarter earnings conference call. Presenting on the call this morning are TransDigm's President and Chief Executive Officer, Kevin Stein; Co-Chief Operating Officer, Mike Lisman; and Chief Financial Officer, Sarah Wynne. Also present for the call today is our Co-Chief Operating Officer, Joel Reiss. Please visit our website at transdigm.com to obtain a supplemental slide deck and call replay information. Before we begin, the company would like to remind you that statements made during this call, which are not historical in fact, are forward-looking statements. For further information about important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the company's latest filings with the SEC, available through the investor section of our website or at sec.gov.
The company would also like to advise you that during the course of the call, we will be referring to EBITDA, specifically EBITDA as defined, adjusted net income, and adjusted earnings per share, all of which are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the tables and related footnotes in the earnings release for a presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP measure and applicable reconciliation. I will now turn the call over to Kevin.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Good morning, everyone. Thanks for calling in today. First, I'll start off with the usual quick overview of our strategy, a few comments about the quarter, and discuss our fiscal 2024 outlook. Then Mike and Sarah will give additional color on the quarter. To reiterate, we believe we are unique in the industry in both the consistency of our strategy, in both good times and bad, as well as our steady focus on intrinsic shareholder value creation through all phases of the aerospace cycle. To summarize, here are some of the reasons why we believe this. About 90% of our net sales are generated by unique proprietary products. Most of our EBITDA comes from aftermarket revenues, which generally have significantly higher margins and over any extended period, have typically provided relative stability in the downturns.
We follow a consistent long-term strategy, specifically: first, we own and operate proprietary aerospace businesses with significant aftermarket content. Second, we utilize a simple, well-proven, value-based operating methodology. Third, we have a decentralized organizational structure and unique compensation system closely aligned with shareholders. Fourth, we acquire businesses that fit this strategy and where we see a clear path to PE-like returns. And lastly, our capital structure and allocations are a key part of our value creation methodology. Our long-standing goal is to give our shareholders private equity-like returns with the liquidity of a public market. To do this, we stay focused on both the details of value creation as well as careful allocation of our capital. As you saw from our earnings release, we had a strong quarter. Our Q2 results ran ahead of our expectations, and we once again raised our guidance for the year.
Commercial aerospace market trends remain favorable as the industry continues to recover and progress towards normalization. Global air traffic has surpassed pre-pandemic levels, and demand for travel remains robust. Airline demand for new aircraft also remains high, and the OEMs are working to increase aircraft production. However, OEM aircraft production rates remain well below pre-pandemic levels. There is still much progress to be made for OEM rates and our results to continue to be adversely affected in comparison to pre-pandemic production levels. In our business during the quarter, we saw a healthy growth in our revenues and bookings for all three of our major market channels: commercial OEM, commercial aftermarket, and defense. Revenues and bookings also sequentially improved in all three of these market channels. Our EBITDA as defined margin of 53.2% in the quarter.
Contributing to this strong Q2 margin is the continued strength in our commercial aftermarket, along with diligent focus on our operating strategy, which is allowing margin performance to expand across all segments. Additionally, we had strong operating cash flow generation in Q2 of close to $230 million and ended the quarter with almost $4.3 billion of cash. We expect to steadily generate significant additional cash throughout the remainder of 2024. Next, an update on our capital allocation activities and priorities. Regarding the current M&A activities and pipeline, we continue to expect a fiscal year 2024 closure of the Electron Device Business of Communications & Power Industries, also known as CPI, which was announced on a prior earnings call. We continue to actively look for M&A opportunities that fit our model. As we look out over the next 12-18 months.
We continue to see an expanding pipeline of potential M&A targets. This remains a busy time, and we are actively expanding our M&A team to address these opportunities. As usual, the potential targets are mostly in the small and mid-size range. I cannot predict or comment on possible closings, but we remain confident that there is a long runway for acquisitions that fit our portfolio. Please see our 10-Q for more detail on some smaller but nicely accretive acquisitions that we recently closed. The capital allocation priorities at TransDigm are unchanged. Our first priority is to reinvest in our businesses. Second, do accretive discipline to M&A, and third, return capital to our shareholders via share buybacks or dividends. A fourth option, paying down debt, seems unlikely at this time, though we do still take this into consideration.
We are continually evaluating all of our capital allocation options, but both M&A and capital markets are difficult to predict. As always, we continue to closely monitor the capital markets and remain opportunistic. As mentioned earlier, we ended the quarter with a sizable cash balance of almost $4.3 billion, which includes the $2 billion of cash from new debt issued during our first quarter of fiscal 2024. That debt was proactively raised for the acquisition of CPI's electron device business and general corporate purposes. We have significant liquidity and financial flexibility to meet any likely range of capital requirements or other opportunities in the readily foreseeable future. Moving to our outlook for fiscal 2024.
