Union Pacific - Earnings Call - Q2 2025
July 24, 2025
Executive Summary
- Q2 2025 delivered record freight revenue and operating income; adjusted EPS of $3.03 was above the Street, while total revenue was roughly in line given lower fuel surcharges and other revenue softness.
- EPS beat vs S&P Global consensus by $0.12; revenue was modestly below consensus by ~$0.01B; adjusted OR improved 230 bps YoY to 58.1%, signaling continued efficiency gains.
- Management reaffirmed 2025 outlook (pricing accretive to OR; EPS growth consistent with high-single to low-double digit CAGR target) and announced a 3% dividend increase for Q3 2025, with capital plan of $3.4B and 2025 buybacks of $4.0–$4.5B maintained.
- Operational KPIs reached or approached records (velocity +10%, train length ~9,689 ft, workforce productivity +9%); coal surged on favorable nat gas prices and LCRA contract win, offsetting intermodal headwinds.
- Potential stock catalyst: CEO disclosed advanced discussions with Norfolk Southern regarding a possible business combination; no further details provided and no Q&A on the topic.
What Went Well and What Went Wrong
What Went Well
- Record freight revenue and operating income with adjusted OR 58.1% (−230 bps YoY) driven by volume growth, core pricing, and productivity; “We are delivering on our strategy… safety, service, and operational excellence” — CEO Jim Vena.
- Operational execution: freight car velocity +10% to 221 miles/day; train length near 9,700 ft; workforce productivity +9% — “momentum… enabling growth” — EVP Ops Eric Gehringer.
- Segment strength: Bulk +10% revenue (coal +38% YoY; grain exports to Gulf/Mexico), Industrial +4% revenue on chemicals/metals; “price dollars net of inflation accretive to OR for the third consecutive quarter” — CFO Jennifer Hamann.
What Went Wrong
- Other revenue −16% YoY on lapping prior intermodal equipment sale and metro transfer; lower accessorial and subsidiary revenues weighed on the top line.
- Premium down 4% revenue as intermodal ARPC fell on mix and lower fuel surcharge; Automotive volumes declined on reduced OEM production.
- Management flagged challenging 2H intermodal comps and expects sequential volume declines through Q3; other income expected to look more like Q1 (lower than Q2).
Transcript
Operator (participant)
Greetings and welcome to the Union Pacific's second quarter 2025 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone today should require operator assistance, please press star zero from your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded, and the slides for today's presentation are available on Union Pacific's website. It's now my pleasure to introduce your host, Mr. Jim Vena, Chief Executive Officer for Union Pacific. Thank you, Mr. Vena. You may now begin your presentation.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thanks, Rob, and thanks everyone for joining us this morning. Another beautiful day in Omaha. A little bit of thunderstorms last night, but the skies are clear this morning and a wonderful day to be railroading. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today for Union Pacific's second quarter 2025 earnings call. I'm joined in Omaha by our Chief Financial Officer, Jennifer Hamann, our Executive Vice President of Marketing and Sales, Kenny Rocker, and our Executive Vice President of Operations, Eric Gehringer. As you'll hear from the team this morning, we are delivering on our strategy, and our results demonstrate our commitment to leading the industry as we set new standards for safety, service, and operational excellence. Now, if we turn over to slide three, this morning, Union Pacific reported 2025 second quarter earnings per share of $3.15.
We had two unusual and offsetting items in the second quarter: a deferred tax benefit and a labor expense for a crew ratification agreement, both of which Jennifer will discuss in more detail. Excluding those items, our adjusted earnings per share is $3.03, up 12% versus last year's adjusted results. Volume growth, core pricing gains, and productivity improvements drove the solid results in the quarter. Our adjusted second quarter operating ratio was 58.1%, improving 230 basis points versus last year's adjusted results. Freight revenue, excluding fuel surcharge, grew 6% in the second quarter, setting best-ever quarterly and year-to-date records in 2025. In addition, we set quarterly records in both quarters for workforce productivity, with second quarter ranking as the best ever. Importantly, we efficiently handled the first-half volume growth while also improving our safety and service performance.
I'm very comfortable with where we are and pleased with the level of execution I see across the company. Next, the team will walk you through the quarter in more detail, and then I'll come back and wrap it up before we go to Q&A. With that, Jennifer, second quarter results.
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
All right. Thank you, Jim, and good morning, everyone. I'll start with a walkdown of our second quarter income statement on slide five, with operating revenue of $6.2 billion. Improved 2% versus last year, while freight revenue of $5.8 billion set a second quarter record and increased 4%. Breaking down the drivers of freight revenue, volume growth in the quarter added 375 basis points. Fuel surcharge revenue of $569 million declined $100 million, or 225 basis points, as lower year-over-year fuel prices reduced our freight revenues. Price, combined with mix, for a 200 basis point benefit to freight revenue versus last year, as strong core pricing dollars more than offset the continued business mix impact. We are disciplined in our pricing, supported by a strong service product, and for the third consecutive quarter, yielded price dollars net of inflation that were accretive to our operating ratio.
Wrapping up the top line, other revenue declined 16% to $311 million. Included in the year-over-year change are the items that we've discussed previously: last year's intermodal equipment sale and the metro transfer. Also impacting other revenue in the quarter were lower access oil and subsidiary revenues. Switching to expenses, our appendix slides provide some more detail, but I'll walk through the highlights as operating expense increased only 1% to $3.6 billion against a 4% increase in quarterly volume. Looking closer at the expense lines, compensation and benefits increased 5%, driven by the break person buyout agreement of $55 million. This is the third and final break person agreement, further enabling more efficient car handling. When you adjust for the break person agreement, quarterly compensation and benefits expense increased 1%, while our cost per employee increased 3.5%.
These results demonstrate how a 3% lower workforce level and strong productivity almost entirely offset the impact of wage inflation. We would expect a similar level of increase in compensation per employee for the full year as we continue to leverage process improvements and technology to offset wage increases. Additionally, in the quarter, we transferred close to 250 employees to metro, completing the majority of the transfers we began in the second quarter of 2024. Fuel expense declined 8% on an 11% decrease in fuel prices from $2.73 to $2.42 per gallon. Our fuel consumption rate improved 2% and set a second quarter record. Ongoing benefits from our fuel and locomotive initiatives, coupled with running a more fuel-efficient business mix, drove the improvement. Equipment and other rents increased 5%, driven by lower equity income and our business mix. Finally, other expense improved 5% versus last year.