As noted in our earnings release, we are increasing our full fiscal year 2024 sales and EBITDA as defined guidance to reflect our strong second quarter results and our current expectations for the remainder of the year. At the midpoint, sales guidance was raised $75 million, and EBITDA as defined guidance was raised $60 million. The guidance assumes no additional acquisitions or divestitures and is based on current expectations for continued performance in our primary commercial end markets throughout fiscal 2024. Our current guidance for fiscal 2024 is as follows, and can also be found on slide 6 in the presentation. Note that the pending acquisition of CPI's Electron Device Business is excluded from this guidance until acquisition close. The midpoint of our fiscal 2024 revenue guidance is now $7.74 billion, or up approximately 18%.
In regards to the market channel growth rate assumptions that this revenue guidance is based on, for the defense market, we are updating the full year growth rate assumptions as a result of our strong second quarter results and current expectations for the remainder of the year. For defense, we now expect revenue growth in the mid-teens % range. This is an increase from our previous guidance of high single-digit to low double-digit % range. We are not updating the full year market channel growth rate assumptions for commercial OEM and commercial aftermarket, as underlying market fundamentals have not meaningfully changed. Commercial OEM and commercial aftermarket revenue guidance is still based on our previously issued market channel growth rate assumptions. We expect commercial OEM revenue growth around 20% and commercial aftermarket revenue growth in the mid-teens % range.
The midpoint of our EBITDA as defined guidance is now $4.045 billion, or up approximately 19%, with an expected margin of around 52.3%. This guidance includes about 100 basis points of margin dilution from our recent Calspan acquisition. The midpoint of our adjusted EPS is increasing primarily due to the higher EBITDA as defined guidance, and is now anticipated to be $32.42, or up approximately 25% over prior year. Sarah will discuss in more detail shortly the factors impacting EPS, along with some other fiscal 2024 financial assumptions and updates. We believe we are well positioned for the second half of fiscal 2024. We'll continue to closely watch how the aerospace and capital markets continue to develop and react accordingly.
Let me conclude by stating that I'm very pleased with the company's performance this quarter and throughout the recovery for the commercial aerospace industry. We remain focused on our value drivers, cost structure, and operational excellence. Let me hand it over to Mike Lisman, our TransDigm Group Co-COO, to review our recent performance and a few other items.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Good morning, everyone. I'll start with our typical review of results by key market category. For the remainder of the call, I'll provide commentary on a pro forma basis compared to the prior year period in 2023. That is, assuming we own the same mix of businesses in both periods. In the commercial market, which typically makes up close to 65% of our revenue, we will split our discussion into OEM and aftermarket. Our total commercial OEM revenue increased approximately 21% in Q2 compared with the prior year period. Sequentially, total commercial OEM revenues grew by about 12% compared to Q1. Bookings in the quarter were strong compared to the same prior year period, and these booking levels continue to support the commercial OEM guidance for revenue growth of around 20% for fiscal 2024.
OEM supply chain and labor challenges persist, but appear to be progressing. Broadly speaking, we continue to be encouraged by the elevated and healthy airline demand for new aircraft... Supply chains remain the primary bottleneck in this OEM production ramp-up. As many of you know, concerns have recently arisen around the expected 737 MAX production rate ramp. Time will tell how this plays out. At this time, we remain cautious and are watching for a potential realignment of our current MAX order backlog to reflect the lower production rates. The commercial OEM guidance we are giving today contains an appropriate level of risk around the MAX production build rate for the balance of our 2024 fiscal year.
While both the 737 MAX risk, as well as other risks, remain towards achieving the ramp-up across the broader aerospace sector, we're optimistic that our operating units are well positioned to support the higher production rates as they occur. Now, moving on to our commercial aftermarket business discussion. Total commercial aftermarket revenue increased by approximately 8% compared with the prior year period. I would like to provide a bit more color than is typical on our commercial aftermarket submarkets, as the variation in growth rates seen this quarter across those submarkets was much larger than usual. The 8% growth rate mentioned was primarily driven by the continued strength in our passenger submarket, which is by far our largest submarket. Growth in our passenger submarket was roughly 20% versus the prior year period, and this submarket continues to perform exceptionally well.
We also saw good growth in our interior submarket of about this same rate when compared to prior year Q2. These increases were offset by declines in our freight and biz jet submarkets. Freight was down roughly 15%, and biz jet was down in the 5% area. The freight decline was primarily a result of the continued return of belly capacity, consistent with what we discussed on our past few earnings calls. The biz jet decline is a result of tempering biz jet flight activity, which has continued to come down from the pandemic highs. For the full year, and as you saw in today's guidance, our outlook for commercial aftermarket growth in the mid-teens% is unchanged. We saw a number of elements in our Q2 results that make us confident.
Mainly, Q2 bookings in commercial aftermarket were strong, running ahead of our expectations, significantly outpacing sales, and supporting the full year growth outlook. Additionally, our Q2 point of sales data through our distribution partners, which can be a decent leading indicator, was up significantly, well into the double digits on a percentage basis. Finally, a reminder, commercial aftermarket can be lumpy on a quarterly basis, both revenue and the bookings. Not as lumpy as defense aftermarket, but lumpy nonetheless. Finally, note that our guide for mid-teens % growth across our total commercial aftermarket given today still incorporates a continued drag from the cargo and biz jet submarkets for the balance of this fiscal year. Now, turning to broader market dynamics and referencing the most recent IATA traffic data for March.