Lower casualty, including environmental costs, more than offset last year's $46 million gain from the intermodal equipment sale. Our reported operating income grew to $2.5 billion, a second quarter record. Income tax expense improved 14% as the state tax legislation change provided a one-time deferred tax benefit of $115 million, more than offsetting the tax increase from higher income. Our reported net income totaled $1.9 billion, and earnings per share was $3.15. Excluding those unusual items in the quarter, adjusted earnings per share was $3.03. Our adjusted operating ratio came in at 58.1%, reflecting the 90 basis point impact of the break person agreement. Overall, a very strong quarterly performance by the team, executing on all elements of our strategy and demonstrating what's possible from the Union Pacific franchise.
Turning to shareholder returns in the balance sheet on slide six, our second quarter cash from operations totaled $4.5 billion, up more than $500 million versus last year. Through the second quarter, we've returned $4.3 billion to our shareholders through a combination of share repurchases and dividends. In keeping with our investor day commitments, we announced a 3% dividend increase last week. This marks the 19th consecutive year of annual increases. Our adjusted debt to EBITDA ratio finished the quarter at 2.8 times, and we remain A-rated by our three credit rating agencies. Looking out to the remainder of 2025 on slide seven, we expect third quarter other revenue to be in line with our second quarter result due to continued softness in the autos market and lower assets. Additionally, other income will look more like first quarter results as a result of lower expected real estate gains.
For volume, everyone recalls the benefit that we experienced in the second half of 2024 from the surging international intermodal flows through the West Coast ports. Month to date in July, we are seeing the impact of the tariff pause as reflected in the current volume surge. Similar to last year, we're seamlessly handling this volume, although we do expect volume to moderate to the point of sequential declines through the quarter. On the flip side, our diverse franchises provide numerous growth opportunities, which Kenny will discuss a bit later. Operationally, we plan to stay the course and keep driving improvement, working safely, controlling our costs, providing good service, and seeking out price opportunities that reflect the value of that service product. Our second quarter results support our conviction in the three-year targets introduced last September.
Specific to 2025, EPS growth will be consistent with attaining our three-year EPS cage review of high single to low double-digit growth. Further, we reaffirm our view on accretive pricing, industry-leading operating ratio, and ROIC. Of course, our capital deployment strategy is unchanged. The team is confident, energized, and ready to deliver value for our stakeholders. With that, I'm going to turn it over to Kenny to provide more details on the business.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Thank you, Jennifer, and good morning. We delivered a solid second quarter. Freight revenue totaled $5.8 billion, which was up 6% excluding fuel surcharges, driven by strong core pricing gains and increased volume. Confident in the strength of our service product, the team remains bullish on our pricing strategy, and this approach continues to deliver positive results. Let's jump right in and talk about the key drivers for each of these business groups. Starting with our bulk segment, revenue for the quarter was up 10% compared to last year, with an 11% increase in volume, while lower fuel surcharge and business mix resulted in a slight decrease in average revenue per car. Strength in coal was driven by strong customer demand due to favorable natural gas pricing and the start of Lower Colorado River Authority shipments.
Softer domestic grain demand was more than offset by strength in export shipments to the Gulf and Mexico, resulting in double-digit growth. Grain products volume was also up for the quarter, which continues to be driven by new soybean crush production in Nebraska and Kansas. Turning to industrial, revenue was up 4% for the quarter on a 3% increase in volume and a 2% increase in average revenue per carload. Strong core pricing gains were partially offset by business mix and lower fuel surcharges. Rock shipments remained solid this quarter, driven by strong customer demand and favorable weather conditions compared to last year. An increased shipment of industrial chemicals was partially offset by continued softness in our forest products market.
Premium revenue for the quarter was down 4% on a 1% increase in volume and a 4% decrease in average revenue per car, reflecting the mixed impact of increased international intermodal shipments and lower fuel surcharges. Intermodal volumes continued to show year-over-year growth as our business development efforts offset market uncertainty and soar consumer spending. Automotive volumes were down based on reduced OEM production. Turning to slide 10, despite the challenging market outlook, our hustle mindset and continued focus on business development gives us the edge to outperform. Starting with bulk, we expect coal volumes to significantly exceed last year's levels, driven by current forecasts on natural gas prices through the remainder of 2025 and the new volume with Lower Colorado River Authority.
Grain had a strong first half of the year, and while we are still a couple months from fall harvest, the 2025 crop looks favorable, and we are working to finalize customer demand. We're evaluating competitive risk to the fourth quarter exports. As it relates to grain products, our intense business development focus will offset policy-related uncertainty in renewable fuels and associated feedstocks. Moving to industrial, our strong investments in our Gulf Coast franchise continue to help us win in the petrochemical markets. For example, we are proud to serve Dow's new expansion in Freeport, Texas, which began operations last month. We anticipate stable performance in the metals and minerals markets. Tariff activity continues to impact metals shipments, but this is balanced by continued strength in construction, specifically in the south. With our exceptional service, we're well positioned to capture that demand.
Additionally, we anticipate petroleum volumes to remain challenged due to business shifts and our commitment to balance volume at the right margin. Wrapping up with premium, as Jennifer indicated, strong comparisons and port shifts will challenge international and domestic intermodal volumes. We saw an uptick in automotive volumes at the end of the second quarter, and we recently converted new auto parts volume originating from Mexico. That said, softer vehicle sales are a concern. While we remain mindful of external pressures, including potential tariff implications that could influence consumer behavior, we're focused on the strengths within our control, and I am confident we'll win in the marketplace. That confidence is reinforced by the investments we're making to expand our capabilities and our footprint. Just last week, we opened our new Kansas City intermodal terminal, our fourth new intermodal terminal in the past few years.
Since 2020, we've invested over $1.4 billion to support growth and expansion in our intermodal business. Our focus extends beyond premium. The industrial development team is actively driving carload growth, managing nearly 400 projects that are opening new doors for us. As we move into the second half of the year, I'm encouraged by our dynamic service and adaptability of our team. What truly sets us apart is our relentless ability to rise to any challenge. From unexpected international intermodal volume to surges in coal, we've proven we will deliver. Our commercial and operations teams are working together to unlock growth in unexpected areas. We don't wait for opportunities; we create them, turning momentum into impact and driving results that matter. With that, I'll turn it over to Eric to review our operational performance.