Global revenue passenger miles surpassed pre-pandemic levels for the first time in February 2024 and continued to do so in March. March 2024 air traffic was about 1% above pre-pandemic, and IATA currently expects traffic to reach 104% of 2019 levels in 2024. Domestic travel continues to surpass pre-pandemic levels. In the most recently reported traffic data for March, global domestic air traffic was up 6% compared to pre-pandemic. Domestic air travel growth has been driven significantly by outsized growth in China, which was up 14% in March compared to pre-pandemic. This is a significant improvement from China being down 3% a year ago in March of 2023. Shifting over to the U.S. domestic market, domestic air travel for March was about 4% above pre-pandemic traffic.
International traffic has continued to make steady improvement over the past few months. It slightly surpassed pre-pandemic levels for the first time in February. In the most recently reported data for March, international travel was down just 2% compared to the pre-pandemic levels, and this marks a significant improvement from being down about 18% one year ago. In summary, for the commercial aftermarket, we continue to see growth in our passenger and interior submarkets, indicative of the continuing positive trends in the post-COVID passenger traffic recovery. Our biz jet and freight submarkets are as we'd expect in light of the current trends in their underlying markets. Now, shifting to our defense market, which traditionally is at or below 35% of our total revenue. The defense market revenue, which includes both OEM and aftermarket revenues, grew by approximately 21% compared with the prior year period.
Q2 defense revenue growth was well distributed across our businesses and customer base. Additionally, we saw similar rates of growth in both the OEM and aftermarket components of our total defense market, with aftermarket running slightly ahead of the OEM. We do not expect to see defense revenue growth rates at this 20% level, at this 20%+ level continuing for the balance of the year, and we expect some moderation or tempering here, as you can tell from the guidance given today. Defense bookings were up significantly this quarter compared to the same prior year period and support the revised defense revenue growth guidance for the full year. Additionally, this quarter, we saw growth in US government defense spend outlays, and we're hopeful we'll continue to see steady growth here. But as we have said many times before, defense sales and bookings can be lumpy.
We know the bookings and sales will come, but forecasting them with accuracy and precision, especially on a quarterly basis, is difficult. As Kevin mentioned earlier, we now expect our defense market revenue growth for this year to be in the mid-teens % range. This updated guidance for defense primarily reflects stronger than expected Q2 defense sales, as well as the good Q2 bookings. Lastly, I'd like to wrap up by expressing how pleased I am by our operational performance in the second quarter of fiscal 2024. Even though we saw some lumpiness in our most profitable end market, commercial aftermarkets, our operating unit teams did an exceptional job of executing on our value drivers that generate the strong results delivered this quarter. Our management teams remain committed to our consistent operating strategy and servicing the robust demand for our products as we continue through the balance of the year.
With that, I'd like to turn it over to our CFO, Sarah Wynne.
Sarah Wynne (CFO)
Thanks, Mike, and good morning, everyone. I'll recap the financial highlights for the second quarter and then provide some more information on the guidance update. First, on organic growth and liquidity. In the second quarter, our organic growth rate was 16.1%, and all market channels contributed to this growth, as Mike and Kevin have just discussed. On cash and liquidity, free cash flow, which we traditionally define as EBITDA less cash interest payments, CapEx, and cash taxes, was roughly $290 million for the quarter, coming in around $950 million on a year-to-date basis. As a reminder, our fiscal Q1 free cash flow was higher than average due to the timing of our interest and tax payments. For the full fiscal year, our free cash flow guidance is unchanged.
We continue to expect to generate free cash flow of approximately $2 billion in fiscal 2024. Below that free cash flow line, net working capital consumed $82 million, driven by AR, with the highest sales in the quarter and inventory as we support the second half of our year. We continue to expect our annual dollars invested in net working capital to moderate from the elevated levels we've seen over the prior two years, but pinpointing an exact dollar amount of investment for fiscal 2024 is difficult. We ended the quarter with approximately $4.3 billion of cash on the balance sheet, and our net debt to EBITDA ratio was 4.6 times, down from 5 times at the end of last quarter. As a reminder, approximately $1.4 billion of this cash is reserved for the anticipated closing of the CPI acquisition.
We continue to be comfortable operating in the 5-7 net debt/EBITDA ratio range, and while we are currently sitting slightly below the low end of this range, our go-forward strategy of capital deployment has not changed, and we continue to seek the best opportunities for providing value to our shareholders through our leverage strategy. Our EBITDA to interest expense coverage ratio ended the quarter at 3.4 times on a pro forma basis, which provides us with comfortable cushion versus our target range of 2-3 times. During the quarter, we completed a few financing objectives, including pushing out our nearer-term debt stacks, along with repricing approximately $6 billion of our term loan debt from SOFR + 3.25 to SOFR + 2.75. This financing activity effectively pushes out our nearest term maturity date by two fiscal years to fiscal 2028.
Our capital allocation strategy is always to both proactively and prudently manage our debt maturity stacks, and these actions accomplish that. The financing activities slightly reduced our interest expense for fiscal 2024, reducing expense by $12 million or $25 million on an annualized basis. However, as you'll note, our guidance for the interest expense has decreased by $60 million, primarily driven by the interest income we received year-to-date and project for 2024. We remain approximately 75% hedged on our total $22 billion gross debt balance through our fiscal 2026. This is achieved through a combination of fixed rate notes, interest rate caps, swaps, and collars. This continues to provide us adequate cushion against any rise in rates, at least in the immediate term.
With regards to guidance, as Kevin mentioned, we increased our midpoint sales and EBITDA by $75 million and $60 million, respectively, given the strong quarter and current expectations for the year, along with increasing our EBITDA margin guidance from 52%-52.3%. Our adjusted EPS guidance is now $32.42, compared to the prior guidance of $30.85. As we sit here today, from an overall cash, liquidity, and balance sheet standpoint, we think we remain in good position with adequate flexibility to do M&A or return cash to our shareholders via dividends or share repurchases. With that, I'll turn it back to the operator to kick off the Q&A.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. The first question comes from Myles Walton with Wolfe Research. Your line is open.
Myles Walton (Analyst)
Thanks. Good morning. Hey, Kevin, I was wondering if you could touch on the aftermarket growth rate in the quarter and the re-acceleration implied in the back half of the year, and in particular, if you can parse out the freighter complement to that. I think GE, on their call, actually raised their freighter outlook for the year on aftermarket. So I'm not trying to align two different data points, but just what you're seeing overall, and I know you said that the guidance incorporates drag for the rest of the year, but is it fair to think that that drag becomes less and less?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Sure, Myles, it's Mike. I'll take that one. Overall, with regard to commercial aftermarket, we had a very solid bookings quarter. We significantly outpaced sales in the segment commercial aftermarket overall, which sets us up well nicely for the back half and the mid-teens % growth for the year that we mentioned. Passenger and interior were both not ahead of our expectations. A bit more color on the freight point, and to address some of your questions there. We were down about 15%. That was about what, you know, we expected, maybe a little bit worse, and we had foreshadowed it, I think, on the last two calls.
I think as you guys know, we have about 3 op units that fall into that freight bucket and facilitate the movement of freight on aircraft, both full freighters, as well as the belly cargo systems. That sub-market, it's about, you know, ±, depending on the quarter, 15% or so of our commercial aftermarket bucket. We weigh a bit more towards freighter in that bucket, and I think as you guys know, within the freight market, there's been a trend away from freight being carried within full freighters and more towards the belly of the passenger capacity that's coming back into the market on passenger aircraft, the belly systems.
And we specifically, we've got a couple of op units that, as I said, they're a bit more freighter-weighted, and as that market has trended off and we've seen it shift more towards belly, they've seen a bit of a decline in some of their product sales. It tends to be stuff that's, you know, slightly lower margin for us, across our commercial aftermarket than the rest of that bucket, so there's not too much of a margin drag or impact as a result of it, but you see the sales decline, and that's part of what drove the 15% drop. For the balance of the year, we do see that continuing in the back half.
We factored that into our guidance, and we feel good about the whole mid-teens % rate growth, given the strength we've had in the bookings. But on the freight side, we do expect to see some continued headwinds here in the back half of the fiscal 2024 year.
Ken Herbert (Analyst)
Thanks for the color.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Robert Spingarn with Melius Research. Your line is open.
Robert Spingarn (Analyst)
Thank you. Hi, this is Scott Mikus for Robert Spingarn. Kevin, to follow up on Myles' question, airlines have been flagging elevated turnaround times in MRO shops, particularly for engines. So I'm just wondering, are any of your operating units getting the sense that volume growth on components for engines isn't as high as they would expect, just because throughput at the MRO shops isn't as fast as it was pre-COVID?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
It's Mike again. We have not really seen much of that, actually. I think we've seen pretty good strength across all of our different products, both on-engine and off-engine, across the commercial aftermarket at this point of the fiscal year.
Joel Reiss (Co-COO)
But I would say we probably have lower exposure to engine aftermarket, as a percentage of our business.
Robert Spingarn (Analyst)
Okay, got it. Then on the defense end market, historically, you've characterized it as a low single-digit organic grower. Armtec, Armtec has seen some large awards and contracts related to munitions and artillery. Army wants to increase 155 millimeter artillery production to 100,000 shells per month by late 2025. So how should we be thinking about the long-term growth trajectory for your defense sales going forward?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I think that you guys know we have an Analyst Day coming up in June, and we don't wanna go ahead and give long-term guidance by submarket outside of this year. We do feel good about the mid-teens % growth range this year for defense. We're seeing that strength across the OEM and aftermarket. It's pretty broadly distributed across all of our op units, but Armtec, in particular, has had some good flare shipments this year, as well as some ordnance product out of their California facility, which is the 155-millimeter program that you mentioned. That growth should continue for a couple years. You might have seen in some of the Department of Defense budget documents for the next two years or so.
So we remain optimistic about the growth outlook there, but it's not really driven by just one or two operating units. It's been pretty evenly distributed across our full group. As we said, we don't expect the defense growth of 20% or so that we've seen in the first half of this year to continue. There's just gotta be some moderation there. This is always lumpy. You know, fortunately for us, in the first half of this year, it's been lumpy to our benefit, probably a bit better than we expected, but we do expect some moderation as long term. It's not gonna grow anywhere close to 20%.