Eric Gehringer (EVP of Operations)
Thank you, Kenny, and good morning. The team delivered another strong operating performance in the second quarter, demonstrating exceptional results behind our strategy of safety, service, and operational excellence. Our agility was once again on full display as we effectively handled a 30% surge in coal and renewable shipments, all while providing the service we sold to our customers. Ultimately, it is another proof statement highlighting our robust and reliable service product, which is imperative as we strive to grow with our existing customers and unlock new markets. Moving to key performance metrics on slide 12. Safety remains our top priority at Union Pacific, and our goal is to be the safest railroad in North America. Importantly, we are making continued progress towards that goal with improvements in both personal injury and derailment rates versus their three-year rolling average.
We will not stop until each and every employee goes home safe every day. Freight car velocity, the best measure of fluidity on the railroad, improved 10% to 221 mi per day. Driving the performance was both reduced terminal dwell as well as increased train speed, which improved 7% and 3% respectively. We continue to leverage new technology to enhance terminal processes and adjust transportation plans, eliminating touch points while simultaneously improving cycle times. Importantly, we are turning our customers' assets faster, enabling growth through efficiency. Also key is how that translates into our service for our customers. In the second quarter, both intermodal and manifest service performance improved year over year to 99% and 97% respectively.
Our buffer of resources, coupled with further improvements in line of road variability, terminal run-through dwell, and first-mile, last-mile performance is generating a very high level of service for our customers. It is great work by the team as we deliver on our service commitments. Now let's review our key efficiency metrics on slide 13. As I mentioned before, fluidity is king, and the results on this slide are a byproduct of the exceptional results throughout the quarter. It is the team pushing the limits of what is possible to drive continuous improvements across our railroad. Locomotive productivity improved 5% versus last year, a second quarter record, as we efficiently handled a heavier business mix while also improving dwell times across the network. Workforce productivity, which includes all employees, improved 9% and marked an all-time quarterly record.
Similar to first quarter, our active train, engine, and yard workforce decreased 1%, again demonstrating excellent operating leverage against the 4% volume growth. We are confident there is more opportunity in front of us as we leverage technology to make our workforce safer and more efficient. Train length in the quarter grew both sequentially and year over year. In fact, the second quarter set an all-time record at nearly 9,700 ft. It continues to be an ongoing source of productivity as we look to reduce crew starts, improve asset utilizations, and build capacity on our network. Wrapping up, we have tremendous operational momentum, momentum that is enabling growth across our railroad. Our footprint is unparalleled and built to handle that growth. It's on us to execute it in an efficient, service-focused manner.
We will continue to work hand in hand with Kenny's team, remaining agile with our customers to quickly adapt to changes in demand and traffic flows. Jim?
Jim Vena (CEO)
Eric, thank you very much, and the entire team. Before we get to your questions, I'd like to quickly summarize what you've heard from all of us. First, as you heard from Jennifer, the team is delivering on our strategy. We're generating carload growth and price by delivering the service we sold to our customers while driving continued productivity into the network. We are controlling what we can control. We produced quarterly records in freight revenue and operating income and a best-ever record in freight revenue excluding fuel. I'm confident our 58.1% adjusted operating ratio will be industry-leading. Kenny summarized second quarter volume and revenue drivers and discussed his thoughts for the second half of 2025. Unknowns remain, but we are focused on outperforming our markets and pricing to the value we're providing our customers.
The second quarter surge in coal and our ability to seamlessly handle it demonstrates the value our buffer of resources provides as we compete and win business. Next, Eric reviewed our strong operating results. Safety metrics continue to show great improvement as we strive to lead the industry and bring our employees home safe. Operationally, the network is running at a very high level, delivering on our service and operating plans. We will remain agile and ready to handle whatever comes our way. Wrapping up, we remain committed to the long-term guidance that we laid out at our investor day last September. You see that in our results and in last week's dividend increase. We are confident we will remain the industry leader as we drive value for our shareholders. The foundation is built.
We are growing with our customers, and we have strong momentum as we continue to maximize the value of this great franchise. In addition to today's earnings release, we also just announced that Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern are engaged in advanced discussions regarding a potential business combination. There are no assurances that we'll reach an agreement, but we are talking. We will not comment any further until there's something to disclose, and we will not take any questions relating to this topic during the Q&A. With that, Rob, we're ready to start the Q&A. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
Thank you, Mr. Vena. We'll now be conducting the question-and-answer session. If you'd like to ask a question at this time, please press Star 1 from your telephone keypad, and a confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press Star 2 if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants that are using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the Star keys. Due to the number of analysts joining us on the call today, we'll be limiting everyone to one question to accommodate as many participants as possible. Thank you. The first question today comes from the line of John Chapelle with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Good morning, John.
Jonathan Chappell (Senior Managing Director)
Thank you.
Good morning, Jim. That's quite a curveball with the press release and not taking any questions about the thing everyone's going to ask you about. Let me phrase it this way, and you can answer it how you so choose. Everything you just laid out before the mention of the press release is everything you said you're going to do and you're going to join. The momentum's amazing. The OR is best in business. Pricing, balance sheet, everything's working the way it's supposed to, and you're doing this in a very tough freight environment. Why now potentially take on a multi-year distraction that could potentially sidetrack the organic momentum that you're already building?
Jim Vena (CEO)
Why don't we back up a little bit in time? I think you have to think about things in time and place. I've been involved with Union Pacific with a short little time when I was on sabbatical, as I describe it, since 2019. Since 2019, it was a journey to be able to have a team, which I'm very proud of, the team that's sitting here with me and everybody that works at Union Pacific. To fundamentally drive the efficiency, drive the productivity, drive that customer focus, drive the capability to deliver and sell and be able to move products at a high level for our customers in an efficient manner. If we look forward, truly, we look at what's possible and what's better. That's what this is all about. Everything else in the world is moving ahead, technology-wise, and fundamentally going to change.
I've been railroading for maybe way too long, and I remember when there were five people on trains and there were four and three. I also remember when locomotives couldn't communicate and we could not run in-train power. If you stand still, you get left behind. I love where we are because if you fundamentally have a railroad that's operating the way we operate and the way we can react, then you can do things that help the nation, help our customers win. That's what it's all about. Sorry for the long answer, but I thought I'd frame it for you.
Jonathan Chappell (Senior Managing Director)
I appreciate it. Thanks, Jim.
Jim Vena (CEO)
You're welcome.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Brian Austin Beck with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Brian.