Robert Spingarn (Analyst)
Thanks for taking the questions.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. Next question comes from Ken Herbert with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Ken Herbert (Analyst)
Yeah. Hey, good morning, everybody.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Morning.
Joel Reiss (Co-COO)
Morning.
Ken Herbert (Analyst)
I wanted to see either Mike or Kevin, if you could drill down maybe somewhat on the defense commentary. I can appreciate the lumpiness, but is there anything in particular you saw in the first half, either things pulled to the left or sort of an acceleration in shipments that specifically gives you reason to be more cautious on the second half? I can appreciate the step down in guide probably reflects some conservatism to get to the full year growth. But just wondering if there's anything you'd call out relative to just a track record of lumpiness and conservatism as you think about the second half of the year?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
I think we always strive to be conservative in our guidance. We did bring obviously our guidance up, so for the year. But I take your point that on a quarter basis, that would imply we're going back down. It's difficult to predict. I think what we're seeing is finally the backlog, the demand that is clearly in the defense market space coming out. They're finally placing the orders for this product. We would anticipate that this will be a good tailwind for us, but it's hard, given the lack of visibility at times in the defense industry, to predict it so accurately. So we don't want to get out over our skis on really any of our submarkets. We choose to be a little bit more conservative as we break things up.
Ken Herbert (Analyst)
Appreciate that. If I could then, Kevin, maybe one other way to think about it is how much of your defense aftermarket, in particular, would you classify as short cycle versus sort of backlog driven?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
I think defense aftermarket tends to be different than commercial aftermarket. It can be longer cycle, but there's still drop-ins that happen everywhere.
Ken Herbert (Analyst)
Perfect. Thanks for the color. Nice quarter.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Thank you.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. Next question comes from David Strauss with Barclays. Your line is open.
Josh Korn (Analyst)
Hi, good morning. This is Josh Korn on for David. I wanted to ask in the guidance, why would EBITDA margins in the second half drop from Q2 on what appears like it would be a similar mix to the second quarter? Thanks.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
I think we're comfortable. You know, we don't want to get into giving quarterly guidance on these things. You know, we're comfortable for the year at where we sit. Yeah, business can be lumpy. We were pleasantly surprised by the, you know, the EBITDA this quarter. We're not positive how the future quarters will unfold but again, our goal is to be conservative. So, that is our forecast for now that we're sticking with.
Josh Korn (Analyst)
Okay, thanks. And then, and then I just wanted to follow up on the first question about sequential aftermarket in the second half. Are you baking in any sequential improvement, or is it just easier comps in Q3 and Q4?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I think we, you know, we don't tend to give quarterly guidance by end market, but I think as you guys know, if you look at how we did in the first half in commercial aftermarket, what's implied for the second half, you'd expect probably, you know, Q4 to be the highest and some ramp-up as we proceed through the balance of the year on the commercial aftermarket.
Josh Korn (Analyst)
Okay, thank you.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Scott Deuschle with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.
Scott Deuschle (Analyst)
Hey, good morning.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Morning.
Scott Deuschle (Analyst)
Kevin, just on M&A, is your optimism on the pipeline more about the next 12-18 months, or are you still optimistic about the pipeline for the second half of this year, specifically?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
I'm optimistic about the future. It's difficult for me to unpack it into quarterly buckets. I remain optimistic about what the future holds for M&A. Our M&A tracker that I follow constantly, it has the most names. It's the busiest we've probably ever been in M&A. Again, it doesn't tell you what's going to close. We remain very picky in the businesses that we choose, and we will continue to do that. We have a lot of activity in the small and medium size. You know, we announced two in our 10-Q today that you know are smaller sized businesses, but nicely accretive, as I said in my opening comments. There's a lot going on out there. We're very busy.
Scott Deuschle (Analyst)
Great, thank you. Then, Mike, you're seeing really good leverage on gross margins, but SG&A has been growing. It looks like a bit faster than sales, at least over the last few quarters. I'm curious if you could talk a bit about what's driving that SG&A expense growth to outstrip sales, and then when we should expect to see better operating leverage on that line specifically. Thanks.
Sarah Wynne (CFO)
Yeah, I, I can speak to that one. A large portion of what you see, some of that increase on the non-cash comp, that plays into it. When you look at actually just the raw sales, which you'll see in the quarterly, when it's published later today, you'll see the actual is going down.
Scott Deuschle (Analyst)
Great, thank you.
Operator (participant)
Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Gautam Khanna with TD Cowen. Your line is open.
Gautam Khanna (Analyst)
Hey, good morning, guys.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Morning.