Brian Austiin Beck (Analyst)
Hey, good morning, Jim. Good morning, team. Thanks for taking the question. I think we'll just ask more of a philosophical one for you, Jim. We've seen efforts to give shippers options like reciprocal switching over the past quarter. Obviously, just remanded that back to the STB. What's your view on just conceptually the reciprocal switching, open access, giving shippers more options, maybe in exchange for the news you just announced? You've also talked about the rail industry hasn't done a great job for intermodal growth in the past, making some tough decisions. I wanted to see if you had some further comments on that, maybe a direct-to-shipper offering at some point. That's a lot of theoretical stuff, but I appreciate your thoughts on that, Jim. Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Who are we at Union Pacific? Okay, I can't talk about the industry in general. The people, I think, have very similar goals. We know that if we provide service at a high level, and the service is what we sold the customer, we have a range of customers that need different types of service. Some need speed, some need consistency, some need storage, some need additional. Everything that we do, from the technology we put in place to make it easier to enter faster into our intermodal facilities, faster in being able to trace cars, being able to tell where all their equipment is, working on innovative solutions, that's how we win. Nothing changes. It doesn't matter whether it was two weeks ago or today, nothing changes in what we think we need to do to continue to grow this and absolutely help the country.
The more we can move off of highways onto our railroad, the more we allow our customers to be able to win in the marketplace by giving a tie-in with them and have that service and product where it should be is a win. That's the way I look at it, Brian. Hopefully, you can see the philosophy that we all have here.
Brian Austiin Beck (Analyst)
Yeah, appreciate it, Jim. Good luck. Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thank you.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Chris Weatherby with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Chris.
Chris Wetherbee (Managing Director)
Hey, morning, Jim. Thanks for taking the question. I guess about a month or so ago, I think in a public forum, you noted that you'd only do things that you thought were possible. I guess just maybe big picture, as you're thinking about the industry moving forward here, I think your comments were interesting about not standing still. I guess when you think about what's possible, is this the landscape that would allow changes to occur, whether it be from a shipper perspective, from a technology perspective, from a regulatory perspective? I guess we're just trying to get a sense of how you see sort of the receptivity of the other stakeholders in the industry as you think about what Union Pacific's trying to accomplish over the next several years.
Jim Vena (CEO)
I think it's a great question. I do talk about what's possible. That's the way we think here at Union Pacific. If you take a look at what we've done, we don't look at the—and we never have—but we're very, very diligent in going through any decisions that we make. I can go back in my time here, and I could go back to my time at the other great railroad that I worked for, Canadian National Railway Company. Great company. Great franchise. When I came here and the team, we decided that what we wanted to be able to do is make sure that we make smart decisions, how we move ahead, how we operate, how we sell. Kenny does that in his team every day. Jennifer keeps us grounded.
She's—some of the discussions you would find very interesting on making sure that we are driving to the best decision possible. That's who we are, is if we can fundamentally operate a railroad in a safe, provide great service, and be operationally excellent, then we can look at what's possible and decide what we want to do next. We never take decisions lightly. We do not flippantly wake up one morning and say we're going to do something like we just announced that we're in discussion, and we thought about it yesterday. We've done a lot of homework to get us to this place. I'm not going to comment as nobody would expect me to. Only a fool would expect me in the middle of when we're having discussions to start getting into any detail. None of you are fools. I've met you all. You guys are smart people.
At the end of the day, I'm very comfortable where we are. We're diligent on decision-making. We thought it was prudent for us where we were and to fully tell our shareholders and everybody exactly where we are this morning after the quarter that we had. We're moving ahead. Thanks for the question.
Chris Wetherbee (Managing Director)
Thanks, Jim. Appreciate it.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Stephanie Moore with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Good morning.
Stephaine Moore (SVP)
Hi, good morning. Thank you. Can you hear me?
Jim Vena (CEO)
I can hear you clear. How are you this morning?
Stephaine Moore (SVP)
Great. I'm doing very well. Maybe I'll ask.
Jim Vena (CEO)
I figure if I ask you questions, you won't ask me a question. It will do a two-way. Go ahead.
Stephaine Moore (SVP)
You're more than welcome to ask me whatever questions you'd like. Maybe I'll jump away from the topic to Jor real quick here. I wanted to talk a little bit about the rail itself. I mean, you've made tremendous progress. The network is working about as well as it has. As you think about the back half of the year and you talk about really the cost performance as we go from Q2 to 3Q, if you wanted to share any puts and takes about anything that might not continue from the second quarter into the third quarter, and at the same time, how we should think about maybe some potential benefits as we look to the back half of the year and ultimately hitting that full-year target. Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
You know what? You guys are probably getting sick and tired of listening to me already. I have a couple of people here that can give you a real wholesome view on it. All three of you, please jump in. Eric, why do you not start about what you see second half, what you are thinking about operationally, what is possible? Jennifer and Kenny, you guys want to jump in? Away we go. Okay.
Eric Gehringer (EVP of Operations)
Yeah. Two quarters in, and certainly in this quarter, we're already demonstrating a very high level of productivity and certainly a very high level of service to our customers. When you think about the second half and as we think about how we're going to execute that, the game plan really isn't different. We've got a great team executing against some very challenging goals, and they're delivering on those goals. Now, we're looking for opportunities always. It never ends. That perpetual dissatisfaction that I've spoken about before, that's our mindset or seeing what's possible. I still see opportunities in how we think about improving service from a dwell perspective, which also has the benefit of driving efficiency to make Kenny even more competitive in the market with this team. I still see opportunities in the locomotive dwell side.
We set a second-best record ever in the second quarter at 15.4 hours. There's no reason that can't be below 15, and the team's up against that. Even outside of the core transportation team, it's about how we think about automation within engineering and mechanical. The plan isn't different. It's to continue to be safe. It's to continue to give good service, and it's to continue to find new and inventive ways to be efficient.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Yeah. I'll go through a few things I mentioned in my script. Certainly, we expect for our coal business to be up significantly. We're looking at grain. We've got a great harvest out there. We'll see where the demand takes us. I like the fact that our network, and Eric has a network that we can move wherever the grain and traffic flows take us. On the industrial side, I'm excited and pumped up about the wins that we have in the marketplace. We're winning as our customers are expanding on us. And they're aligned with the investments that we've made in the Gulf Coast. On the premium side, the fight will be on international intermodal. Bottom line is we've got to backfill that volume. Some of the ways we do that is on the domestic side.
I'll tell you, when you have a strong service product like we have, we're going to introduce new products. We're going to introduce a seven-day-a-week service from Tacoma into Chicago. We're going to introduce a seven-day-a-week service from Memphis to Dallas. We're going to introduce the Kansas City intermodal terminal. That's the fourth one in the last few years. When you got a strong service product and you're introducing what we're doing, I feel really good about where we expect to be.
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Yeah. So Stephanie. Eric and Kenny both hit great points in terms of the railroad's running really well. Kenny and his team are out there executing. We called out the one-timer that we have relative to the expense line with the labor agreement. Certainly, that's not going to repeat itself as you're thinking sequentially second quarter to third quarter. All really good progress and feel really good about those things. The only thing I'll remind you of, and we've talked about this before, is that this is going to be a little bit of an unusual year for us when you think about the volume cadence. Usually, you have your stronger volumes in your third and fourth quarter. Because of the strong comp that we have with the international intermodal and how we see that trending, that's likely not going to happen.
In fact, we're expecting some sequential declines through the back half. Set that aside, the team is executing at a very high level, and we'll continue to do that.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thank you very much.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Tom Watterwitz with UBS. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Tom.
Tom Wadewitz (Senior Equity Research Analyst)
Yeah. Hey, Jim. I want to see you since you had the Trains Magazine article back in May, you really had a dramatic impact on the discussion on consolidation. There's been enough time, I would imagine, some of your good contacts and buddies on the customer and shipper side have reached out to you and probably given you some feedback. Can you offer any thoughts on kind of what the flavor of that feedback is? Are shippers gravely concerned? Are they mechanical shippers? Are they excited about maybe intermodal shippers excited about a transcontinental railroad? Is there anything high-level you can give us on just kind of initial shipper response over the last couple of months? Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Tom, we deal with our unions and our employees all the time. We decided this round to have direct negotiations, and we've signed up close to about 36% now of our employees who are signed up or have a tentative agreement. That's the way our relationship is with our employees. We want our employees to come to work, deliver. We need them to work and be very efficient. We give them everything we can to make sure that they work in a safe manner and all the training necessary using technology. That's how I look at the labor in Union Pacific. It's in a real positive place, and we're moving ahead just like we want to under all the agreements that we have. Appreciate the question.
Tom Wadewitz (Senior Equity Research Analyst)
Yeah. I think I was really asking more about shipper feedback on potential transcontinental.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Yeah. Tom, I said it from the start. It's pretty clear. You never negotiate publicly. I think we came out, and we're very specific in what we said this morning. That's about all I'm going to say. I'm not going to get into any other detail. When you're in the middle of a negotiation, I don't know about you guys, but the last time I looked when I went and bought a home, and I've only moved like 19 times, I don't go tell everybody on the street what I'm thinking and where I am and what I'm going to pay or anything else. You're in negotiations. It's advanced negotiations, which is good, but that's it. It's as far as I'm going to say, Tom. Okay?
Tom Wadewitz (Senior Equity Research Analyst)
Fair enough.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thank you.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Vasco Majors with Susquehanna. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Vasco.
Bascome Majors (Senior Equity Research Analyst)
Good morning, Jim. As you look out long-term, UP has been pretty committed to the modification approach to refreshing your locomotive fleet over the last three years. That agreement, which I believe predated your arrival, Jim, comes to an end here in the next couple of quarters. How do you feel about the fleet today? What are your intentions and desire to continue refreshing it longer term? Does a combination make that a little more complicated than it would have been otherwise? Thank you.
Eric Gehringer (EVP of Operations)
Let's start with reminding ourselves that it takes five critical assets, five critical resources to run this railroad, and locomotives is one of them. What you always want to make sure you're doing, and we do it every single day, is to ensure that, to your point, we're making the proper investments in our locomotive fleet. To be clear, we are. As we look at the modernization program, that's one part of it. It's a very important part of it. It's what allows us to continue to improve reliability, renew the fleet, deliver fuel improvements, as well as greenhouse gas emission reductions. We also have our overhaul program, which is another way to keep our fleet in a specific operational order that runs efficiently, runs reliably. We also have investments that we make every single day in our shops when we do modifications to the locomotive.
As I look out, all three are going to remain very important. Now, the distribution of where we spend in those three buckets may change based on the condition of the fleet or the mix of traffic, but all three are critical components for us to deliver a consistent and reliable service product to our customers.
Bascome Majors (Senior Equity Research Analyst)
Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thanks, Bascom.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Ken Hekster with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Ken.
Ken Hoexter (Managing Director)
Hey, good morning, Jim and team. Certainly a loud announcement this morning. I want to ask about the operating potential. You're at a 58.1. Maybe can you talk about where you think you can still take this railroad in terms of operating ratio efficiency? And Jen, you talked about the ability to hit the upper single-digit, low double-digit target. I think you were kind of saying specifically to this year, right? I just want to clarify that where it hadn't been. I don't think that's specific before. Jim, just can you clarify just using words, right? You mentioned it's an advanced. Is there different stages of discussions that we should be taking away with the advanced comment? Thanks.
Jim Vena (CEO)
That was pretty good, Ken. Three questions. Jennifer, why don't you reiterate what our same we're going to deliver moving forward our guns?
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Yeah. Thanks, Ken. We have not said anything different on that EPS piece than what we've been saying all year. We're reiterating our three-year target. We're confident in our ability to hit that. We've said that this year's performance will be consistent with hitting that. There's been no change there. Obviously, the world's changed a little bit since last September. We weren't expecting tariffs. We weren't expecting some of the things in the economy. Conversely, we're running as well as we ever have. Lots of puts and takes all in. We're still very confident in our ability to hit those targets.
Jim Vena (CEO)
You bet. On the second pieces of operational efficiency, Ken, you know me. You and I have talked. If we have not talked a hundred times, I would be surprised. I am very consistent on that. I do not get out and tell people and put a number out and say, "This is what we are going to deliver," because there are so many puts and takes in operating a railroad. Bottom line is our goal is to be the most efficient. That would mean driving the operating ratio the lowest in what the business and the mix that we have can deliver. That is what it is all about for us. We are real happy in the last few quarters. I think we have been in the position that we are leading the industry in that, and we want to continue to do that.
What it looks like down the road, I do not know. If Kenny could go get a whole bunch more price, he would really help us on the operating ratio. Maybe I will have to push him a little harder, cannot I? I know you have told me a few times that I push Kenny a little too hard. I just thought I would remind you about that. Did I miss any of your questions? Because you had three or four.