Gautam Khanna (Analyst)
I was wondering if you could expand upon your comments in the prepared remarks about differences in the distribution channel versus what you're seeing direct. So maybe if you could just tell us a little more, where you're seeing better sell through and if that's applying to the freighter market or not yet, et cetera.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
The two don't always perfectly correlate in terms of what we see through our POS with our distributors and then what we do directly.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
.What goes through distribution now, it bounces around a little bit, but, it's about 20%-25% or so of our CAM sales. And it's a decent leading indicator, usually, of future orders that will come, obviously, because the distributors sell out their inventory that they hold on our behalf so that we can get product quickly to customers, then we gotta replenish it. So the sales come eventually to replenish the sales they see, but they, on a quarterly basis, don't always move exactly in the right direction. But over time, POS tends to be a pretty decent leading indicator of where the full commercial aftermarket's heading, and that's what gives us, you know, as we said in the remarks, some confidence today as we look out, look out where commercial aftermarket's likely to go for the balance of the year.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Can you comment on biz jet, HELO, and freighter specifically? Do you think we're in the early innings of that business declining? Or you know, what's your expectation for when that might actually turn positive again in the aftermarket?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
It's hard to say. I think it's hard to say. It depends where the freighter market goes. But generally, you know, with the belly capacity having come back, you'd expect 2024 to be the year where we take it most of the decline on the full freighter business. We saw a great run up during COVID on the freighters, and now the market's just sort of correcting back to the 2019 levels in terms of what goes via full freighter and what goes via belly. So 2024 is gonna be probably the biggest year where that correction occurs.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Thanks, guys.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Peter Arment with Baird. Your line is open.
Peter Arment (Analyst)
Yeah, good morning, everyone. Nice results. Hey, I wanted to.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Hey, Pete.
Peter Arment (Analyst)
Circle back on Joel, you gave some comments about just some of the how some of the passenger travel markets were doing, you talked about China. Could you maybe talk about maybe just if you could call out if what you're seeing from an aftermarket perspective on a regional basis or any color that, you know, international versus domestic, if you're seeing any big differences?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
We don't get great split outs by region when it comes to our commercial aftermarket sales. A lot of, you know, the IATA data we reference basically supports the highest growth rates being in China and Asia. A lot of that would go via our distributors. We don't get great visibility into it. We're, of course, benefiting from it. I think you see that in the bookings strength we have, but we don't get great data by region.
Peter Arment (Analyst)
Okay. Well, that's helpful. Just was curious. And then just, could you give us an update just on, you know, what you're seeing in the supply chain? Obviously, it's been, you know, something that has slowly improved, but it's always whack-a-mole, I assume, and just any color on what you're seeing the latest on the supply chain.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I'd say it continues to get better, not back to where it was in 2019 yet, but better than where it was 12 months ago, 24 months ago. Continue to have issues with items like certain electronics, castings, certain chemicals or materials, but continued progress.
Peter Arment (Analyst)
Appreciate the color. Thanks, guys. I'll, I'll stick to one. Thanks.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Robert Stallard with Vertical Research. Your line is open.
Robert Stallard (Analyst)
Thanks so much. Good morning.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Morning.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Morning.
Robert Stallard (Analyst)
This might be for Kevin. Your comments on the Boeing situation on commercial OEM necessarily different from what you said three months ago. I was wondering if you did actually reduce your Boeing expectations this quarter, and if you did, are they being offset? They must be offset by something else, right?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I'll take that one, Rob. I think the, you know, the commercial OEM, our first half ran a little bit better than the full year guidance. It's something like +23%. I think we're cautious on the outlook here in commercial OEM overall, and the OEM forecast incorporates an appropriate level of risk around a potential Boeing rate change. Our forecast, as a reminder, and I think as you, as you know, it's a bottoms-up forecast from our op units based on what they're seeing, what they're hearing from their op units. It's not a corporate top-down mandate on, hey, the build rate you should assume for MAX is, say, 38 or so. It's a bottom-up build based on what they're, they're seeing at their specific op unit.
As a reminder, a lot of our content on those aircraft doesn't go direct to Boeing. It often goes into sub-tiers, just given the nature of the components we're selling, who could be taking actions independently based on what they're seeing, hearing, as well. But in a nutshell, we feel good about the guide for the year of around 20%, and any potential reductions we've baked into the guidance we're giving today for the year.
Robert Stallard (Analyst)
Okay. And then, as a follow-up,
Kevin Stein (CEO)
I think it's also fair to.
Robert Stallard (Analyst)
Sorry.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I think it's also fair to say that Airbus is continuing to do better, so you know, that's going to continue to backfill some of the possible hole created by Boeing in the short term.
Robert Stallard (Analyst)
Yeah. And then just as a follow-up, Kevin, on your comment on your M&A tracker and it being as busy as you can remember, what do you think is driving that? And is there any sort of change, given the amount of target, any change to the pricing that you're seeing being discussed?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Yeah, I wish I knew that. It would help me when things slow down to better understand. It just seems to be a busy time right now, whether that's, you know, expectations around the market segment. I don't know, and it's difficult for me to speculate. It's just a busier time. We haven't changed our standards or our expectations at all. We still view businesses the same way we have since the beginning. So, you know, you can only swing at the pitches that get thrown, as Nick used to say years ago, and that's still true today.
Robert Stallard (Analyst)
Okay, that's great. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Noah Poponak with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.
Noah Poponak (Analyst)
Hey, good morning, everyone.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Morning.
Sheila Kahyaoglu (Analyst)
Morning.