Ken Hoexter (Managing Director)
Just the advanced comment. I just want to understand, is there a signal there or what it means? I don't know what you're trying to send with that comment.
Jim Vena (CEO)
There's nothing there. Just read it and think about what it says. That's it. It's as simple as that. And you're a smart guy. Okay?
Ken Hoexter (Managing Director)
Appreciate it, Jim. Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thank you very much.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Daniel Imbro with Steven. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Good morning, Daniel.
Daniel Imbro (Managing Director)
Hey. Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the question, Jim. Maybe a different question on regulation here and to follow up on part of Chris's question earlier. Just with the new administration and maybe lower regulatory backdrop, are we seeing any progress on things like zero to zero, one-man crews? I mean, you mentioned you knew when it was five-man crews, four-man crews. I mean, any progress on that push towards automation or any closer to a more efficient future with this new administration?
Jim Vena (CEO)
Yeah. Eric has really been leading a lot of that discussion with the FRA. I'll let him speak. Go ahead, Eric.
Eric Gehringer (EVP of Operations)
Daniel, we're definitely seeing momentum. We've always appreciated our partnership with the FRA as an example. Right now, those engagements, they've been very effective. They've been prompt. We're trying to move as quickly as possible, both as a railroad and the FRA, but also in the industry. You pointed out some of the technologies, and certainly those are parts of our discussions, but it's broader than that. As we look at technologies even outside of what's related to group or the number of people in the cab of a locomotive, there's a lot of opportunity for us to continue to improve safety by being allowed to implement technologies, some of which have been around for a while, some of which are just new, and some of which we're developing. I'm very happy with where we are with all of them.
I think the way to measure us against that is the speed at which we can get through those conversations and get it on not just our railroad, but many other railroads because the net benefit is a safer railroad industry.
Daniel Imbro (Managing Director)
Great. Appreciate the answer.
Eric Gehringer (EVP of Operations)
Thank you very much.
Operator (participant)
Our next question is from the line of Jason Seidel with TD Cowen. Please proceed with your question.
Jason Seidl (Managing Director)
Morning, thanks, operator. Morning. I guess with your line of questioning or how limited you could be, I could ask about if you guys had too much money in Bouchard for $10.5 million a season, but I'm going to try anyway. There's been a lot of talk about opening up some of this watershed traffic or accessing it. Can you talk about sort of the market that's out there for the rail industry in terms of how much business you think is available to access, whether it be through a deal or through railroads working together more closely?
Jim Vena (CEO)
Let me talk real quick about the business and the way we look at it, okay? Because that's what's important. If you build the fundamentals and have a very efficient railroad, you can open up markets that you can handle within the physical plant that you have. That's real important for us. Delivering at a high level to deliver what we sold and what we agreed to with the customer, and they know we're consistent and not just for a short period of time, is real important for us to open up opportunity. That's what's real important. You know what? I have a little fun with Kenny every so often, but Kenny's real close to the customers and what we're doing and how we're looking at it and how we want to build together to win. Kenny, why don't you fill in some of the gaps?
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Yeah. I'll just say through our interline alliances, we've always looked at which markets we can open up. When you have a strong, efficient network and service product that we have today, obviously that allows us to look at new opportunities and allows our customers to look at new opportunities. We're going to keep with that mindset and see if we can grow the business.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Perfect. Thank you very much. Thanks for the question.
Jason Seidl (Managing Director)
Thanks.
Operator (participant)
The next question comes from the line of Scott Group with Wolfe Research. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Scott.
Scott Group (Managing Director)
Hey, thanks. Good morning. I'll just stick to some of the fundamentals for now. Jennifer, any thoughts on second-half operating ratio, second-half price mix as you sort of think about the business? And then, I don't know, Kenny, there's just huge strength in coal, putting aside the contract win. What's the sense from customers about the sustainability of this? Do we need to just think about, we need to start thinking about coal a little bit differently just given everything going on with the power markets?
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Okay, Scott. I think that was about a three-part question, but I'm going to give you extra credit because you asked about the fundamentals of the business. In terms of how we think about OR, obviously, Jim's talked about that. That's an outcome of all the efforts that we're putting forward. Our challenge and our task as a management team is to make continuous improvement. We feel very confident in our ability to continue to drive improvement as we move through the back half of the year. You mentioned price mix. As we look at the back half of the year, we do actually think, assuming our belief is correct, which I think it is in terms of what's going to happen with International Intermodal as a part of our business mix, we should see that mix piece turn more positive as we move through the second half.
That is an expectation that we have in there, Scott. I think you're spot on with that. One last comment, then I'll let Kenny talk to coal. Just as a reminder on the coal piece, while it has a higher arc than our International Intermodal, it is still below the system average. So, Kenny.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Okay. Yes. And I talked about the natural gas prices. That's certainly playing a role. More importantly, the service product that Eric and his team are providing us, being able to pull ahead more tons and deliver more trains, especially in a time where they need it when natural gas prices are where they are, we benefited from that. Obviously, we've talked about the win, which is also uplift for us with LCRA. I think you had a question about the future. We'll see what happens. I mean, we're looking closely at the impact of data centers out there and cloud computing. Will it have an impact on coal overall? Maybe we'll see some retirement get pushed out. Right now, we're really being opportunistic with the service and capturing what we can.
Eric Gehringer (EVP of Operations)
It's been a great opportunity for us to reinforce the buffer of resources that they're there. Kenny brings the business to the railroad. We're not waiting weeks and months. We're finding out we have the locomotives, they're pre-positioned, we have the crews, and we get the volume on the railroad. Building America.
Absolutely. Yeah, you bet.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Scott, thank you very much. Appreciate it.
Operator (participant)
Thank you. As a reminder, we ask everyone a chance to ask a question. We asked the only other question to one. The next question comes from the line of Rika Herain with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Good morning.
Rika Harnain (Director)
Hey, everyone. Good morning. Maybe you can talk a little bit about how you see your intermodal channel partners, the IMCs, fitting into the equation of driving more domestic intermodal and enabling more conversions. It seems like you're doing more transloading services through your own subsidiaries. Do you think that's sustainable or you can grow it? Kenny, you talked about the new products you're introducing on the domestic side, seven days a week in various markets. Are your IMC partners able to keep up? I know just a bonus one, if you throw me a bone, given it's on the core business. Kenny, you also talked about, I think, over 400 projects and having a line of sight to winning those. Maybe you can talk about customer feedback on turning those on, if those conversations are being accelerated by the new tax plan.