Noah Poponak (Analyst)
I was curious if you could help me better understand, if you are assuming that freight is a drag inside of the aerospace aftermarket in the back half, how does the total aftermarket growth rate accelerate in the back half? Is biz jet and helicopter on the passenger side, faster growth in the back half, or is it just the compares or something else?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I think I'll take a stab at it, Noah, and hopefully it addresses what you're trying to get at. We've seen really strong growth in the passenger, and we see that continuing based on bookings in the back half of the year. Freight, we've continued to see a bit of softness on the booking side there, which is how we know in the second half that we're likely to see some continued, slight decline there. Biz jet, thus far this year, was up a bit, I think, in Q1. Q2 was down a bit. For the year, it's about, flattish. You know, we expect to see something like that, maybe a little bit better, in the back half. But really what's driving the commercial aftermarket overall is the continued strength in passenger and interior.
That is the vast majority, when you lump those two buckets together, of that commercial aftermarket bucket, and we're seeing really good strength there, that's covering up some of the weakness elsewhere as we look out for the last six months.
Noah Poponak (Analyst)
Okay. Yeah, I guess it, it sounds like you're qualitatively, directionally saying you expect passenger and freight to do something similar in 3Q and 4Q as they did in 2Q, but, but for the aggregate segment or end market growth rate to accelerate, somewhat significantly. But I guess if passenger's a little better, freight's a little better, and the compares are easier, that maybe that gets you there.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I think that's right. Yes.
Noah Poponak (Analyst)
Okay. Did the rate of change in price change very much in the aftermarket in the second quarter?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Not appreciably, no. I think we always, as you guys know, we seek to price slightly ahead of inflation, and that's unchanged this quarter. Same expectation as we always have for our operating units and what the teams look to execute on.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
But I think we don't spend enough time talking about or emphasizing the gains we've made in productivity. You know, we are down thousands of heads compared to where we were at very much comparable volumes or approaching comparable volumes. That's real productivity, as we have been reluctant to add back and driving engineering productivity projects in our facilities. That is clearly having an impact on our EBITDA.
Noah Poponak (Analyst)
Yeah, you can definitely see that in the margins. Okay. Kevin, you mentioned adding people to the M&A team. Can you quantify that? Like, how many people relative to the base, or what kind of percentage increase you're making? Just curious there.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Yeah, I don't. We're looking to add 1 or 2 more folks to our M&A team. We are seeing a lot of really interesting smaller-sized deals, and small deals take as much time to go through as bigger ones. So we need some more help to go through that. So, you know, hopefully, this will produce some more opportunity for us as we're seeing things come across our desks that we haven't seen before.
Noah Poponak (Analyst)
Okay. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Sheila Kahyaoglu with Jefferies. Your line is open.
Sheila Kahyaoglu (Analyst)
Good morning, guys, and thank you. First, I wanted to tee up another aftermarket question. It's been asked several ways, but up 8, if we take out freight, which is 15% of your aftermarket, just an assumption there, that's 2 points of a headwind. How do we think about, you know, where peers were averaging about 15% on the quarter and you guys at 10, you know, and you having more price power, you know, how do we think about what held aftermarket back outside of freight and biz jet?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
You know, I think on a quarterly basis, you can always see a little bit of lumpiness, as we said here before. I'm not sure exactly to follow the math on the 2%, drag. But, you know, as we said today, we saw really strong bookings across our full business. It can be lumpy. We feel really good about the outlook for the full year, with the mid-teens % growth there.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Yeah, I mean, we sequentially booked more in the aftermarket. We're seeing robust bookings in aftermarket on the commercial side. I, I think we feel optimistic, right?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
That's right, yes.
Sheila Kahyaoglu (Analyst)
Okay, great. And then, Kevin, I had to buy myself some time to do that math on the headcount productivity you just gave us. So I think headcount is 15% below 2019 levels, while sales are up significantly above 2019. So with that productivity benefit in mind, how do we think about EBITDA margins decelerating 100 dips half-over-half in the second half?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
.Yeah, I take your point. Again, we hopefully aim to be conservative in our forecasting. You know, we're trying to stick to our yearly forecast on EBITDA. We had a very strong Q2. We'll see how the back half of the year unfolds. We certainly don't have any large negatives that we're aware of, so I think it's just our standard conservatism. We don't have any concerning trends that we're trying to, you know, peanut butter over here or anything. This is a strong bookings across all of our segments and really a good tailwind both on the OEM, commercial OEM, commercial aftermarket, and clearly on the defense side. We remain optimistic.
Sheila Kahyaoglu (Analyst)
Great. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. Next question comes from Kristine Liwag with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.
Kristine Liwag (Analyst)
Hey, morning, everyone. Kevin, you know, in previous investor days, you've talked about how TransDigm had about 400,000, excuse me, 400,000 PMA SKUs, and I think there was a point in time you were averaging something like 20,000 new SKUs per year. I guess, you know, this has been a few years ago since you, you've disclosed this. I was wondering if you could size PMA today as a % of your portfolio, and also in an environment where the supply chain is still struggling and, and you're clearly able to produce parts, can you provide more color on, you know, where that is, that market, and how attractive you think it is?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Yeah, I think we can give more update and color on this topic at our investor day coming up, at the end of June. But just from a top level, we don't consider PMAs to be a significant impactor of our business. We have somewhere around 500,000 part numbers that we sell across commercial and defense. We do monitor it regularly. We are the largest creator of PMA parts, in our, space that we sell into, on our products. That's how you sell into the aftermarket. So I think the, you know, it's much similar situation to what we've seen in the past. You know, the opportunities exist for us to, you know, replace other struggling suppliers. We certainly see that.