Anything on the long-term outlook for the revenue growth would be helpful. Thank you.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Yeah. I'll just talk high level about intermodal. I'll tell you, we're excited about the framework we have with our portfolio of private asset customers and our own rail box. When we talk to BCOs, they like the fact that they've got a choice of IMCs and private asset owners to look at. Our rail box is very competitive, and we've seen it compete very favorably in the marketplace. The second part of your question is around industrial development. Yes, the team is out there hustling to bring on more traffic. Engage. We've had some really strong wins already this year. We look at those as 40-year assets that'll be around for a while. We've seen a cadence there, a slight uptick in run rate from what we've seen in the previous year. It's hard to pinpoint down if that's because of the administration or some policy change.
We're encouraged in the future of how those projects will shake out.
Rika Harnain (Director)
Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Great. Have a good day. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
Our next question is from the line of Brandon Oglensky with Barclays. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Brandon.
Brandon Oglenski (Director and Senior Equity Analyst)
Hi. Good morning, Jim. I guess I want to ask one on the historical perspective of the industry, just given your career. How has the interchange process for customers evolved? I mean, we always used to talk about Chicago as being a real pain point. I guess can you talk to where that is today, some of the challenges that you still see with your shippers, and maybe some of the inherent limitations on dealing with that given today's structure?
Jim Vena (CEO)
I think you always have to look at how you simplify the movement of products. We do that internally in how we use our network. It is a great example of how we operate. You can come out of the LA basin with a number of different products, not just intermodal, and decide how you are going to move it to the different markets and what you have sold to the customer on speed and what. The more you can do that so you remove touch points. We do that all the time. Eric, we spend a lot of time looking at ways that we do not have to process cars in multiple humpyards or multiple switching facilities. That is one of the—here I am talking about our secret sauce. We spend a lot of time worried about and have technology that helps us be able to examine it.
For us, that is real important. That is the way we operate. If you can have a much more fluid, less touching railroad, and that is what we have driven, it helps us be able to provide a higher level of service because you remove some of that noise that happens when you hand off. If it gets to the humpyard in Inglewood and you hump it there and then you want to go all the way to Minneapolis and you are trying to figure out that. We used to touch those cars two or three times. Every time you touch, something could go wrong. If you do it in a much more seamless manner, the way we have, and also in a cost-efficient manner, it is a win-win. Sorry for getting into the detail, but that is just the way my mind works.
I think Eric does as good a job or maybe even better than me at looking at that stuff. I give the team a lot of credit. Kenny loves it because we remove some of the noise on how we move the traffic and make it less expensive for us to move. That is the way I look at it. Thanks for the question.
Brandon Oglenski (Director and Senior Equity Analyst)
Thank you.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Walter Fragland with RBC. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Walter. How are you?
Walter Spracklin (Director of Canadian Equity Research Management and Co-head of Global Industrials Research)
Morning, Jim. Good, good. Yeah.
Jim Vena (CEO)
My Oilers didn't make it again.
Walter Spracklin (Director of Canadian Equity Research Management and Co-head of Global Industrials Research)
Yeah. Our least good needers.
Jim Vena (CEO)
I remember the last time we were talking. Out of a gun. Okay. Keep on going once you get back to the railroad.
Walter Spracklin (Director of Canadian Equity Research Management and Co-head of Global Industrials Research)
Absolutely. I'm going to put, if we put aside merger talk to him, and you and I, we have talked in the past about U.S.-bound traffic making its way up through Canadian ports, and that's been a target for you in terms of repatriating that. I was wondering, have you ever quantified that as a total addressable market as to how much you could repatriate? If you even were to go after that, is the port a big bottleneck at all in terms of you getting that volume? Is it forget that volume if we get more east-west fluidity, it's really domestic that you're going to focus on, not international intermodal?
Jim Vena (CEO)
I think as a railroad, we look at all ways to be able to grow our business and win in the marketplace. It is the entire supply chain that is the only way you win. You can have the most efficient one piece of it that will not, Walter, allow you to win that business. If you can deliver it. Listen, the Canadians, and I was there with CN. They have done CN, and I do not know CP quite as well, but I am absolutely sure that Keith is all over it big time. He is a smart guy. Same thing with Tracy. Very smart person. At the end of the day, they are working hard to make their supply chain better. My job, and all of us here, is to have a competitive product that we can win. We are competing as railroads every day.
I will be honest, if I could figure out a way to drop about three trains a day coming out of Canada, going into Chicago, and win in that marketplace, I think that is my job. That is my responsibility, and I would do it. Kenny, anything you want to add?
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Yeah, just to reiterate, very strong service product. You heard me talk about ways that we can penetrate those markets. How do you get a service product that we've created from Tacoma into the Chicago market? That's one way. Another way is creating a new ramp at Twin City. We are on offense when it comes to trying to go out there and grab new business.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Walter, thank you very much. Appreciate it.
Walter Spracklin (Director of Canadian Equity Research Management and Co-head of Global Industrials Research)
Thank you, Jim.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Jordan Alliger with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
Jordan Alliger (VP and Equity Research Analyst)
Yeah, hi. Morning. Just curiosity question. Simultaneous with the discussions you're having with Norfolk Southern, do you actually pre-discuss or engage in pre-merger chats with the Surface Transportation Board around this? Thank you.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Yeah. Listen, I appreciate the question. Like I said, we've given all the information in those two lines that we put out, and that's where we are right now. I think that's a lot of information we handed out today. For us, that's where we are, and we'll see what happens next. I appreciate the question. Thank you.
Jordan Alliger (VP and Equity Research Analyst)
Thanks.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of David Vernon with Bernstein. Please proceed with your question.
David Vernon (VP and Senior Analyst)
Hey, guys. Jim, thanks for disproving the thesis that Baltic service are somehow in this quarter. Very good setup.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Thank you very much.
David Vernon (VP and Senior Analyst)
Kenny, as you're looking at the tariff impacts on the grain export risk, I guess it occurs to me that the export side of the equation is going to be a negative. As you're looking across the business, whether it's metals or some of the more domestic movements, are you seeing any positives as freight flows are kind of being redirected or tariffs are incentivizing additional production inside of the U.S.? Can you talk a little bit about how that balances out from an overall impact on the book of business? Thanks.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Yeah. David, first, I want to say the biggest positive is the service product that we have out there to handle the stops and starts that come with tariffs that we've seen over the last, call it, seven to nine months. The also traffic flows have changed. When you have a prepared service network and strong service, that's the positive for us. Taking a step back, if you look at it externally, we are starting to see a few green shoots out there. I met with a customer a couple of months ago that said that they were shifting some of their production from Asia into Mexico, and we've got a strong service product coming out of Mexico. I mentioned our industrial development pipeline. We're keeping an eye on that to see if we see a little bit more growth on the metal side.
Over the long term, we think that that'll be a positive for us, even if it doesn't happen today or next week. Encouraged by that. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.
David Vernon (VP and Senior Analyst)
All right. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
Our next question is from the line of Ari Rosa with Credit Suisse. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Ari, good morning.
Ari Rosa (Analyst)
Hey, good morning, Jim. Congrats on a nice quarter here. Jim, you talked about evolving to the changing business environment. It's not really M&A specific, but I was hoping you could talk about what constraints you think UP has from kind of a structural network perspective that inhibit its growth and kind of what prevents you from taking more share off the highway, especially with the service levels as strong as they are today.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Okay. You know what? I've answered that sort of type of question a lot, and I like to push my team a little bit. So, Jennifer, it's yours.
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Thank you, Jim. I'm going to channel my inner Kenny Rocker on this one. I think, first of all, it does start with the fundamentals of how we approach our customers and how we can be flexible with them and how we can provide a great service product. One of the things we really have not talked about, maybe, and should talk about more is Eric and his team are very much partnered with Kenny's team to say, "What does this customer need?" We are deep into those conversations, not just saying, "Here's our service product. Do you like it?" It is more, "What service product do you need and how can we introduce that? How can we serve you better to meet those needs?" Kenny referenced earlier we are introducing a couple of new intermodal service products.
I know we have lots of examples too on the manifest side where in those customer discussions, they have told us they need either more frequent day-a-week service, maybe changing time of day, etc. Eric and his team have worked with that, and that has picked up incremental carloads. I would also take you back to something that Jim brought when he first got here, and I know you have heard us talk about this, which is speed of decision-making, speed of market, supporting those customers. When they come to us with a business opportunity, they are not talking to us about something they want to do sometimes in two years or three years. Sometimes it is, but sometimes it is in the next 30 days, in the next 60 days. This is the opportunity we have. By being much more nimble, we have layered the organization.
That is allowing us to jump in there and attack that as well. With the strong service product, we are saving money for our customers by taking days out of their transit time. That is real money for our customers in terms of inventory and in terms of their equipment assets. It is an all-of-UP kind of effort, and it is winning. Kenny just raised his hand, so I think he wants to add something.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
Jennifer, you got an A-plus for that. That was good.
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Thank you.
Kenny Rocker (EVP of Marketing and Sales)
The one thing I'll add that Jim and Eric have brought to us is around car supply and equipment supply. Nearing 100% in that order fulfillment number, we're really excited about that. Customers are excited. It gives us an opportunity to get one or two more cars out of that facility. That's another win for us.
Ari Rosa (Analyst)
All right. Thank you very much.
Operator (participant)
The next question is from the line of Ravi Shankar with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.
Ravi Shankar (Executive Director)
Thanks
Great. Thanks. Thanks for all the discussion today. Jim, maybe just a follow-up to a previous question. Obviously, you've had many, many, many customer conversations over the years. To what extent have you been effectively asked by your shipper customers to see if you can put together something like a transcont railroad because they want a service like that and they want to take trucks off the road? To what extent has this been precipitated by customer conversations?
Jim Vena (CEO)
Customers tell us this. They've been very consistent with me my entire career. What's my service? How do I move to the markets? What are my options? It comes down to, what do you charge me for it? If we can win on the service, we can win on that, customers are happy. You can see that. Fundamentally, this quarter, I think sometimes we get caught up in other noise, but if you look at fundamentally this quarter, we were able to grow our business. We were able to increase our revenue. We were able to show how efficient we could be when our total compensation was up at 1% above with all the inflationary. That's who we are. That's what we sell to our customers. If we do that, our customers are aligned with us. They want to be with Union Pacific. They want to be with this railroad.
They want to win, and they want to be with the railroad that opens opportunity for them. It's as simple as that. That's all I have to say. Thank you very much.
Ravi Shankar (Executive Director)
Understood. Thank you.
Operator (participant)
Thank you. Our final question is from the line of Jeff Kaufman with Vertical Research. Please proceed with your question.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Morning, Jeff.
Jeff Kauffman (Partner)
Thank you, Ed. Hey, good morning and congratulations. Terrific quarter. Thank you for squeezing me in. Jen, have you looked at the one big beautiful bill and assessed how that might impact the opportunities and cash flow at the company?
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Yes, we have looked at that. Going back and restoring 100% bonus depreciation, obviously, is a benefit. We think for us, it's probably cash, $250 million-$300 million incremental on an annual basis.
Jeff Kauffman (Partner)
Okay. And that's the primary impact? Are there others?
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
That's the primary impact. We do make some investment tax credit purchases. Those are still available through the bill. R&D credit.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Regulatory.
Jennifer Hamann (CFO)
Yeah. So I think that's all there.
Jim Vena (CEO)
Yeah. So there's lots of people.
All right. Jennifer, the only thing I would add is the administration talking about deregulation, making sure that the businesses have the opportunity to win because we do compete against everybody else in the world is real important to us. I like some of those things that were not specifically in the big beautiful bill, but help us to compete better and be able to move our products within the U.S. and internationally. Thank you for the question. I guess, operator, that's the last question. If I can just tie it up. I apologize for the curveball that we sent out, but we thought it was prudent to put that out. Fundamentally, what is more important to myself and the entire team and all 30,000 of us that work at Union Pacific is to move this company forward. We like where we are. Do we have more work to do?
Eric says it well. We are never satisfied. I never wake up in the morning and say, "My God, what am I going to do today?" It's who can I push and what can I do to deliver better operations and better value to our customers. We are excited. We had a great quarter. We have to build on this for the third quarter, and we are looking forward to having a discussion with all of you, for sure, when we report after the third quarter. Have a great day. Thank you very much for listening in and taking the time.
Operator (participant)
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference. You may now disconnect your lines at this time and have a wonderful day.