We, you know, again, PMA and used and serviceable materials aren't a significant impactor to our business on a regular day-to-day basis. It doesn't mean that there aren't some parts that are more impacted, but on a go-forward basis, you know, it's a very, very small, you know, leak in our business, if you will.
Kristine Liwag (Analyst)
Thanks, Kevin. And Sarah, if I could follow up on leverage. I mean, you guys are clearly investing in your M&A team with the headcount add, but if there are no incremental deals to fund in the near and medium term, how do you think about the split between paying a special dividend versus doing more share buybacks?
Sarah Wynne (CFO)
Yeah, I mean, obviously, we look at both of those. Obviously, first and foremost is to invest the capital in our businesses and do M&A, and then we look at those two, and we look at them all the time. And obviously, we're sitting on plenty of cash, as you know, so at some point in the future, we'll look to make a decision on which one makes sense and what best to do with the cash.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
You know, to add to that, I think we just, you know, we paid a dividend in Q1. I think we'll be able to make a decision in Q4, probably this year, about, you know, our plans.
Kristine Liwag (Analyst)
Great. Thank you very much, guys.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Sure. Thanks.
Operator (participant)
One moment for the next question. The next question comes from Michael Leshock with KeyBank. Your line is now open.
Michael Leshock (Analyst)
Hey, good morning.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Morning.
Michael Leshock (Analyst)
I think you had previously alluded to volume growth within aftermarket in 2025, if we look ahead a bit further. Is, is that still your view, and is, is there anything you could call out that needs to happen to meet the strong demand within aftermarket that we're seeing and continue to grow volumes, just given some of the constraints that we're seeing out there right now?
Kevin Stein (CEO)
Sorry, is the question about whether 2025 commercial aftermarket volume growth will continue?
Michael Leshock (Analyst)
Yep, that's right.
Kevin Stein (CEO)
I think generally, as you look at the forecast from IATA, the investment bank forecasts that are out there, generally, folks are expecting RPMs and takeoffs and landings to continue to tick up next year. That said, it's at a moderating pace relative to what it's been in the past couple of years as we come out of COVID. So there's still growth, but maybe not quite as high as it was in, say, 2022. We've already seen some of that moderation. But yes, of course, if you look at IATA forecasts, other forecasts, the world's flying a lot. People continue to fly. That's reflected in takeoffs and landings and expected RPM growth. So we'd very much expect, as a result of that, continued volume growth in commercial aftermarket.
Michael Leshock (Analyst)
Just on capital allocation, on your priority of reinvesting in the business, could you talk to what areas of the business you expect to invest the most or anything you're targeting, whether it be bottlenecks or, just any way to frame the organic investments you're making? Thanks.
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
Yeah, the biggest investment and use of our capital has been. To the productivity comment Kevin made earlier, it's automation projects. We have said, as we said before, when we were in the depths of COVID, we'll not add costs back ratably as we come out of it, and we haven't done that. That's reflected in the headcount we have today. And the operating unit teams have done an exceptional job of finding good automation projects, whether it's cobots or material movers or new machining centers, to basically increase the amount of automation in their facilities and reduce the headcount, reduce the cost footprint. That's why you're seeing the better margins that we delivered this quarter.
Peter Osterland (Analyst)
Thanks, guys.
Operator (participant)
Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Peter Osterland with Truist Securities. Your line is open.
Peter Osterland (Analyst)
Hey, good morning. I'm on for Mike Ciarmoli. Thanks for taking our questions. I just had a follow-up on the question on Boeing production expectations. Appreciate the color you gave on the bottoms-up approach to your forecast. But could you share any specifics on what monthly rate you would estimate you are currently producing to for the MAX on average? And just directionally, what assumptions are embedded in your guidance there for the balance of the year?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
I think it varies a lot op unit by op unit based on the demand they're seeing from their customers. Obviously, sometimes that's sub-tiers, as we said, so it's hard to go and back calculate it to some kind of rate. You know, it's. I'd expect it's something around 38, maybe a little bit less, but it's hard to say through some kind of averaging exactly what it is across the range.
Peter Osterland (Analyst)
Okay, understood. And then, just as a follow-up, has the uncertainty around OEM production and some of the delayed deliveries we've heard about showed up in any meaningful way in your bookings? Have you seen any shifts in the bookings environment between commercial OEM and aftermarket?
Michael Lisman (Co-COO)
No. Continued good strength that supports the guidance on both.
Peter Osterland (Analyst)
Right. Appreciate it. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
I show no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Jaimie for closing remarks.
Jaimie Seaman (Director of Investor Relations)
Thank you all for joining us today. This concludes the call. We appreciate your time, and have a good rest of your day.
